scholarly journals COMPARISON OF AGGLUTINATING AND GROWTH INHIBITION ANTIBODIES LEVELS IN SOWS IMMUNIZED WITH TWO EXPERIMENTAL INACTIVATED MONOVALENT VACCINES OF CANICOLA SEROVAR: WHOLE CULTURE WITH ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE AND LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE SUBUNIT WITH LIPID A

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-205
Author(s):  
F.R.M. Soto ◽  
Á.C.B. Delbem ◽  
S.R. Pinheiro ◽  
Z.M. Morais ◽  
A.P. Gonçales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Aluminum Hydroxide ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Subunit Vaccine ◽  
Lipid A ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

ABSTRACT It was compared the antibody response of sows immunized with two experimental vaccines produced with L.interrogans, serovar Canicola, strain LO-4, isolated in Brazil.One of the vaccines was the usual bacterin (whole culture inactivated with phenol and adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide -WC-AlOH3) and the other one was a subunit vaccine produced with a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) fraction extracted from the bacteria outer envelop and with the lipid A, also extracted from the leptospira wall as adjuvant (LPS-MPLA). Experiment was as follows: group 1 (n = 11), not immunized control, group 2, (n = 11): two immunization with 30 days interval of LPS-MPLA vaccine and group 3 (n = 11): two immunization with 30 days interval of WC-AlOH3 vaccine All three groups were simultaneously immunized, independently of pregnancy stage. Both agglutinin and neutralizing post vaccination antibodies levels were measured respectively by the microscopic sera agglutination with live antigens test (MAT) and the in vitro leptospira growth inhibition test (GIT). Sera collections were performed each 30 days during four months after the first vaccination. Non vaccinated control group animals presented no agglutinating antibodies against Canicola serovar during the whole experiment. At 32 and 68 post vaccination days the agglutinating antibodies levels of group 2 (LPS-MPLA) were significantly higher than the observed in group 3 (WC AlOH3), respectively, p = 0.013 and p = 0.031. The differences observed in the growth inhibition antibodies titers of the two vaccines tested were not significant (p > 0.05). Despite the peak of post-vaccination agglutinins have been registered at 68 days after first immunization, higher levels growth inhibition antibodies were detected at 30 days of first vaccination. Subunit vaccine presented the same immunogenic capacity for the production of neutralizing antibodies as the whole culture one.

scholarly journals Chicken interferon gamma fold expression level and tracheal lesion score differences between commercial broiler chickens vaccinated with live and vectored ILT vaccines

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (08) ◽  
pp. 6287-2019
Author(s):  
TOMAS MISKINIS ◽  
MARTIN LIMAN ◽  
HENNING BISCHOFF ◽  
VIDMANTAS BIZOKAS
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lesion Score ◽  
Local Immunity ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Commercial Broiler ◽  
Infectious Laryngotracheitis ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Tracheal Lesion

Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is a respiratory tract disease affecting chickens around the world. The disease generates severe production losses due to increased mortality, decreased egg production, delayed body weight gain, and a predisposition to other respiratory pathogens causing enormous economic losses to the intensive poultry industry. Two licensed vaccines, comprising live or vectored ILT, are available to control the disease. The present trial was conducted to determine changes in chicken interferon gamma fold expression levels in chicken spleens and to evaluate tracheal lesion scores before and after vaccination with live and vectored infectious laryngotracheitis vaccines. Broilers were kept under commercial conditions until 35 days of age. Spleen and trachea samples were taken at 14, 28, and 35 days of age. Tracheas were stained with H&E, histopathology was performed, and the INF-γ fold expression level in spleen samples was analyzed. In the spleens of birds vaccinated with the live ILT vaccine, the increase in INF-γ expression levels was statistically significantly (p < 0.01) lower at 28 days of age, or 7 days post vaccination, (trial 1) and higher at 35 days of age, or 14 days post vaccination, (both trials). At 7 days post vaccination with the live ILT vaccine, the mean tracheal lesion score was significantly higher (p < 0.01) than it was in the control group (both trials). At 14 days post vaccination with the live ILT vaccine, the mean tracheal lesion score was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than it was in the control group 3 (trial 1). No significant differences were found between the control group 3 and group 2, which was vaccinated with the vectored HVT/LT vaccine (both trials). The results of the histology of trachea lesions indicate that vaccination with live ILT may have induced early local immunity. The INF-γ analysis results might indicate that the birds in group 2 (HVT/LT) did not develop local immunity until 35 days of age From the practical point of view, the vectored ILT vaccine is more beneficial because of its ease of administration in the hatchery, lower labor cost, and the absence of clinical signs post vaccination. Its potential drawback, however, is poor local immunity and the slow onset of optimal immunity in commercial broiler chickens

scholarly journals The Influence of Post Bleaching Treatments in Stain Absorption and Microhardness

