scholarly journals PERMEABILIZATION, CELL WALL ULTRASTRUCTURE, AND GERMINATION OF BASIDIOSPORES OF THE ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGUS Pisolithus microcarpus TREATED WITH DIFFERENT COMMERCIAL BRANDS OF BLEACH

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merielle Angélica Martines Silvério ◽  
Jaqueline Maria do Nascimento ◽  
José Eduardo Serrão ◽  
Marcos Rogério Tótola ◽  
Maurício Dutra Costa
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Cell Wall Ultrastructure ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Germination Process ◽  
Wall Ultrastructure ◽  
Corymbia Citriodora ◽  
Cell Wall Permeability

ABSTRACT Basidiospores of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus microcarpus have an impermeable cell wall, a characteristic that is possibly related to the low germination percentages of these propagules, which makes it difficult to obtain monokaryons and use these spores in inoculants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of commercial bleach on the permeabilization of P. microcarpus basidiospores and to analyze the alterations caused in the cell wall ultrastructure and the viability and germination capacity of these propagules. Fungal basidiospores were collected in eucalyptus plantations and permeabilized using different bleach concentrations and exposure times. The basidiospores were then analyzed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The percentage of permeabilized basidiospores varied with the commercial brand, bleach concentration, and exposure time. Basidiospores of different basidiocarps differed in susceptibility to permeabilization treatment with bleach. Changes in the ultrastructure of permeabilized basidiospores were observed at bleach concentrations of 15 and 50 % for an exposure time of 40 s, with surface changes and loss of the spicules of the outermost layer of the wall. After permeabilization with 5 % bleach for 40 s, 80 % of the permeabilized spores were viable, resulting in the production of fungal colonies after 15 days of incubation of these propagules in the presence of Corymbia citriodora. However, the germination percentage obtained, 0.001 %, was similar to that of non-permeabilized basidiospores, indicating that other factors, besides cell wall permeability, are determinant for the germination process.

scholarly journals Evolution of flax cell wall ultrastructure and mechanical properties during the retting step

2019 ◽  
Vol 206 ◽  
pp. 48-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Bourmaud ◽  
David Siniscalco ◽  
Loïc Foucat ◽  
Camille Goudenhooft ◽  
Xavier Falourd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Wall Ultrastructure ◽  
Wall Ultrastructure

Wood cell wall ultrastructure The key to understanding wood properties and behaviour

IAWA Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-672
Author(s):  
Lloyd A. Donaldson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Wood Cell Wall ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Reaction Wood ◽  
Cell Wall Ultrastructure ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Wall Ultrastructure ◽  
Scale Properties

ABSTRACTIn the last 100 years, major advances have been made in understanding wood cell wall ultrastructure in tracheids, fibres, vessels and parenchyma and its relationship with xylem function and wood properties. This review will focus on how the development of imaging techniques and their application to wood cell walls has led to an understanding of cell wall organisation and the relationship between micro and macro scale properties in wood and wood-based materials. Topics such as wood formation, wood chemistry and reaction wood have recently been reviewed elsewhere and are considered only briefly in this review. Two features of wood cell walls have dominated the literature; orientation and layering of cellulose which determines the longitudinal stiffness of wood, and the distribution (topochemistry) of lignin which determines compression strength and pulping properties.

Cell wall architecture of Physcomitrella patens is revealed by atomic force microscopy

Botany ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haley D.M. Wyatt ◽  
Neil W. Ashton ◽  
Tanya E.S. Dahms
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Physcomitrella Patens ◽  
Surface Ultrastructure ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Cell Wall Ultrastructure ◽  
Detailed Surface ◽  
Wall Ultrastructure ◽  
Cell Wall Development

The moss Physcomitrella patens (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. in B.S.G. serves as a nonvascular plant model system suitable for studying many plant developmental phenomena. The tip-growing filamentous protonemal stage of its life cycle exhibits polarized growth and various tropic responses. Conventional staining and light microscopy (LM) were used to provide the first direct evidence that protonemal cells of P. patens lack a cuticle. Atomic force microscopy (ATM) images reveal detailed surface structures identified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The cell wall ultrastructure is characterized by rounded protrusions that are uniformly distributed along each caulonemal filament, and longer fibrillar structures, which are disorganized at the apex, but become oriented in longitudinal arrays parallel to the growth axis in more proximal regions of caulonemal apical cells. The subapical cells are characterized by a polylamellated texture. There was no difference in gross surface ultrastructure between light-grown and dark-grown filaments, but the dimensions of the rounded protrusions at the apices of caulonemata cultured in the light and in darkness were significantly different. The convex and concave cell wall surfaces of a curved, gravitropically responding dark-grown caulonema appear structurally different. This investigation is the first to use AFM to probe the cell wall ultrastructure of a bryophyte. The data further elaborate a simple model of cell wall development in the caulonemata of P. patens that was proposed for other tip-growing filamentous plants.

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