Effects of Short- and Long-Term Aerobic-Strength Training and Determinants of Walking Speed in the Elderly

Gerontology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Lucia Slobodová ◽  
Ľudmila Oreská ◽  
Martin Schön ◽  
Patrik Krumpolec ◽  
Veronika Tirpáková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Habitual Physical Activity ◽  
Minor Effect

<b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> Walking speed (WS) is an objective measure of physical capacity and a modifiable risk factor of morbidity and mortality in the elderly. In this study, we (i) determined effects of 3-month supervised aerobic-strength training on WS, muscle strength, and habitual physical activity; (ii) evaluated capacity of long-term (21 months) training to sustain higher WS; and (iii) identified determinants of WS in the elderly. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Volunteers (F 48/M 14, 68.4 ± 7.1 years) completed either 3-month aerobic-strength (3 × 1 h/week, <i>n</i> = 48) or stretching (active control, <i>n</i> = 14) intervention (study A). Thirty-one individuals (F 24/M 7) from study A continued in supervised aerobic-strength training (2 × 1 h/week, 21 months) and 6 (F 5/M 1) became nonexercising controls. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Three-month aerobic-strength training increased preferred and maximal WS (10-m walk test, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.01), muscle strength (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.01) and torque (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.01) at knee extension, and 24-h habitual physical activity (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001), while stretching increased only preferred WS (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.03). Effect of training on maximal WS was most prominent in individuals with baseline WS between 1.85 and 2.30 m·s<sup>−1</sup>. Maximal WS measured before intervention correlated negatively with age (<i>r</i> = −0.339, <i>p</i> = 0.007), but this correlation was weakened by the intervention (<i>r</i> = −0.238, <i>p</i> = 0.06). WS progressively increased within the first 9 months of aerobic-strength training (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001) and remained elevated during 21-month intervention (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.01). Cerebellar gray matter volume (MRI) was positively associated with maximal (<i>r</i> = 0.54; <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.0001) but not preferred WS and explained &#x3e;26% of its variability, while age had only minor effect. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Supervised aerobic-strength training increased WS, strength, and dynamics of voluntary knee extension as well as habitual physical activity in older individuals. Favorable changes in WS were sustainable over the 21-month period by a lower dose of aerobic-strength training. Training effects on WS were not limited by age, and cerebellar cortex volume was the key determinant of WS.

scholarly journals Association of insufficient physical activity with sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in individuals aged 50 years or more

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Ribeiro dos SANTOS ◽  
Monique Yndawe Castanho ARAUJO ◽  
Michel Rocha CARDOSO ◽  
Vitor Cabrera BATISTA ◽  
Diego Giulliano Destro CHRISTOFARO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Habitual Physical Activity ◽  
Sarcopenic Obesity ◽  
Insufficient Physical Activity

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the association of insufficient physical activity in different domains with sarcopenia or sarcopenic obesity in patients aged ³50 years. Methods: The sample consisted of 770 males and females. Sarcopenia was diagnosed when the individual had: (1) low muscle mass and muscle strength; or (2) low walking speed and low muscle mass; sarcopenic obesity was diagnosed when individuals were at risk of obesity and sarcopenia. Muscle mass was given by a predictive equation, and then the muscle mass index (in kg/m²) was given by muscle mass divided by height squared. Muscle strength, in kg, was given by measuring handgrip strength with a digital dynamometer. The 4m walk test evaluated walking sped. Low muscle mass, muscle strength, and walking speed were defined as the respective values below the 25th percentile, and risk of obesity was defined as body mass index ³25kg/m2. Results: Habitual physical activity was investigated by a questionnaire. Insufficient leisure-time physical activity was associated with sarcopenia (OR=2.55; 95%CI=1.10-5.88). In addition, insufficient leisure-time physical activity (OR=4.75; 95%CI=1.64-13.72), leisure-time and commuting physical activities (OR=2.49; 95%CI=1.02-6.11, and habitual physical activity (OR=3.55; 95%CI=1.0-11.79) were associated with sarcopenic obesity. Conclusion: Insufficient physical activity is associated with sarcopenia or sarcopenic obesity in the study individuals aged ³50years.

scholarly journals The influence of the practice of physical activity on the quality of life, muscle strength, balance, and physical ability in the elderly

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Martinez Orlando ◽  
Maria Stella Peccin da Silva ◽  
Império Lombardi Junior
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Physical Capacity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
Assess Quality ◽  
The City

INTRODUCTION: Ageing has become a huge public health challenge due to the need to find solutions for improving quality of life. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess quality of life, muscle strength, balance and physical capacity among elderly practitioners and non-practitioners of physical activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational, cross-sectional study was carried out involving 74 elderly individuals in the city of Santos (state of São Paulo, Brazil), divided into two groups: practitioners and non-practitioners of physical activity. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used for the classification of the participants. The generic SF-36 questionnaire was used to assess quality of life. The Berg scale was used for the analysis of balance. Dynamometry was used for the muscle strength test. The six-minute walk test was used for the assessment of physical capacity. RESULTS: Significant differences were found between elderly practitioners and non-practitioners of physical activity regarding quality of life (p = 0.001), muscle strength (p = 0.001), balance (p = 0.001) and physical capacity (p = 0.001). The data also showed that aspects of quality of life were strongly correlated with physical capacity among the non-practitioners of physical activity (r = 0.741). CONCLUSION: Elderly individuals in the city of Santos (Brazil) who practice physical activity have better quality of life, muscle strength, physical capacity and balance in comparison to those who do not practice physical activity.