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horieh Moosavi ◽  
Fatemeh Darvishzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Color Change ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Surface Microhardness ◽  
Dental Bleaching ◽  
Tooth Color ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Objectives: This study investigated the effects of post bleaching treatments to prevent restaining and the change of enamel surface microhardness after dental bleaching in vitro. Methods: Sixty intact human incisor teeth were stained in tea solution and randomly assigned into four groups (n=15). Then samples were bleached for two weeks (8 hours daily) by 15% carbamide peroxide. Tooth color was determined both with a spectrophotometer and visually before bleaching (T1) and immediately after bleaching (T2). Next, it was applied in group 1 fluoride (Naf 2%) gel for 2 minutes, and in group 2 a fractional CO2 laser (10 mJ, 200 Hz, 10 s), and in group 3, nanohydroxyapatite gel for 2 minutes. The bleached teeth in group 4 remained untreated (control group). Then teeth placed in tea solution again. Color examinations were repeated after various post bleaching treatments (T3) and restaining with tea (T4) and color change values recorded. The microhardness was measured at the enamel surface of samples. Data was analyzed using ANOVA, Tukey HSD test and Dunnett T3 (α = 0.05). Results: Directly after bleaching (ΔE T3-T2), the treatment with nanohydroxyapatite showed significantly the least color lapse in colorimetric evaluation. In experimental groups, the color change between T3 and T4 stages (ΔE T4-T3) was significantly lower than control group (P < 0.05). Different methods of enamel treatment caused a significant increase in surface microhardness compared to control group (P < 0.05). Significance: Application of fluoride, fractional CO2 laser and nanohydroxyapatite as post bleaching treatments are suggested for prevention of stain absorption and increasing the hardening of bleached enamel.

Evaluation of physical and adhesive properties of enamel after a therapeutic dose of radiation and bonding of orthodontic metal brackets: an in vitro study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
A. Anushree ◽  
Ashutosh Shetty ◽  
Crystal Runa Soans ◽  
M. N. Kuttappa ◽  
Akhil Shetty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Testing Machine ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Adhesive Resin ◽  
Adhesive Remnant Index ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Abstract Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of metal brackets and adhesive properties of bonded irradiated and non-irradiated teeth. Methods: Sixty-six extracted premolar samples were randomly divided into three groups—(a) Control group consisting of 22 non-irradiated, non-aged teeth (Group 1), (b) 22 non-irradiated, aged samples (Group 2) and (c) 22 irradiated, aged samples (Group 3). Irradiation was done using gamma irradiation with a fractionated dose of 60 Gy for 5 consecutive days per week over 6 weeks. Metal brackets were bonded on all samples with light cure adhesive and subjected to SBS test using universal testing machine. The samples were assessed under the scanning electron microscope to check for the adhesive remnant index (ARI) and tag depth. Results: There was a statistically significant decrease in the mean SBS of the irradiated samples compared to the non-irradiated teeth. The non-irradiated, aged samples showed a majority of ARI scoring 1 and 2. Whereas, the irradiated samples showed ARI scoring 2 and 3. Approximately, 77·3% of the non-irradiated samples showed no adhesive present on the tooth surface, and 27·2% of the irradiated samples had more than 50% adhesive present on the enamel surface. Conclusion: There is a statistically significant decrease in SBS of irradiated enamel compared to that of non-irradiated teeth. However, the SBS observed in the three groups was well above the ideal SBS for orthodontic bonding, that is, 5·6–6·8 MPa. The adhesive remnant was found on all samples of the irradiated group. Deeper adhesive resin tags were found in the irradiated group in the resin–enamel interface.

scholarly journals AN INVITRO COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF FRACTURE RESISTANCE OF ENDODONTICALLY TREATED TEETH OBTURATED WITH RESILON AND GUTTA-PERCHA

