Microbial and soil properties in restoration areas in the jequitinhonha valley, Minas Gerais

To mitigate the impacts of eucalypt monoculture, forestry companies in the Upper Jequitinhonha Valley (MG) have adopted the insertion of strips of native vegetation in-between the commercial plantations. The method used for the creation of these corridors is to allow spontaneous regrowth of native vegetation in areas previously under eucalypt. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of cover crops on microbial and soil properties for a detailed description of the restoration process of native vegetation in forest soils of the Jequitinhonha Valley. The treatments were represented by an initial restoration stage (< 4 years) with or without remaining eucalypt and the advanced restoration stage (> 4 years) with or without remaining eucalypt, plus the three controls: commercial eucalypt plantation, Cerrado vegetation and native forest. Soil samples were collected for three consecutive years in the dry and rainy season (August and February, respectively). The microbial activity, regardless of the presence of remaining eucalypt , did not differ among the restoration areas, except for the metabolic quotient (qCO2) in the rainy season of February 2007. At this time, this microbial activity was higher in the advanced restoration stage without eucalypt than initial restoration without eucalypt and advanced restoration with eucalypt. The restoration areas, in general, did not differ from the control: eucalypt plantation and Cerrado either. Compared to the forest, the levels of organic C, microbial C, basal respiration (Rbasal) and hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate (FDA) in the restoration areas were, in general, lower and did not differ in qCO2 and microbial quotient (qMIC). In general, the soil quality was similar in the initial and advanced restoration stages. Most of the soil and microbial properties in the three years indicated that the restoration areas were most similar to the Cerrado. In the advanced restoration areas without eucalypt compared to Cerrado, the lower Rbasal in the 3rd year and the lower FDA and qMIC and higher qCO2 in the 2nd year indicated that the removal of the remaining eucalypt trees was unfavorable for restoration.

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Chemical attributes and microbial activity of soil cultivated with cassava under different cover crops

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v23n8p614-619 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (8) ◽

pp. 614-619

Author(s):

Fernando S. Araújo ◽

Josué R. Barroso ◽

Lucas de O. Freitas ◽

Mauro S. Teodoro ◽

Zigomar M. de Souza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Activity ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Soil Microorganisms ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Soil Microbial Activity ◽

Basal Respiration ◽

Management Systems ◽

Chemical Attributes ◽

Cassava Crop

ABSTRACT Conservationist systems of crop management increases the amount of substrate, alters fertility and increases soil biological activity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of soil management systems on the chemical attributes and microbial activity of soil under cassava crop. The experiment was set as completely randomized design in a factorial scheme of 2 x 3 x 2, being two systems of cultivation (minimum with only mown; minimum with mown and incorporation), three types of soil coverage (fallow; Crotalaria juncea L.; Canavalia ensiformis L.) and two soil depths (0-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m), with four repetitions. The production of dry mass from cover crops, the soil chemical attributes and the soil microbial activity were evaluated. There were no differences between management systems, and the C. juncea cover crop presented superior dry mass production among the soil coverages. The concentrations of soil Ca and K were greater in the fallow coverage and C. juncea areas in the 0-0.10 m soil layer; however, these nutrients differ in the soil layer below (0.10-0.20 m). There were no differences for the basal respiration of soil microorganisms in both soil depths or among soil coverage, but the carbon from microbial biomass was superior in the most superficial soil layer where more substrate is available to soil microorganisms.

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Eucalypt plantation effects on organic carbon and aggregation of three different-textured soils in Brazil

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr11264 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 49 (7) ◽

pp. 614 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Yuri L. Zinn ◽

Rattan Lal ◽

Dimas V. S. Resck

Keyword(s):

