scholarly journals Insecticidal and growth inhibiting action of the supercritical extracts of Melia azedarach on Spodoptera frugiperda

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 866-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaqueline Scapinello ◽  
José V. de Oliveira ◽  
Luis A. Chiaradia ◽  
Osmar Tomazelli Junior ◽  
Rivaldo Niero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Growth Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Extraction Unit ◽  
Morphological Deformities ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

This study evaluates the effects of supercritical carbon dioxide extracts obtained from the fruit of Melia azedarach L. (Meliaceae) on the development of Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith, 1797 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), from the larval period until the insect adulthood. For this purpose, a laboratory-scale extraction unit was operated at 60 °C and 200 bar. Larval mortality increased by raising the extract concentration tested: the value of LC50 calculated by Probit analysis was 376.74 mg kg-1, and at a concentration of 5000 mg kg-1, the mortality was 100%. The extract exhibited insect growth inhibitory activity in the higher concentrations (500 mg kg-1, 1000 mg kg-1 and 5000 mg kg-1), due to antifeedant action, resulting in larvae and pupae with mass and body length significantly smaller than the control. At the lowest concentration tested (100 mg kg-1), bioactive effects from the adult stage of the insect were observed, with low viability pupal and adults presenting morphological deformities, hence indicating chronic toxicity effect.

scholarly journals Eficiência de produtos vegetais no controle da lagarta-do-cartucho-do-milho Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E.Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 326-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Souza Silva Oliveira ◽  
Antonia Railda Roel ◽  
Eduardo José Arruda ◽  
Ana Souza Marques
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Quassia Amara

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a eficiência de produtos vegetais no controle de Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E.Smith, 1797) na cultura do milho. Os experimentos foram instalados, nos anos de 2002 e 2004, com a pulverização dos produtos vegetais em cinco tratamentos, e quatro repetições. No ano de 2002, os produtos testados foram: Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (extrato aquoso 2%), e óleo a 1%; Melia azedarach L. (extrato aquoso 2%); Quassia amara L. (extrato aquoso 2%); óleo de nim, Azadirachta indica 1 e 2%. No ano de 2004, os produtos testados foram: A. indica (extrato aquoso 5%), e óleo a 2%, M. azedarach (extrato aquoso 5%), Trichilia pallida Sw. (extrato aquoso 5%). As avaliações, porcentagem de infestação da lagarta-do-cartucho por parcela, foram efetuadas aos três, sete e dez dias após a pulverização dos extratos. Conclui-se que extratos aquosos das plantas A. indica 2%, T.pallida 5%, Q. amara 2% e M. azedarach 2% e 5% e óleo de A. indica 1% e 2% com adição de tenso ativo não iônico, não possuem eficiência necessária como único método de controle da largarta-do-cartucho S. frugiperda em condições de campo. Os produtos começam a afetar o desenvolvimento da lagarta após alguns dias da ingestão das folhas pulverizadas, observado na avaliação efetuada aos sete dias após a aplicação dos extratos.

scholarly journals Biological Activity of Phytochemicals from Agricultural Wastes and Weeds on Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 13896
Author(s):  
Analleli Jiménez-Durán ◽  
Josefina Barrera-Cortés ◽  
Laura Patricia Lina-García ◽  
Rosa Santillan ◽  
Ramón Marcos Soto-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Cedrela Odorata ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a polyphagous insect pest native to America. Due to its capacity for adaptation and migration, it is currently located in Africa, Asia, and Oceania, where it threatens agricultural crops. The ability of S. frugiperda to develop resistance to insecticides is one of the reasons for the continuous search for more effective, low-cost, and environmentally friendly control products. In the present work, the insecticidal activity of ethanolic and hexane extracts obtained from fresh and dehydrated leaves of Piper auritum Kunth (Piperales: Piperaceae), Piper umbellatum L. (Piperales: Piperaceae), and Cedrela odorata L. (Sapindales: Meliaceae) was studied against first instar larvae of S. frugiperda. The ethanolic extracts of the dehydrated leaves of C. odorata and P. auritum presented insecticidal activity as high (100% mortality at a concentration of 92 mg/cm2) as that obtained with the positive control, Melia azedarach L. (Sapindales: Meliaceae). The GC-MS analysis of the extracts revealed the presence of phytochemicals classified mainly into the groups of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, phenylpropanoids, alcohols, and fatty acids. P. auritum grows and propagates rapidly. In addition, due to its low toxicity in mammals and non-target insects, it is a plant with the potential to be used as a botanical insecticide. The exposure of S. frugiperda larvae to low concentrations of ethanolic extract of P. auritum allowed us to observe their biological activity in the development of this insect. The LC50 was 22.1 mg/cm2. At sublethal concentrations (LC21 and LC35) the low fertility of the emerging adults was noticeable.

