scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF PLANT SPACING ON THE BARK PROPERTIES OF A Eucalyptus CLONE

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Fernanda Vieira Rocha ◽  
Bárbara Luísa Corradi Pereira ◽  
Aylson Costa Oliveira ◽  
Matheus Felipe Freire Pego ◽  
Taís Regina Lima Abreu Veiga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Gross Calorific Value ◽  
Pulp Paper ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Eucalyptus Clone

ABSTRACT For several wood uses, such as pulp, paper and charcoal, the presence of the bark is undesirable, compromising production. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of different plant spacings on the properties of the bark of a clone of Eucalyptus grandis x E. camaldulensis at seven years of age at five different plant spacings. The wood discs were removed from the trees at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the commercial height; then we performed thickness, basic density, gross calorific value and mineral content analysis of bark. There were no significant differences among treatments for the bark gross calorific value and thickness. For the bark basic density, the highest values were found in trees planted in wider plant spacings and considering the mineral content, there was a significant difference only for P, Mn and Zn.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF PLANTING AGE AND SPACING ON ENERGY PROPERTIES OF Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill EX Maiden

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elder Eloy ◽  
Dimas Agostinho da Silva ◽  
Denise Schmidt ◽  
Rômulo Trevisan ◽  
Braulio Otomar Caron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Volatile Material ◽  
Gross Calorific Value ◽  
Energy Productivity ◽  
Fixed Carbon Content

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the effect of planting age and spacing on energy properties of different compartments of the biomass of Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden, disseminated in different spacings: 2.0 x 1.0 m, 2.0 x 1.5 m, 3.0 x 1.0 m e 3.0 x 1.5 m, in the 1st, 3rd and 5th year after the planting. The present study was carried out as an experiment installed in an experimental design of randomized complete blocks in three replications. Variables determined were Biomass (BIO), Gross Calorific Value (GCV), Basic Density (BD), Energy Productivity (EP), Energy Density (ED), Fixed Carbon Content (FCC), Volatile Material Content (VMC), and Ash Content (AC). Ages have an effect on all studied variables, and in the 5th year after planting, the largest BIO, EP, BD, ED and FCC values are checked. The planting spacings induce different productions of BIO and EP, with a trend towards lower values with increasing planting spacing in all assessed periods. The compartments of trees influence BIO, GCV, FCC, VMC and AC variables. Regarding to energy, the higher the age and lower the planting spacing, the better the energy properties of biomass.

scholarly journals PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZATION AND HARVEST INTERVALS INFLUENCE ENERGETIC AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF BRIQUETTES AND LARGE BRANCHES OF MATE

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Delmar Santin ◽  
Marcelino Breguez Gonçalves Sobrinho ◽  
Angélica de Cássia Oliveira Carneiro ◽  
Eliziane Luiza Benedetti ◽  
Nairam Félix de Barros
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Gross Calorific Value ◽  
Energetic Properties ◽  
Harvest Intervals

ABSTRACT In mate crop, the commercial part consists of leaves and thin branches, while the large branches (LB) are considered unused residues and left in the field, although they may have potential for use as energy. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the influence of phosphorus fertilization and harvest interval in productivity of mate large branches and in their physical and energetic properties, as well as in derived briquettes. In a seven-year-old plantation, doses of 0, 20, 40, 80, 160 and 320 kg.ha-1 of P2O5 were applied considering harvest intervals of 12, 18 and 24 months. Dry mass, average diameter, P content, and physical and energetic properties of LB were determined. With LB, after its transformation into particles and briquetting, physical and energetic properties were determined, as well as P availability in soil. The phosphorus fertilization increased LB productivity in larger harvest intervals, increasing the amount of energy produced per unit of area, but did not change basic density and gross calorific value of wood. Mate harvest intervals did not affect the apparent density and calorific value of briquettes produced by LB. LB harvested at intervals of 18 and 24 months produced wood with higher basic density and gross calorific value. LB or briquettes have adequate energetic and physical properties, being technically a plant residue with great potential for use as energy.

scholarly journals QUALITY OF Eucalyptus urograndis CHARCOAL PRODUCED IN THE SOUTHERN REGION OF TOCANTINS

FLORESTA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 691
Author(s):  
Raquel Marchesan ◽  
Daniela Mendonça ◽  
Ana Carolina Caixeta Dias ◽  
Renata Carvalho da Silva ◽  
José Fernando Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heating Rate ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Tree Plantation ◽  
Final Temperature ◽  
Good Energy ◽  
Eucalyptus Urograndis