2014 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 075-079
Author(s):  
Kiran Halkai ◽  
Rahul Halkai ◽  
Mithra N. Hegde ◽  
Vijay Kumar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Resistance ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Endodontically Treated Teeth ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Ah Plus ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Abstract Aim: To compare and evaluate in-vitro the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth obturated with resilon & epiphany sealer and guttapercha using different sealers. Epoxy resin based sealer AH-plus and zinc oxide eugenol based sealer-TubliSeal (EWT). Methodology: sixty four human single rooted maxillary anterior teeth, cleaned stored in 0.9% saline. All the teeth were decoronated to root length 14mm and bucco-lingual diameter of 5-7mm, After access openings teeth were instrumented using K3.06 up to final apical size 30/.06 and randomly allocated into 4 experimental groups (n=16 per group). Group 1(Control group): teeth were instrumented but not obturated, Group 2: Resilon cones and epiphany SE-sealer. Group 3: guttapercha cones and epoxy based sealer AH plus. Group 4: guttapercha and Tubli seal EWT. Coronal seal was done using IRM cement. Each of the specimens were tested for fracture resistance by instron universal testing machine. Results: Higher fracture resistance values were observed for group 2 (Resilon & Epiphany SE sealer) followed by group 3(Guttapercha & AH Plus sealer) and group 4(Guttapercha & TubliSeal EWT) when compared to group1 (control-instrumented but not obturated). Conclusion: filling the root canals with contemporary polymer based root canal obturating system- Resilon increased the in vitro fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Finishing and Polishing Methods for Color Stability of the E-Max Dental Ceramics: In vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1508-1513
Author(s):  
Ibraheem F Alshiddi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Brightness ◽  
Color Stability ◽  
Color Measurement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

In order to assess the influence of finishing and polishing on the surface brightness and color stability of the ceramic veneer, fifty specimens were fabricated with 10 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness using IPS E-Max Ceramic. After glazing, 10 specimens were untouched as control group, and the other 40 specimens were abraded using 125µm diamond bur to create surface roughness. Forty specimens were divided into four groups (n=10), in group 1: specimens were finished using diamond point, in group 2 specimens’ surface was polished with a polishing kit, Group 3: Each specimen surface was polished with the polishing kit as in protocol 2 and was polished a polishing past and group 4 Each specimen was glazed by heating at 621℃ for 3 minutes followed by a temperature increase of 83℃/min up to 918℃ for 30 seconds. Color measurement was performed using spectrophotometer. Color stability data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD test (α=0.05). For Ra values, paired-samples t-tests were used to analyze the data and compare groups. The change in L and E showed a significant difference among the study groups; (group 1, group 2, group 3 and group 4) with respect to three variables L, a and b. A significant difference was noted when compared each group with the control; however, only group 2 showed a significant difference from group 4; the remaining groups demonstrated similar findings for all three variables. The study displayed a significant impact of the finishing and polishing technique on the surface brightness and color stability of ceramic restoration. However, it was evident that combination of two or three polishing techniques which includes polish kit and glaze enhances the surface finish and adds color stability by alternating the yellow – blue axis (increase in b) and red- green axis (decrease in a).

scholarly journals study the effect of alcoholic and watery extracts of garlic and onion plants on growth of candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans in vitro&vivo

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Abd-Alshaheed D. A.
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Included Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Ofcandida Albicans ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

This research included study the effect of garlic and onion plantsextracts(alcoholic and watery) in vitro in three different concentrations15%,25%,35% and in vivo in experimental white mice .Research wasperformed by three experiments, first one was conducted to studyeffectiveness of different concentration of alcoholic and watery garlicextract on growth of candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans invitro, showed that the effect of alcoholic extract on the growth of candidaalbicans was inhibitory,started from 0.4 mm to 0.1 mm compared withcontrol plats 4.2 mm ,where as the results of the effect on the growth ofCryptococcus neoformans showed more clearness and the inhibitionstarted from 0.6 to inhibit all the growth in plat in comparison withcontrol plats1.4 mm. While the effect of watery garlic extract showed lesseffect and the inhibition began from 0.5 mm to 0.2 mm for candidaalbicans , but the growth inhibition of Cryptococcus neoformans beganfrom 0.4 to 0.15 mm.The second experiment was the same as the firstexperiment , but using alcoholic and extracts onion , the growth ofcandida albicans inhibited by alcoholic exract from 0.6 mm to no growthin the plat , but the inhibition of Cryptococcus neoformans was startedfrom 0.5mm to 0.2 mm for alcoholic onion extract. While the wateryonion extract effect on the growth of candida albicans the inhibitionstarted from 1.6 mm to 1 mm ,but the inhibition of Cryptococcusneoformans was began from 1 mm to 0.3 mm.Third experiment was study the effect of crude garlic and onion alcoholicextract ointment 1% on experimental infection in mice , using 30experimental mice divided to 6 equal groups,each group include 5 mice*groups which infected with candida albicans treated :The group 1,2,3,expermrutly infected with candida albicans ,where asgroup 3,4,6 were infected with Cryptococcus neoformans for 1,2,3 group,treted with the ointment of alcoholic extract of garlic, group 2 treatedwith alcoholic extract ointment of onion, where as group 3 left with notreatment as a control group