Soil Respiration ◽

Soil Texture ◽

Strong Increase ◽

Organic C ◽

Particle Size Fractions ◽

Cerrado Vegetation ◽

Central Brazil ◽

Eucalypt Plantation ◽

Eucalypt Plantations ◽

Nitrogen Concentrations

Short-cycle (~7 years) tropical eucalypt plantations can sequester much carbon (C) in biomass, but their impact on soil organic C (SOC) varies considerably according to soil properties. Three Oxisols (sandy, loamy, and clayey) under 14-year-old eucalypt (Eucalytus camaldulensis Dehnh.) coppice stands and native cerrado vegetation were sampled to a depth of 1 m, in order to assess whether soil texture controls SOC response to afforestation in central Brazil. Both SOC concentration and stocks were proportional to contents of clay+silt to 1 m depth, with no effect of eucalypt plantation. However, there was a 40% decrease in water-stable aggregates of 2–8 mm size in all soils under eucalypt stands in the 0–0.05 m depth, which probably helped to release occluded particulate organic matter (POM) into free POM. In the 0–0.05 m depth, SOC partition throughout particle-size fractions (sand, silt, and clay) was unaltered in the loamy and clayey Oxisols, whereas in the sandy Oxisol, clay-bound SOC strongly decreased simultaneously with a strong increase in free POM. As free POM is often more susceptible to decay than clay-bound SOC, this change suggests a higher susceptibility to SOC change in sandy soils. Soil respiration in the 0–0.05 m depth was more strongly correlated with the mean weight diameter and clay+silt contents than with SOC and nitrogen concentrations, with no effect of eucalypt plantation. In conclusion, soil texture affects total SOC retention and soil respiration, with little or no effect of eucalypt plantation. However, decreased aggregation and lower POM occlusion occurred in all soils planted with eucalyptus, suggesting that SOC levels in eucalypt plantations can be better conserved with less intensive soil preparation practices, especially in coarse-textured soils.

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Microbial activity in soil with onion grown in a no-tillage system with single or intercropped cover crops

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20190849 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 (12) ◽

Author(s):

Monique Souza ◽

Mónica María Machado Vargas ◽

Bárbara Santos Ventura ◽

Vilmar Müller Júnior ◽

Cláudio Roberto Fonsêca Sousa Soares ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Biomass ◽

Microbial Activity ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Management Practices ◽

Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽

Basal Respiration ◽

Control Treatment ◽

No Tillage ◽

Tillage System ◽

Fda Hydrolysis

ABSTRACT: Microbial biomass is a driving force in the dynamics of soil organic matter, and microbial activity is an indicator of soil quality in agroecosystems, reflecting changes in management practices and environmental conditions. We evaluated the effect of monoculture and intercropped winter cover crops on soil chemical attributes, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), basal respiration (BR), metabolic quotient (qCO2), urease, β-glucosidase, and fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolysis activity, as well as onion yield in a no-tillage system. Soil is a Typic Humudept, and treatments were control with spontaneous vegetation, barley, rye, oilseed radish (OR), OR + rye, and OR + barley. The soil was sampled (0-10 cm) five times between June and December. There were no differences among treatments for MBC and BR, and the highest values for those attributes occurred in June, when cover plants were in their initial stage. Although, qCO2 was not affected by any treatment, it varied among sampling periods, ranging from 0.62 to 10 µg C-CO2 mg-1 MBC h-1, indicating a low- or no stress environment. Cover crops had little influence on enzyme activity, but FDA was lowered in areas with single crops of barley and rye. Average onion yield in cover crops treatments was 13.01 (Mg ha-1), 30-40% higher than in the control treatment.

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Soil biomass and microbial activity in soybean crop area under different cover crops and different soil correction systems

Bioscience Journal ◽

10.14393/bj-v35n6a2019-42419 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Jéssica Ferreira Diniz ◽

Cassiano Garcia Roque ◽

Monica Cristina Rezende Zuffo Borges ◽

Pedro Paulo Vilela Barros ◽

Paulo Henrique Menezes das Chagas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Biomass ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Microbial Activity ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Cover Crop ◽

Basal Respiration ◽

Double Dose ◽

Soil Biomass ◽

Red Latosol ◽

Crop Area

The objective of this work was to evaluate soil biomass and microbial activity and soybean yield under different limestone and gypsum doses and different cover crops. The experiment was carried out in the experimental area of the Fundação de Apoio a Pesquisa Agropecuária de Chapadão, on a Dystrophic Red Latosol, using cultivar Desafio. The experiment consisted of a randomized blocks design, in a split-plot factorial scheme (3x4x3), with three replications. Plots consisted of three gypsum doses: control (without gypsum), recommended dose (2.3 Mg ha-1), and double dose (4.6 Mg ha-1). Subplots consisted of four limestone doses (2, 4, and 6 Mg ha-1) and the control (without limestone). Each block had three different cover crops: Brachiaria, Millet, and allow. The values obtained with the test revealed that brachiaria had better basal respiration in the absence of gypsum. Conversely, millet had better basal respiration in with the gypsum dose. Basal respiration, using brachiaria as cover crop, was higher at the dose of 2700 kg ha-1 of limestone. However, for the fallow and the millet, basal respiration was higher when using the highest limestone dose of 6000 kg ha-1. The variable microbial biomass showed differences between cover crops only in the absence of gypsum. Brachiaria and fallow presented the highest mean for microbial biomass. The use of millet as a cover crop together with gypsum doses increased the microbial biomass. The variables mass of 100 grains and grain yield had higher mean at the limestone dose of 6000 kg ha-1 .