scholarly journals Resistensi populasai hama bawang merah Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) terhadap klorfluazuron

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Abdi Negara
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Diet ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Spodoptera Exigua ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Training And Development ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Resistance of Onion Pest Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Populations to Chlorfluazuron. The research was conducted from August 2001 until April 2002 in the Kalitiro Agriculture Training and Development Research Station, Gadjah Mada University. The objective of research was to determine the resistance level of Spodoptera exigua populations collected from the district of Sanden, Kretek, Wates, Temon, Panjatan, Wonosari, Panggang and Playen (all are in Yogyakarta Province) to chlorfluazuron insecticide. Research was conducted by dipping artificial diet about 30 seconds in insecticide solution and there are used test two hours after they were air dried. Based on the preliminary test, different concentrations were tested to determine the toxicity of the insecticide to each population. Third instar larvae (five days old) of the first generation were used in bioassays. Each larvae with its artificial diet was placed in a plastic cup (diameter 3,5 cm). Larval mortality was recorded at 72 hours after exposure. Data was analyzed using probit analysis to determine LC50 values. The result showed that the LC50 values of chlorfluazuron againsts eight population of S. exigua at 72 hours after exposure varied from 16,10 ppm (Panggang) to 84,76 ppm (Panjatan). The results suggested that all populations from Panggang, Playen, Kretek, Sanden, Wates, Wonosari and Temon were still susceptible to chlorfluazuron. Population from Panjatan indicated to be resistant to chlorfluazuron.

Evaluation of Corn Hybrids Expressing CrylF (Herculex® I Insect Protection) Against Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the Southern United States

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Willrich Siebert ◽  
Kelly V. Tindall ◽  
B. Rogers Leonard ◽  
John W. Van Duyn ◽  
Jonathan M. Babcock
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Insecticidal Crystal Protein ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Field Plots ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Efficacy of two insect-resistant corn hybrids expressing the Cry1 F insecticidal crystal protein of Bacillus thuringiensis var. aizawai Berliner (transformation event TC1507) was evaluated against fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), in three southern U.S. locations. Larval susceptibility was evaluated on CrylF and nonBt field corn, Zea mays L., plants (V3–V12 and R1–R2 stages) in field plots and laboratory studies. Leaf-feeding injury was significantly less and plant height was significantly greater for hybrids containing Cry1 F as compared with nonBt corn hybrids when exposed to natural or artificial fall armyworm infestations. In addition, larval mortality was significantly greater on CrylF corn hybrids compared with that on nonBt hybrids. These results demonstrate that corn hybrids containing CrylF represent an effective plant incorporated insecticidal protein management option for fall armyworm. In environments where fall armyworm may exceed damage thresholds and have to be carefully managed with foliar sprays, utilization of CrylF corn hybrids will allow growers flexibility in planting and an efficient means for managing infestations.

Acetylcholinesterase and Insect Growth Inhibitory Activities of Gutierrezia microcephala on Fall Army worm Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith

2001 ◽  
Vol 56 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 382-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
José S. Calderón ◽  
Carlos L. Céspedes ◽  
Rosaura Rosas ◽  
Federico Gómez-Garibay ◽  
Juan R. Salazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Insect Growth Regulator ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition ◽  
Insect Growth ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Hexane Extracts ◽  
Inhibitory Activities