Maximal Isometric Muscle Strength and Socioeconomic Status, Health, and Physical Activity in 75-Year-Old Persons

1994 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taina Rantanen ◽  
Pertti Era ◽  
Markku Kauppinen ◽  
Eino Heikkinen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Isometric Strength ◽  
Musculoskeletal Symptoms ◽  
Trunk Flexion ◽  
Self Rated Health

This study analyzes the associations of socioeconomic status (SES), health, and physical activity with maximal isometric strength in 75-year-old men (n= 104) and women (n= 191). Maximal isometric strength was measured with dynamometers; the forces were adjusted using body weight. The maximal forces for women varied from 66% (trunk flexion) to 73% (knee extension) of those of the men. SES was not associated with muscle force. For men the trunk forces and elbow flexion force correlated negatively with the number of chronic diseases, index of musculoskeletal pain, and self-rated health. For women all the strength test results correlated with self-rated health; the other health indicators showed significant correlation with trunk extension force only. For both sexes the physically more active exhibited greater strength. The index of musculoskeletal symptoms explained the variance on trunk force factor in both sexes. It was concluded that a higher level of everyday physical activity and good values in the state-of-health indicators were the most important variables explaining greater strength among the elderly.

Effects of Long-Term Resistance Training and Detraining on Strength and Physical Activity in Older Women

2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle M. Porter ◽  
Miriam E. Nelson ◽  
Maria A. Fiatarone Singh ◽  
Jennifer E. Layne ◽  
Christine M. Morganti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Physical Activity Behavior ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Activity Behavior ◽  
Increased Strength

Resistance training (RT) increases strength in older adults, but there have been few studies of long-term RT or detraining in older adults. Postmenopausal participants (51–71 years of age) were randomized to RT or a control group for Year 1. For Year 2, participants chose whether to resistance train or not. Three groups emerged: train/train (n = 8: 60 ± 4 years), train/no train (n = 11: 62 ± 3 years), or controls (n = 17; 58 ± 6 years). Both training groups increased strength (p < .05) in Year 1. In Year 2, train/train maintained strength, whereas train/no train lost strength for knee extension (p < .001) but not for arm pulldown. Controls did not change. Reported physical activity levels were significantly increased in trainers in Year 1 and remained high regardless of RT in Year 2 (p < .05). Therefore, sustained changes in strength and physical activity behavior might be possible even if RT is discontinued.

scholarly journals A Longitudinal Study of a Multicomponent Exercise Intervention with Remote Guidance among Breast Cancer Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 3425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaosheng Dong ◽  
Xiangren Yi ◽  
Meng Ding ◽  
Zan Gao ◽  
Daniel J. McDonough ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Health Related ◽  
One Year

Purpose: Breast cancer patients in treatment suffer from long-term side effects that seriously influence their physical and mental health. The aim of this study was to examine effectiveness of a 12-week multicomponent exercise (ME) with remote guidance intervention on health-related outcomes after one year among breast cancer patients. Methods: In phases I–III, 60 patients (51.2 ± 7.9 years) with breast cancer (BC) who completed chemotherapy/postoperative radiotherapy within the previous four months to two years were randomly assigned to (1) multicomponent exercise with remote guidance (ME) and (2) usual care (UC). Eligible participants were approached to assess cancer-related quality of life (QOL), muscle strength, cardiorespiratory endurance, and physical activity (PA) barriers after one year. Results: The results demonstrated that, after one year, the ME group reported higher vitality-related QOL (5.776, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.987, 10.565, effect size [ES] = 0.360), mental health-related QOL (9.938, 95% CI 4.146, 15.729, ES = 0.512), leg strength and endurance (2.880, CI 1.337, 4.423, ES = 0.557), and strength and endurance of upper extremities (2.745, 95% CI 1.076, 4.415, ES = 0.491) and lower physical activity (PA) hindrance (5.120, 95% CI 1.976, 8.264, ES = 0.486) than the UC group. Conclusions: The ME group observed significant differences from the UC group in QOL, muscle strength, cardiopulmonary endurance, and PA participation. These findings suggested that the multicomponent exercise intervention with remote guidance produced long-term health benefits for breast cancer patients.

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