The objective of this work was to determine the quality of the Eucalyptus urophilla x Eucalyptus grandis clone charcoal, defining the basic density and wood retractability, apparent density, breaking index, charcoal yield, condensable and non-condensable gas yield, AQI and calorific values, comparing the results of different trunk positions and in two different heating ramps, ramp 1 (R1) with a heating rate of 1.25 ºC/min, final temperature of 450ºC and total of 6 hours, and ramp 2 (R2) with a heating rate of 1.19 ºC/min, final temperature of 500ºC and total time of 7 hours. The six evaluated trees were from a six-year-old cloned tree plantation located in the municipality of Gurupi, in the south of Tocantins state. The specimens for the characterizations were made from wooden discs removed from three trunk positions (base, DBH, top). The Eucalyptus urograndis wood presented basic density considered average (0.47 g/cm³) and good dimensional stability. The charcoal presented an expected yield and high calorific value influenced by the final temperature of the heating ramps, high fixed carbon content, acceptable ash content, as well as a low breaking rate. The results were satisfactory and identified the species as a good energy source.

scholarly journals Effect of age and plant spacing on the energy properties of black wattle

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elder Eloy ◽  
Dimas Agostinho da Silva ◽  
Braulio Otomar Caron ◽  
Rômulo Trevisan ◽  
Rafaelo Balbinot
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Energy Productivity ◽  
Living Space ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Biomass Components ◽  
Effect Of Age

The aim of this study was to determine the effect on the energy properties of different biomass components of Acacia mearnsii De Wild distributed in different plant spacings: 2.0x1.0 m, 2.0x1.5 m, 3.0x1.0 m and 3.0x1.5 m, in the 1st, 3rd and 5th years after planting. The experiment was performed in a complete randomized block design in three replicates. The following traits were determined: biomass (BIO), gross calorific value (GCV), basic density (BD), energy productivity (EP), energy density (ED), fixed carbon content (FCC), volatile material content (VMC) and ash content (AC) of different biomass components: wood, bark, branch and leaf. The effect of age significantly influenced all variables, providing an increasing distribution of BIO, EP, BD and ED. The four plant spacings provided different yields of BIO, EP, GCV and BD and the increased spacing caused a tendency to reduce BIO and EP values in all evaluated periods. In the 5th year, even being influenced by the spacing, the BD did not present a systematic increase or decrease over the provided living space. The three components of the trees induced a significant effect on the BIO, GCV, EP, FCC, VMC and AC variables.

scholarly journals CHEMICAL AND ENERGETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla CLONES SUBJECT TO WIND DAMAGE

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio José Vinha Zanuncio ◽  
Amélia Guimarães Carvalho ◽  
Angelica de Cassia Oliveira Carneiro ◽  
Jorge Luiz Colodette ◽  
Maria Fernanda Vieira Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Wind Damage ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
Energetic Characterization ◽  
G Ratio

ABSTRACT Wind damages are common in forest plantations and the use of this wood can minimize losses. The objective was to evaluate the chemical composition and the energetic potential of wood and charcoal from trees subject to wind damage. Eight (A to H) two-years-old Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla clones were selected in a region where wind damage is frequent. The basic density, calorific value, chemical composition of wood and calorific value, immediate chemistry and gravimetric yield of charcoal were determined for all clones. Materials with high lignin content and low S/G ratio had higher gravimetric yield. The energy density of wood and charcoal showed high relationship with the basic and apparent relative density, respectively. All materials showed potential for bioenergy, but the clone E stood out with higher gravimetric yield and energy density.

scholarly journals Agro-Pellets from Oil Palm Residues/Pine Sawdust Mixtures: Relationships of Their Physical, Mechanical and Energetic Properties, with the Raw Material Chemical Structure

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 6383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artemio Carrillo-Parra ◽  
Juan Carlos Contreras-Trejo ◽  
Marín Pompa-García ◽  
Miguel Ángel Pulgarín-Gámiz ◽  
José Guadalupe Rutiaga-Quiñones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Gross Calorific Value ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Pine Sawdust ◽  
Significant Difference

