Characterization of eucalyptus clones subject to wind damage

Abstract: The objective of this work was to test a new methodology to assess the resistance of trees to wind damage and determine the characteristics that increase clone resistance to winds. Tree resistance to breakage, basic density, ultrastructure, anatomy, mechanical properties, and wood growth stress have been evaluated in seven Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla clones, collected from a region with a high incidence of wind damage. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the tree resistance to breakage and the ratio between the area damaged by the winds and the total planted area was -0.839, showing the efficiency of the methodology adopted and that high breaking strength results in a smaller area affected by wind damage. Trees with a high basic density, cell wall fraction, modulus of elasticity of the middle lamella and fibers, fiber hardness, modulus of rupture, growth stress and low microfibril angle and height and width of the rays showed greater resistance to wind damage. Therefore, the selection of clones with these features may reduce the incidence of damage by winds in Eucalyptus plantations.

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Anatomical and chemical factors affecting tensile growth stress in Eucalyptus grandis plantations at different latitudes in Brazil

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x11-161 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 134-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Miho Kojima ◽

Hiroyuki Yamamoto ◽

Koichiro Saegusa ◽

Fabio Minoru Yamaji ◽

Masato Yoshida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lignin Content ◽

Microfibril Angle ◽

Eucalyptus Grandis ◽

Middle Layer ◽

Growth Stress ◽

Cellulose Content ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Wide Range ◽

Chemical Factors ◽

Processing Defects

The key to using planted Eucalyptus as timber lies in controlling the characteristic high tensile growth stress that often causes serious processing defects in sawn logs and lumber. In the present study, we investigated variations in the longitudinal released strain (RS) of surface growth stress in stems of Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden planted in a wide range of latitudes in Brazil and established relationships between RS measurements and anatomical and chemical factors. Cellulose and lignin content, RS, and the microfibril angle (MFA) of the middle layer of the secondary wall (S2 layer) differed among latitudes. The increase in cellulose content and decrease in MFA were correlated with the contractive value of RS, which explained the higher tensile growth stress in stems from high-latitude plantations where higher cellulose content and lower MFA were observed. To reduce processing defects due to tensile growth stress, the factors controlling MFA values and cellulose content must be identified.

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Quality of Eucalyptus Wood Grown in Rio de Janeiro State for Bioenergy

Floresta e Ambiente ◽

10.1590/2179-8087.140315 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 435-442 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ananias Francisco Dias Júnior ◽

Djailson Silva da Costa Júnior ◽

Azarias Machado de Andrade ◽

Elisabeth de Oliveira ◽

Artur Queiroz Lana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Rio De Janeiro ◽

Energy Use ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Eucalyptus Grandis ◽

Basic Density ◽

Principal Component ◽

Component Analysis ◽

Eucalyptus Wood ◽

Janeiro State

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus saligna, from production areas of Rio de Janeiro State, intended for energy use. The selection consisted of six trees per specie, at six years old. The wood samples had its basic density determined, then, was subjected to the pyrolysis process with 500 °C of final temperature. Charcoal, pyroligneous liquid and non-condensable gases yields were determined. In addition, the charcoal had its immediate analysis performed to determine the levels of volatiles matter, fixed carbon and ash content. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and principal component analysis. The correlation analysis and principal component analysis were effective to predict recommended species. Based on the results, the most recommended specie for energy purposes was the Eucalyptus grandis.

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CHEMICAL AND ENERGETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla CLONES SUBJECT TO WIND DAMAGE

Revista Árvore ◽

10.1590/1806-90882019000400001 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Antonio José Vinha Zanuncio ◽

