scholarly journals Chemical attributes and microbial activity of soil cultivated with cassava under different cover crops

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 614-619
Author(s):  
Fernando S. Araújo ◽  
Josué R. Barroso ◽  
Lucas de O. Freitas ◽  
Mauro S. Teodoro ◽  
Zigomar M. de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Basal Respiration ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Chemical Attributes ◽  
Cassava Crop

ABSTRACT Conservationist systems of crop management increases the amount of substrate, alters fertility and increases soil biological activity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of soil management systems on the chemical attributes and microbial activity of soil under cassava crop. The experiment was set as completely randomized design in a factorial scheme of 2 x 3 x 2, being two systems of cultivation (minimum with only mown; minimum with mown and incorporation), three types of soil coverage (fallow; Crotalaria juncea L.; Canavalia ensiformis L.) and two soil depths (0-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m), with four repetitions. The production of dry mass from cover crops, the soil chemical attributes and the soil microbial activity were evaluated. There were no differences between management systems, and the C. juncea cover crop presented superior dry mass production among the soil coverages. The concentrations of soil Ca and K were greater in the fallow coverage and C. juncea areas in the 0-0.10 m soil layer; however, these nutrients differ in the soil layer below (0.10-0.20 m). There were no differences for the basal respiration of soil microorganisms in both soil depths or among soil coverage, but the carbon from microbial biomass was superior in the most superficial soil layer where more substrate is available to soil microorganisms.

scholarly journals Response of soil microbiota to nine-year application of swine manure and urea

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Morales ◽  
Mónica Machado Vargas ◽  
Michele Pottes de Oliveira ◽  
Bruna Lunarde Taffe ◽  
Jucinei Comin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Basal Respiration ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Tillage System

ABSTRACT: Manure fertilization is a common practice, but little is known about its impacts on soil microbial activity and organic matter. Aiming to evaluate soil microbial response to nine years of successive applications of swine manure, organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), pH, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), basal respiration (BR), metabolic quotient (qCO2), and enzyme (ß-glucosidase, phosphatase, arylsulphatase, and FDA) activities were measured in the 0-10cm soil layer, in a no-tillage system. Treatments were: control soil without fertilization (C), and application of two doses (104 and 209kg of N ha-1year-1) of urea (U1 and U2), pig slurry (PS1 and PS2) and deep litter (DL1 and DL2). TOC, TN, soil pH, MBC, and BR increased in soil fertilized with DL, and were lower in U treatments. Soils with U and DL application had higher qCO2, related to different sources of stressors like nutrient imbalance. Phosphatase and ß-glucosidase activities were not affected by treatments, increased with time, and had a strong correlation with MBC. We conclude that long-term swine manure applications increase microbial activity and soil organic matter, mainly in DL form; while urea applications have negative impacts on these indicators.

scholarly journals Emission of CO2 and soil microbial activity in sugarcane management systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 975-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiza Moraes Tavares Rose ◽  
Viana Vieira Farhate Camila ◽  
Menezes de Souza Zigomar ◽  
La Scala Junior Newton ◽  
Luiz Rodrigues Torres Jose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Soil Microbial

Soil Microbial and Enzyme Properties as Affected by Long-Term Exposure to Phthalate Esters

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 3653-3656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Lun Chen ◽  
Jun Yao ◽  
Fei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Phthalate Esters ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Dioctyl Phthalate ◽  
Dimethyl Phthalate ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Long Term Impact

In this study, an isothermal microcalorimetry was used to demonstrate the long-term impact of dimethyl phthalate (DMP), dipropyl phthalate (DBP), dioctyl phthalate (DOP) and dicyclohexyl phthalate (DEHP) on the soil microbial activity. Generally, the toxicity order of four phthalate esters (PAEs) is DBP>DMP>DOP>DEHP. The PAEs show inhibitory effect when the soil was exposed to PAEs for 10 days and the PAEs will have a small stimulate effect after 30 days, and then the PAEs inhibit the soil microorganisms again. The effect of PAEs on soil microbial activity is almost the same as those on urease activity.

scholarly journals Effect of nitrogen fertilization on maize yield responses to soil microbial activity and root length density in the North China Plain