The need for biomass as an alternative source for energy purposes points toward oil palm fruit residues (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) as an attractive solution. Oil palm industry residue, such as oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) composites and mesocarp fiber (PMF), have a high gross calorific value and could help countries meet their energy demands. However, information concerning physical, mechanical, and energy characteristics of agro-pellets made from mixtures of oil palm residue with pine sawdust, is not available. In this research, oil palm residues were mixed at ratios of 100:0, 80:20, 60:40, 40:60, 20:80, and 0:100 with pine sawdust, and were chemically analyzed. Agro-pellets from mixtures were tested on their physical and mechanical properties, and the relationship of these properties with the chemical composition of oil palm residue mixtures was determined. Normality distribution tests of the variables were performed using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Normal variables were analyzed through one-way ANOVA tests. When differences were found, they were validated using the Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) test and were considered statistically significant at p ≤ 0.05. Data not normally distributed were analyzed by the Kruskal–Wallis test. Bulk density, particle density, and gross calorific value of agro-pellets (from mixing 80:20 oil palm residues with pine sawdust) were statistically higher (p < 0.05) to agro-pellets of 100% oil palm residues. Adding pine sawdust to oil palm residues increases some mechanical agro-pellet properties. Addition of pine sawdust to oil palm residues acts to increase some mechanical properties of agro-pellets.

scholarly journals Potential of bamboo for energy purposes

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e40973537
Author(s):  
Fernando Rusch ◽  
Danielle de Moraes Lúcio ◽  
Rafaela Faber de Campos
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
Gross Calorific Value ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Handling Cost ◽  
Renewable Raw Material

Bamboo is a versatile, rapidly growing renewable raw material with high productivity, low handling cost, high ability to sequester atmospheric carbon and potential for energy purposes. The paper aimed to describe the potential of bamboo for energy purposes through different product alternatives. A specific literature review was carried out to tabulate data related to different energy alternatives for bamboo, considering the following questions: (i) which are the alternative bamboo products with energy potential? (ii) what are the parameters traditionally described in scientific articles? The average value of 4,396, 6,994, 4,597 and 4,530 kcal.kg-1, was found in the Gross Calorific Value (GCV) of biomass, charcoal, briquette and pellets of different bamboo species, values similar to those found for Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla hybrid wood. The data prove the potential of bamboo as a source of energy and may even replace tree species traditionally used.

scholarly journals QUALITY OF CHARCOAL FROM THREE SPECIES OF THE Eucalyptus AND THE Corymbia citriodora SPECIES PLANTED IN THE SOUTH OF TOCANTINS

FLORESTA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 1643
Author(s):  
Raquel Marchesan ◽  
Danyelly Nunes de Oliveira ◽  
Renata Carvalho da Silva ◽  
Lorrainy Azevedo de Carvalho ◽  
Rone Tavares Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
The South ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Corymbia Citriodora

We aimed to assess the quality of charcoal from three Eucalyptus and Corymbia citriodora species for energy production in the South of Tocantins state. A hybrid Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis, the species Eucalyptus urophylla, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, and Corymbia citriodora were selected for the study. In the preparation of the material, 20 specimens of each species with the dimensions of 2.0 x 2.0 x 5.0 cm were made, being ten repetitions for each carbonization gait with different final temperatures and heating rates. The basic wood density, total gravimetric yield, total yields in condensable and non-condensable gases, immediate chemical analysis, and higher calorific value were determined. Corymbia citriodora presented higher wood basic density (0.583 g/cm³) and charcoal apparent density (0.459 g/cm³). In immediate chemical analysis, Eucalyptus urophylla and Corymbia citriodora presented the best averages among all species. The calorific value ranged from 7235.97 to 7573.98 (kcal/kg), considered an acceptable value for energy production. The final carbonization temperature of 550°C is recommended, with Eucalyptus urophylla and Corymbia citriodora presenting the best averages.

Effect of planting time on the performance of broccoli under Mizoram conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
Donnie Lalfakzuala Kawlni ◽  
Chhungpuii Khawlhring
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Production ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Vegetable Crop ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cultural Requirements

Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica), a popular vegetable crop, has one of the most exacting climatic and cultural requirements, which limit its commercial production to a few favored locations. A field experiment was conducted at Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram during winter of 2013/2014 to find out the effect of time of sowing on plant performance and yield of broccoli. Six sowing time was done viz. 17 October (T1), 24 October (T2), 31 October (T3), 7 November (T4), 14 November (T5) and 21 November (T6) with plant spacing of 45cm x 45cm. Yield and yield contributing characters were significantly influenced by the planting time. Highest average weight of marketable curd per plant (199.20 g) was obtained from T2, whereas lowest average weight obtained from T6 (75 g). The influence of planting time also showed significant difference on the calculated yield (tonnes per hectare) of broccoli, in which T2 showed highest marketable yield of 9.83 t/ha.

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