Amélia Guimarães Carvalho ◽

Angelica de Cassia Oliveira Carneiro ◽

Jorge Luiz Colodette ◽

Maria Fernanda Vieira Rocha

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Energy Density ◽

Lignin Content ◽

Eucalyptus Grandis ◽

Basic Density ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Wind Damage ◽

Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽

Energetic Characterization ◽

G Ratio

ABSTRACT Wind damages are common in forest plantations and the use of this wood can minimize losses. The objective was to evaluate the chemical composition and the energetic potential of wood and charcoal from trees subject to wind damage. Eight (A to H) two-years-old Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla clones were selected in a region where wind damage is frequent. The basic density, calorific value, chemical composition of wood and calorific value, immediate chemistry and gravimetric yield of charcoal were determined for all clones. Materials with high lignin content and low S/G ratio had higher gravimetric yield. The energy density of wood and charcoal showed high relationship with the basic and apparent relative density, respectively. All materials showed potential for bioenergy, but the clone E stood out with higher gravimetric yield and energy density.

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Wood Quality of Sugi (Cryptomeria Japonica) Grown at four initial Spacings

IAWA Journal ◽

10.1163/22941932-90000122 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 375-386 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

F. Ishiguri ◽

S. Kasai ◽

S. Yokota ◽

K. Iizuka ◽

N. Yoshizawa

Keyword(s):

Cryptomeria Japonica ◽

Wood Quality ◽

Microfibril Angle ◽

Basic Density ◽

Ring Width ◽

The Other ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Density Control ◽

Initial Spacing

Wood quality is affected by silviculture, which includes factors such as stand density control and genetics. In the present study, the effects of initial spacing on the general wood quality and lumber quality of sugi wood (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) were examined. Logs of 35-year-old sugi were cut from four stands with different initial spacing (A: 2.6 by 2.6 m, 1,500 trees/ha; B: 1.8 by 1.8 m, 3,000 trees/ha; C: 1.3 by 1.3 m, 6,000 trees/ha; D: 1.0 by 1.0 m, 10,000 trees/ha). Trees from stand A showed significantly larger values in annual ring width than trees from the other stands. However, there were no significant differences in the wood basic density, the length of latewood tracheids, and the microfibril angle of the S2 layer among stands. On the other hand, initial spacing affected the lumber quality. The average diameter of knots was significantly larger in stand A than in the other stands. In addition, the dynamic Young's modulus, the modulus of rupture, and the modulus of elasticity in static bending increased with the decrease in the initial spacing from 2.6 by 2.6 m to 1.3 by 1.3 m.

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Characterization of alternative splicing events and prognostic signatures in breast cancer

BMC Cancer ◽

10.1186/s12885-021-08305-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Pihua Han ◽

Jingjun Zhu ◽

Guang Feng ◽

Zizhang Wang ◽

Yanni Ding

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Alternative Splicing ◽

Proportional Hazards ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Original Data ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Prognostic Indicators ◽

Splicing Factors ◽

Rna Seq

Abstract Background Breast cancer (BRCA) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Abnormal alternative splicing (AS) frequently observed in cancers. This study aims to demonstrate AS events and signatures that might serve as prognostic indicators for BRCA. Methods Original data for all seven types of splice events were obtained from TCGA SpliceSeq database. RNA-seq and clinical data of BRCA cohorts were downloaded from TCGA database. Survival-associated AS events in BRCA were analyzed by univariate COX proportional hazards regression model. Prognostic signatures were constructed for prognosis prediction in patients with BRCA based on survival-associated AS events. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to measure the correlation between the expression of splicing factors (SFs) and the percent spliced in (PSI) values of AS events. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were conducted to demonstrate pathways in which survival-associated AS event is enriched. Results A total of 45,421 AS events in 21,232 genes were identified. Among them, 1121 AS events in 931 genes significantly correlated with survival for BRCA. The established AS prognostic signatures of seven types could accurately predict BRCA prognosis. The comprehensive AS signature could serve as independent prognostic factor for BRCA. A SF-AS regulatory network was therefore established based on the correlation between the expression levels of SFs and PSI values of AS events. Conclusions This study revealed survival-associated AS events and signatures that may help predict the survival outcomes of patients with BRCA. Additionally, the constructed SF-AS networks in BRCA can reveal the underlying regulatory mechanisms in BRCA.