From the aerial parts of Gutierrezia microcephala (Asteraceae), four oxyflavones were isolated, namely 5,7,2′-trihydroxy-3,6,8,4′,5′-pentamethoxyflavone (1); 5,7,4′-trihydroxy-3,6,8-trimethoxyflavone (2); 5,7,2′,4′-tetrahydroxy-3,6,8,5′-tetramethoxyflavone (3); 5,2′-dihydroxy- 3,6,7,8,4′,5′-hexamethoxyflavone (4), and an ent-clerodane, bacchabolivic acid (5). Compounds 1-5, the synthetic methyl ester (6 ), n-hexane and MeOH extracts were evaluated against the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda). Gedunin, a known insect growth regulator isolated from Cedrela spp. was used as a positive control. When tested for activity on neonate larvae into the no-choice artificial diet bioassay, flavone (1), clerodane (5), its methyl ester (6), MeOH and n-hexane extracts caused significant larval mortality with MC50 of 3.9, 10.7, 3.46. 7.95 and 7.5 ppm at 7 days, respectively, as well as growth reduction. They also increased the development time of surviving larvae and a significant delay in time to pupation and adult emergence. Acute toxicity against adults of S. frugiperda was also found, 5, 6 , gedunin and n-hexane extract had the most potent activity with LD50 value of 6.59, 15.05, 10.78, and 12.79 ppm, respectively. In addition, MeOH, n-hexane extracts, 5, 6 and gedunin caused acetylcholinesterase inhibition with 93.7,100,90.2,62.0 and 100% at 50.0 ppm, respectively; whereas 1-4 exhibited only moderate inhibitory activity. Compounds 1,5 and 6 showed inhibitory activities comparable with gedunin. These compounds could be responsible of the insect growth inhibitory activity of this plant.

scholarly journals Biologia de Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) em Algodoeiro de Fibra Colorida Tratado com Silício

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Antônio Silva ◽  
Roberta Alvarenga ◽  
Jair Campos Moraes ◽  
Eliana Alcantra
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Gender Ratio ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Cotton Plants ◽  
Colored Cotton ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

A lagarta Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) é praga-chave da cultura do milho e a cada ano sua ocorrência na cultura algodoeira têm aumentado, causando danos severos desde a fase de plântula até a maturação. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito do silício na biologia de S. frugiperda em algodoeiro de fibra branca e colorida. Os bioensaios foram conduzidos com duas cultivares de algodão, a BRS Cedro (fibras brancas) e BRS Verde (fibras verdes), com e sem aplicação de silício. O silício foi aplicado como solução de ácido silícico a 1 %, na dosagem equivalente a 3 t/ha de SiO2. Avaliaram-se os seguintes parâmetros biológicos: mortalidade larval, duração da fase larval e pupal, viabilidade de pupa, peso das pupas, razão sexual, longevidade dos adultos, machos e fêmeas e o número de ovos/fêmea. Verificou-se que a aplicação de silício aumentou apenas a mortalidade de lagartas alimentadas com folhas da BRS Cedro, não demonstrando nenhum efeito nas lagartas quando aplicado na BRS Verde. Além disso, na cultivar BRS Cedro, em comparação com a cultivar BRS Verde, houve menor peso de pupa e menor produção de ovos/fêmea. Biology of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Colored Cotton Treated with Silicon Abstract. The caterpillar Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) is a key pest of the corn culture and each year its occurrence in the cotton culture has increased, causing severe damage from the seedling phase to maturation. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the silicon on the biology of S. frugiperda in white and colored fiber cotton plants. The bioassays were conducted with two cultivars of cotton, BRS Cedro (white fibers) and BRS Verde (green fibers), with and without silicon application. The silicon was applied as a solution of 1% silicon acid, at a dosage equivalent to 3 ton/ha of SiO2. The following biological parameters were evaluated: larval mortality, duration of the larval and pupal phase, pupal viability, pupal weight, gender ratio, adult longevity of males and females and the number of eggs/female. It was verified that the silicon application only increased the mortality of caterpillars fed with BRS Cedro leaves, not demonstrating any effect on the caterpillars when applied on BRS Verde. Furthermore, the BRS Cedro cultivar, when compared to the BRS Verde cultivar, presented a lower pupal weight and a lower eggs/female production.

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