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Impact of land-use on soil structure and soil ecological properties in a long-term field experiment

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-9723 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Steffen Schlüter ◽

Tim Roussety ◽

Lena Rohe ◽

Vusal Guliyev ◽

Evgenia Blagodatskaya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Field Experiment ◽

Soil Properties ◽

Microbial Activity ◽

Structural Properties ◽

Soil Structure ◽

Basal Respiration ◽

Soil Functions ◽

Substrate Induced Respiration ◽

The Impact

Land use is known to exert a dominant impact on a range of essential soil functions like water retention, carbon sequestration, matter cycling and plant growth. In addition, land use management is known to have a strong influence on soil structure, e.g. through tillage and compaction. While the difference in topsoil structure between grassland and agricultural soil is huge, differences among different farming or grassland management practices can be more subtle. At the same time, soil structure is known to be a suitable indicator for many soil functions. That is, differences in carbon content or plant-available field capacity between different land uses can often be explained by different structural properties.This impact of land use on the relationship between soil structure and biological indicators for soil processes was explored in the Global Change Exploratory Facility, a well-established (>5 years) field experiment in Bad Lauchst&#228;dt, Germany, comprising five land use types (conventional farming, organic farming, intensive meadow, extensive meadow, extensive pasture). 15 intact topsoil cores were sampled from each land use type in spring 2020 and soil structure and microbial activity were measured using X-ray CT and respirometry, respectively. Microbial activity was estimated by basal respiration at field moisture and by substrate-induced respiration with glucose solution under wet conditions. The aims of this study were to (1) quantify the impact of land use on these structural and biological soil properties and (2) to assess in how far microbial activity can be predicted by the structural properties.Surprisingly, image-derived macroporosity did not differ between farming and grassland plots mainly due to the huge variability among compacted and non-compacted samples in the farming plots. Other pore metrics like pore distance and pore connectivity followed the same trend, whereas mean pore size was larger in the grassland plots due to more large biopores. Basal respiration increased in the order farming < meadow < pasture, whereas the order was reversed for substrate-induced respiration. The predictability of basal respiration (R2=0.29) and substrate-induced respiration (R2=0.5) with explanatory variables based on pore metrics and bulk soil properties was rather low, with root mass and bulk density being the best predictors.

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Density and morphological characterization of bacteria in integrated and exclusive production systems

Scientific Electronic Archives ◽

10.36560/13920201194 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

A. R. B. Zanco ◽

A. Ferreira ◽

G. C. M. Berber ◽

E. N. Gonzaga ◽

D. C. C. Sabino

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Community ◽

Rainy Season ◽

Production Systems ◽

Cropping System ◽

Morphological Characterization ◽

Native Forest ◽

Exclusive Production ◽

Colony Forming Units

The different integrated production systems can directly interfere with its bacterial community. The present study aimed to assess density, bacterial diversity and the influence of dry and rainy season in different integrated and an exclusive production system. The fallow and a native forest area was assessed to. Samples were collected in 2012 March and September. The isolation were carried out into Petri dishes containing DYGS medium. The number of colony forming units (CFU) was counted after 48 hours and. The bacterial density ranged between 106 and 107 CFU g-1 soil. The crop system affected the dynamics of the bacterial community only in the rainy season. The rainy season showed greater density of total bacteria when compared to the dry period regardless of the cropping system. The dendrograms with 80 % similarity showed thirteen and fourteen groups in the rainy and dry seasons. Isolates with the capacity to solubilize phosphate in vitro were obtained from all areas in the two seasons, but this feature has been prevalent in bacteria isolated during the rainy season

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Corrigendum to: Conservation agriculture effects on soil properties and crop productivity in a semiarid region of India

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr18145_co ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 200 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. Somasundaram ◽

M. Salikram ◽

N. K. Sinha ◽

M. Mohanty ◽

R. S. Chaudhary ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Properties ◽

Management Practices ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Conservation Agriculture ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Reduced Tillage ◽