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Behavior of xylans from the Eucalyptus species. Part 2. Characterization of 4-O-methylglucuronoxylans isolated from black liquors of kraft pulping of Eucalyptus grandis and E. urophylla

Holzforschung ◽

10.1515/hf-2012-0035 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 67 (2) ◽

pp. 123-128

Author(s):

Andréia S. Magaton ◽

Teresa Cristina F. Silva ◽

Jorge Luiz Colodette ◽

Dorila Piló-Veloso ◽

Flaviana Reis Milagres ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Average Molecular Weight ◽

Eucalyptus Grandis ◽

Kraft Pulping ◽

Raw Material ◽

Size Exclusion ◽

Eucalyptus Species ◽

Exclusion Chromatography ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Black Liquors

Abstract 4-O-methylglucuronoxylans isolated from Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus urophylla kraft black liquors (KBLs) were chemically characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Doses of alkali charge, expressed as active alkali (AA), were 16, 17, and 18% while the sulfidity was kept at 25%. Kappa numbers of 19.1, 17.5, and 16.1 for E. grandis and 20.4, 16.8, and 15.4 for E. urophylla were obtained. At higher alkali charges, the recovery of xylans from the KBLs was lower and the degree of substitution of xylans with uronic acids decreased. The average molecular weight (Mw) of the recovered xylans was greater under conditions of mild pulping, i.e., in the case of pulps with higher kappa numbers. Mw of xylans ranged from 16.1 to 19.1 kDa for E. grandis and from 15.4 to 20.4 kDa for E. urophylla. The xylans from KBL may be useful as pulp modifying agents or as a raw material for advanced applications.

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Soybean waste in particleboard production

Ciência e Agrotecnologia ◽

10.1590/1413-70542018422015817 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 186-194 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Evelyn Hoffmamm Martins ◽

Alan Pereira Vilela ◽

Rafael Farinassi Mendes ◽

Lourival Marin Mendes ◽

Lívia Elisabeth Vasconcellos de Siqueira Brandão Vaz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Absorption ◽

Water Immersion ◽

Eucalyptus Grandis ◽

Raw Material ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

High Yield ◽

Thickness Swelling ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Hybrid Eucalyptus

ABSTRACT Brazil is the second largest soybean producer in the world, with a yield of around 96.2 million tons per crop. This high yield leads to a great amount of waste resulting from soybean cultivation, which can reach approximately 41 million tons of waste per year. This material has lignocellulosic properties, which may enable its use as a raw material for particleboard production. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the use of soybean pods in particleboard production. For particleboard manufacture, wood of the hybrid Eucalyptus urophylla and Eucalyptus grandis was used, added with soybean pods, at proportions of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. For particleboard evaluation, a completely randomized design was used, with five treatments and three replicates, using linear regression and the Scott-Knott test at 5% significance for comparison among the different treatments. The properties apparent density, compaction ratio, water absorption after 2 and 24 hours, thickness swelling after 2 and 24 hours in water immersion, internal bonding, modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity in bending properties were evaluated. The ratio soybean pod waste and eucalyptus particles in the panels led to an increase in water absorption values and thickness swelling, in addition to a decrease in mechanical properties. The production of panels with approximately 23% soybean pods is feasible.

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Responses of radial growth, wood density and fiber traits to planting space in poplar plantations at a lowland site

Journal of Forestry Research ◽

10.1007/s11676-021-01382-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yanhua Zhang ◽

Shengzuo Fang ◽

Ye Tian ◽

Linlin Wang ◽

Yi Lv

Keyword(s):

Tree Ring ◽

Radial Growth ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Wood Fiber ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Basic Density ◽