2021 ◽  
Vol 237 ◽  
pp. 01042
Author(s):  
Qiuhua Li ◽  
Jingjing Sun ◽  
Jun Yao ◽  
Qunhui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
The North ◽  
N Fertilizer Rate

A maize field experiment in the North China Plain was conducted to understand the effect of different N fertilizer rate on the yield of maize, using soil microbial activity and root length density (RLD) as performance parameters, due to their possibility to enhance productivity. The four N fertilizer rates were 0 (N0), 120 (N120), 210 (N210) and 300 (N300) kg N hm-2. The results indicated that nitrogen (N) fertilizer had a significant influence not only on yield (p<0.05), but also on root length density (p<0.05) and soil microbial activity (p<0.05). In addition, the soil microbial activity and RLD were significantly related with maize yield. RLD differences were generally evident within the 100 cm soil layer, whereas there was no difference in the deeper soil under different N treatments. The most RLD concentrated in 0-60cm soil layer under N0, N120 and in 0-90cm soil layer under N210, N300. The microbial growth rate constant (k) was greater in N210 than other treatments. Generally, N fertilizer application can stimulate root growth and microbial activity, meanwhile, they can interact with each other, heighten the availability of N fertilizer in soil, thus enhanced yield of maize. According to our study, 210 kg N hm-2 was the optimum N fertilizer rate to achieve maximum yield and sustain the soil productivity.

Effects of probiotics on soil microbial activity, biomass and enzymatic activity under cover crops in field and greenhouse studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 811-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahsan M. Rajper ◽  
Ranjith P. Udawatta ◽  
Robert J. Kremer ◽  
Chung-ho Lin ◽  
Shibu Jose
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Microbial

scholarly journals Microbial activity in soil with onion grown in a no-tillage system with single or intercropped cover crops

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique Souza ◽  
Mónica María Machado Vargas ◽  
Bárbara Santos Ventura ◽  
Vilmar Müller Júnior ◽  
Cláudio Roberto Fonsêca Sousa Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Basal Respiration ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Fda Hydrolysis

ABSTRACT: Microbial biomass is a driving force in the dynamics of soil organic matter, and microbial activity is an indicator of soil quality in agroecosystems, reflecting changes in management practices and environmental conditions. We evaluated the effect of monoculture and intercropped winter cover crops on soil chemical attributes, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), basal respiration (BR), metabolic quotient (qCO2), urease, β-glucosidase, and fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolysis activity, as well as onion yield in a no-tillage system. Soil is a Typic Humudept, and treatments were control with spontaneous vegetation, barley, rye, oilseed radish (OR), OR + rye, and OR + barley. The soil was sampled (0-10 cm) five times between June and December. There were no differences among treatments for MBC and BR, and the highest values for those attributes occurred in June, when cover plants were in their initial stage. Although, qCO2 was not affected by any treatment, it varied among sampling periods, ranging from 0.62 to 10 µg C-CO2 mg-1 MBC h-1, indicating a low- or no stress environment. Cover crops had little influence on enzyme activity, but FDA was lowered in areas with single crops of barley and rye. Average onion yield in cover crops treatments was 13.01 (Mg ha-1), 30-40% higher than in the control treatment.

scholarly journals Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi activity in the rhizosphere of tree seedlings subjected to residual herbicides

2023 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edson Aparecido dos Santos ◽  
Uelson Sabino da Silva-Filho ◽  
Gabriela Madureira Barroso ◽  
Jordana Stein Rabelo ◽  
Edmar Isaías de Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Basal Respiration ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Schizolobium Parahyba ◽  
Four Blocks ◽  
Microbiological Indicators

Abstract Trees occurring on the margins of agricultural areas can mitigate damage from residual herbicides. Rhizospheric microbial activity associated with trees is one of the main remedial capacity indicators. The objective of this study was to evaluate the rhizospheric microbiological activity in tree species subjected to the herbicides atrazine and sulfentrazone via the rhizosphere. The experiment was designed in four blocks and a 6 × 3 factorial scheme. The first factor consisted of six tree species from Brazil and the second of atrazine, sulfentrazone, and water solutions. Four herbicide applications were performed via irrigation. The total dry mass of the plants, mycorrhizal colonization, number of spores, basal respiration of the rhizospheric soil, and survival rate of bioindicator plants after phytoremediation were determined. Trichilia hirta had higher biomass when treated with atrazine and sulfentrazone. Herbicides decreased the microbial activity in Triplaris americana and did not affect the microbiological indicators of Myrsine gardneriana, Schizolobium parahyba, and Toona ciliata. Fewer bioindicator plants survived in soil with Triplaris americana and sulfentrazone. Microbiological indicators were influenced in different ways between species by the presence of herbicides in the rhizosphere.