Organic C ◽

Residue Retention

Conservation agriculture (CA) including reduced or no-tillage and crop residue retention, is known to be a self–sustainable system as well as an alternative to residue burning. The present study evaluated the effect of reduced tillage coupled with residue retention under different cropping systems on soil properties and crop yields in a Vertisol of a semiarid region of central India. Two tillage systems – conventional tillage (CT) with residue removed, and reduced tillage (RT) with residue retained – and six major cropping systems of this region were examined after 3 years of experimentation. Results demonstrated that soil moisture content, mean weight diameter, percent water stable aggregates (>0.25mm) for the 0–15cm soil layer were significantly (Pmoderately labile>less labile. At the 0–15cm depth, the contributions of moderately labile, less labile and non-labile C fractions to total organic C were 39.3%, 10.3% and 50.4% respectively in RT and corresponding values for CT were 38.9%, 11.7% and 49.4%. Significant differences in different C fractions were observed between RT and CT. Soil microbial biomass C concentration was significantly higher in RT than CT at 0–15cm depth. The maize–chickpea cropping system had significantly (P–1 followed by soybean+pigeon pea (2:1) intercropping (3.50 t ha–1) and soybean–wheat cropping systems (2.97 t ha–1). Thus, CA practices could be sustainable management practices for improving soil health and crop yields of rainfed Vertisols in these semiarid regions.

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Vegetation alters how soil properties and climate influence microbial activity and functional diversity in rhizosphere and bulk soil along an elevation gradient

Soil Biology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1016/j.soilbio.2021.108485 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 108485

Author(s):

Daniel Hernández-Cáceres ◽

Alexia Stokes ◽

Guillermo Angeles-Alvarez ◽

Josiane Abadie ◽

Fabien Anthelme ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Properties ◽

Microbial Activity ◽

Functional Diversity ◽

Elevation Gradient ◽

Bulk Soil

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Maize Production and Soil Properties Change in Alley Cropping System at Different Nitrogen Levels

The Agriculturists ◽

10.3329/agric.v7i1.5252 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 41-49

Author(s):

Md Abiar Rahman ◽

Md Giashuddin Miah ◽

Hisashi Yahata

Keyword(s):

Soil Properties ◽

Alley Cropping ◽

Cropping System ◽

Woody Species ◽

Maize Yield ◽

Similar Amount ◽

Maize Production ◽

Total N ◽

Organic C ◽

Nitrogen Levels

Productivity of maize and soil properties change under alley cropping system consisting of four woody species (Gliricidia sepium, Leucaena leucocephala, Cajanus cajan and Senna siamea) at different nitrogen levels (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of recommended rate) were studied in the floodplain ecosystem of Bangladesh. Comparative growth performance of four woody species after pruning showed that L. leucocephala attained the highest height, while C. cajan produced the maximum number of branches. Higher and almost similar amount of pruned materials (PM) were obtained from S. siamea, G. sepium and C. cajan species. In general, maize yield increased with the increase in N level irrespective of added PM. However, 100% N plus PM, 75% N plus PM and 100% N without PM (control) produced similar yields. The grain yield of maize obtained from G. sepium alley was 2.82, 4.13 and 5.81% higher over those of L. leucocephala, C. cajan and S. siamea, respectively. Across the alley, only one row of maize in the vicinity of the woody species was affected significantly. There was an increasing trend in soil properties in terms of organic C, total N and CEC in alley cropping treatments especially in G. sepium and L. leucocephala alleys compared to the initial and control soils. Therefore, one fourth chemical N fertilizer can be saved without significant yield loss in maize production in alley cropping system.

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CHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES UNDER DIFFERENT SOIL COVER

CERNE ◽

10.1590/01047760201723012228 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 19-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Elaine Novak ◽

Laércio Alves Carvalho ◽

Etenaldo Felipe Santiago ◽

Irzo Isaac Rosa Portilho

Keyword(s):

Soil Quality ◽

Private Property ◽

Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽

Principal Component ◽

Basal Respiration ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Native Vegetation ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Environmental Recovery ◽

Short Period

ABSTRACT A challenge for the environmental recovery of degraded areas is the search for soil data. In this process, the microbiological parameters and soil chemicals are potential indicators of soil quality. This study aimed to evaluate soil quality based on microbiological and chemical soil attributes in different areas involving environmental recovery, sugarcane cultivation and remnants of native vegetation located in a rural private property farm in State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, in Hapludox Eutrophic soil. The microbiological (microbial biomass carbon, basal respiration, microbial quotient and metabolic quotient) and chemical parameters (organic matter, carbon, pH, cationic exchange capacity, sum of bases, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, saturation base and potential acidity) were assessed. Data were assessed by variance and multivariate analysis (Principal Component Analysis and cluster analysis). Overall, the results showed highest alteration in the chemical and microbiological characteristics of the soil in sugarcane cultivation area in comparison with other areas. Considering the studied recovery areas, REC1, REC5 and REC7 show chemical and microbiological conditions with most similarity to native vegetation. Despite the short period of the resilience enhancement of environmental recovery areas, the development of vegetation cover and establishment of the microbial community were determined to be important factors for improving soil quality and environmental recovery in several of the areas studied.

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