Ring Width ◽

Tree Ring Width ◽

Wood Basic Density ◽

Fiber Traits

AbstractPoplar is raw material for various panel, paper and fiber products. The 12 sample trees of clone Nanlin-895 from four spacings were destructively harvested after thirteen growing seasons to assess the influence of spacing on radial growth and wood properties. Spacing significantly affected tree-ring width and wood basic density (p < 0.05) but not fiber traits. The highest diameter and wood basic density at breast height (1.3 m) was in 6 m × 6 m and 3 m × 8 m spacings, respectively. However, no significant differences in tree-ring width, wood basic density and fiber traits were observed among the four sampling directions in discs taken at 1.3 m for each spacing. Growth rings from the pith and tree heights had significant effects on wood basic density and fiber anatomical characteristics, highlighting obvious temporal-spatial variations. Pearson correlation analysis showed a significantly negative relationship of tree-ring width to wood basic density, fiber length and fiber width, but a significantly positive relationship to hemicellulose. There was no relationship with cellulose and lignin contents. Based on a comprehensive assessment by the TOPSIS method, the 6 m × 6 m spacing is recommended for producing wood fiber at similar sites in the future.

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Color variability and relationship with basic density and extractive content of Calycophyllum spruceanum wood

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v49i4.59374 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 803 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sandra Bezerra da Silva ◽

Jaily Kerller Batista de Andrade ◽

Marina Donária Chaves Arantes ◽

João Gabriel Missia da Silva ◽

Victor Fassina Brocco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Basic Density ◽

Radial Position ◽

Extractive Content ◽

Technical Standards ◽

Wood Color ◽

Lack Of Information ◽

End Use ◽

Cutting Height

There are reports relating color to extractives, however there is a lack of information about the effect of other characteristics on the colorimetry of wood. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the longitudinal and radial variability of color and its relationship with the basic density and extractive contents of Calycophyllum spruceanum wood from a six-year-old plantation located in Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. The determination and assessment of the wood color were carried out by the Commission Internationale de L’Éclairage - CIE-L*a*b* system. The basic density and extractive contents were determined according to current technical standards. The species wood color was classified as yellowish olive. The highest and lowest lightness (L*) were longitudinally observed in the base (cutting height) and diameter at breast height (DBH), taken at 1.30 m from the ground. In relation to radial position, the lightness (L*) was lower in peripheral regions of the trunk. Higher concentrations of redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) and saturation (C) occurred along the DBH and the external radial position. In evaluating age, the extractive contents were not correlated to the wood color, while the basic density was correlated with a*, b*, C and h* colorimetric parameters. The colorimetric characterization of this specie contributes to its proper identification and a more homogeneous classification of lumber, and can be used from the log break-down (sawing) to its end use, adding commercial value to the wood.

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Adhesivity of Bio-Based Anhydrous Citric Acid, Tannin-Citric Acid and Ricinoleic Acid in the Properties of Formaldehyde-Free Medium Density Particleboard (MDP)

Drvna industrija ◽

10.5552/drvind.2020.1917 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 71 (3) ◽

pp. 235-242

Author(s):

Divino Eterno Teixeira ◽

Danielle do Carmo Pereira ◽

Ana Paula Diniz Nakamura ◽

Sarah Silva Brum

Keyword(s):

Citric Acid ◽

Ricinoleic Acid ◽

Eucalyptus Grandis ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Medium Density ◽

Free Medium ◽

Static Modulus ◽

Wood Particles ◽

Static Modulus Of Elasticity ◽

Esterification Reactions

Particles of flooded gum (Eucalyptus grandis) were bonded using three bio-based adhesives - anhydrous citric acid (CA), tannin-citric acid (TCA) and ricinoleic acid (RA) - from renewable sources and hot pressed to produce medium density particleboard (MDP). The bonding capacity of such adhesives and properties of the MDP were evaluated and compared to the requirements of seven grades of particleboards, according to the EN 312 (2010) standard. The RA did not create adhesion reaction with the wood particles. Adhesives formulated with CA and TCA presented capacity to bond eucalyptus particles into MDP confirmed by esterification reactions of the FTIRS analysis. MDP bonded with CA met requirements as high as grade P5 of the EN 312 (2010) standard for static modulus of elasticity (MOE) and internal bond (IB) and P2 for modulus of rupture (MOR). Panels bonded with TCA met requirements up to grade P3 for MOE, however, did not withstand water absorption.

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