scholarly journals Soil physical properties and grape yield influenced by cover crops and management systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 1352-1360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaqueline Dalla Rosa ◽  
Alvaro Luiz Mafra ◽  
João Carlos Medeiros ◽  
Jackson Adriano Albuquerque ◽  
Davi José Miquelluti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Grape Yield

The use of cover crops in vineyards is a conservation practice with the purpose of reducing soil erosion and improving the soil physical quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate cover crop species and management systems on soil physical properties and grape yield. The experiment was carried out in Bento Gonçalves, RS, Southern Brazil, on a Haplic Cambisol, in a vineyard established in 1989, using White and Rose Niagara grape (Vitis labrusca L.) in a horizontal, overhead trellis system. The treatments were established in 2002, consisting of three cover crops: spontaneous species (SS), black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb) (BO), and a mixture of white clover (Trifolium repens L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and annual rye-grass (Lolium multiflorum L.) (MC). Two management systems were applied: desiccation with herbicide (D) and mechanical mowing (M). Soil under a native forest (NF) area was collected as a reference. The experimental design consisted of completely randomized blocks, with three replications. The soil physical properties in the vine rows were not influenced by cover crops and were similar to the native forest, with good quality of the soil structure. In the inter-rows, however, there was a reduction in biopores, macroporosity, total porosity and an increase in soil density, related to the compaction of the surface soil layer. The M system increased soil aggregate stability compared to the D system. The treatments affected grapevine yield only in years with excess or irregular rainfall.

scholarly journals Microbial and soil properties in restoration areas in the jequitinhonha valley, Minas Gerais

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 2199-2206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Cristina Fonseca Santos ◽  
Paulo Henrique Grazziotti ◽  
Alexandre Christófaro Silva ◽  
Aldo Vilar Trindade ◽  
Enilson de Barros Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Basal Respiration ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Cerrado Vegetation ◽  
Eucalypt Plantation

To mitigate the impacts of eucalypt monoculture, forestry companies in the Upper Jequitinhonha Valley (MG) have adopted the insertion of strips of native vegetation in-between the commercial plantations. The method used for the creation of these corridors is to allow spontaneous regrowth of native vegetation in areas previously under eucalypt. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of cover crops on microbial and soil properties for a detailed description of the restoration process of native vegetation in forest soils of the Jequitinhonha Valley. The treatments were represented by an initial restoration stage (< 4 years) with or without remaining eucalypt and the advanced restoration stage (> 4 years) with or without remaining eucalypt, plus the three controls: commercial eucalypt plantation, Cerrado vegetation and native forest. Soil samples were collected for three consecutive years in the dry and rainy season (August and February, respectively). The microbial activity, regardless of the presence of remaining eucalypt , did not differ among the restoration areas, except for the metabolic quotient (qCO2) in the rainy season of February 2007. At this time, this microbial activity was higher in the advanced restoration stage without eucalypt than initial restoration without eucalypt and advanced restoration with eucalypt. The restoration areas, in general, did not differ from the control: eucalypt plantation and Cerrado either. Compared to the forest, the levels of organic C, microbial C, basal respiration (Rbasal) and hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate (FDA) in the restoration areas were, in general, lower and did not differ in qCO2 and microbial quotient (qMIC). In general, the soil quality was similar in the initial and advanced restoration stages. Most of the soil and microbial properties in the three years indicated that the restoration areas were most similar to the Cerrado. In the advanced restoration areas without eucalypt compared to Cerrado, the lower Rbasal in the 3rd year and the lower FDA and qMIC and higher qCO2 in the 2nd year indicated that the removal of the remaining eucalypt trees was unfavorable for restoration.

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