97 PRELIMINARY DESCRIPTIVE STUDY OF EQUINE PLACENTA GENERATED AFTER TRANSFER OF IN VIVO- AND IN VITRO-PRODUCED EMBRYOS

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 156 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lanci ◽  
J. Mariella ◽  
B. Merlo ◽  
C. Castagnetti ◽  
E. Iacono
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Placental changes associated with artificial reproductive technologies have been described in several species, but little information is available in horses. Joy et al. (2012) reported that human placentas from intracytoplasmic sperm injection derived embryos were heavier and thicker than those produced after natural conception. Despite the most growing interest and efficiency of artificial reproductive technologies in equine species, only recently, Pozor et al. (2016) described placental abnormalities in pregnancies generated by somatic cell NT, but there are no studies on equine placenta generated by intracytoplasmic sperm injection and traditional embryo transfer. In the present preliminary study, macroscopic differences of placentas generated after transfer of in vitro- or in vivo-produced embryos were registered. Twelve Standardbred recipient mares with pregnancy generated after transfer of in vivo-derived (Group 1) and in vitro-derived (Group 2) embryos were enrolled; 10 Standardbred mares with pregnancy derived by traditional AI were included as control (Group 3). All pregnancies were physiological, and newborn foals were healthy. Mare age, parity, length of pregnancy, gross evaluation and weight of placenta, total length of umbilical cord (UC), length of UC, number of UC coils, foal sex, and weight at birth were registered. Collected data are listed in Table 1 and are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Differences between groups were evaluated by 1-way ANOVA, and the difference in proportion of overweight placentas was evaluated with the Fisher test. The gross evaluation of placenta revealed 8/12 placentas (2/4 Group 1; 6/8 Group 2) were heavier than 11% (Madigan, 1997) due to oedema of the chorioallantois. No overweight placentas were registered in Group 3. In Group 1, 1/4 placentas had villous hypoplasia, and in Group 2, 1/8 placentas had cystic pouches on the UC. There were no significant differences among groups. However, the proportion of overweight placentas between Group 2 (6/8) and Group 3 (0/10) approached significance (P = 0.06). Although preliminary, the results of the present study suggest that production of equine embryos in vitro may lead to alterations in placental development. Several studies in cattle and sheep have suggested that alterations in the placentas of pregnancies derived from in vitro-produced embryos are related to effects of culture on epigenetic regulation. Less is known in the horse about the effects of in vitro embryo production on placental development; thus, further research in this area is necessary. Table 1. Characteristics of full-term placentas derived from AI or embryo transfer with in vivo- and in vitro-produced embryos

scholarly journals Effect of the number of thermocycles on microleakage of resin composite restorations

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia Bittencourt Pazinatto ◽  
Bruno Barbosa Campos ◽  
Leonardo César Costa ◽  
Maria Teresa Atta
Keyword(s):  
Resin Composite ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Thermal Changes ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
Group 1

Thermocycling simulates, in vitro, thermal changes that occur in the oral cavity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the number of cycles on microleakage. Class V cavities (1.5 mm deep, 3 mm in height and 3 mm in width) were prepared in bovine teeth, restored with a Single Bond/Z250 restorative system (3M/ESPE) and then divided into five groups of ten teeth each: group 1 was not thermocycled (control group), and groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 were thermocycled 500, 1,000, 2,500 and 5,000 times, respectively (5º-55º ± 2ºC, 15 s dwell time). The teeth were immersed in 0.5% basic fuchsin aqueous solution for 24 h, sectioned and the sections with the highest degree of microleakage were selected, scanned and the extent of dye penetration was measured by the ImageTool program. The results submitted to one-way ANOVA showed no significant differences between the groups (p > 0.05). The averages of microleakage values in millimeters were: group 1 (3.92); group 2 (3.13); group 3 (4.48); group 4 (4.33) and group 5 (3.42). Thus, it was concluded that there is no relation between the increase of the number of cycles and the increase in microleakage.

scholarly journals Preliminary Study on Wound Healing Activity of Propolis in Albino Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (07) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.Timucin ATAYOGLU ◽  
Sibel SILICI
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Wound Model ◽  
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Background: Infection can lead to delayed wound healing. Recently it has been shown that propolis which is used in complementary medicine has an antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effect. The aim of this study is to determine whether propolis may contribute to wound healing. Material and Methods: Twenty-one male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into three groups. Group1 and Group 2 were topically treated with propolis ointment and Thiocillin® oinment, respectively while Group 3 was the control group. On incision wound model, Thiocillin® and propolis ointments were applied on wound sites once daily for 30 days and the mean epidermal thickness (MET) at the 30th day was compared while antimicrobial activity of propolis was studied against different pathogens as well. Results: Propolis exhibited in vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. It is observed that the MET in the groups of Propolis ointment and Thiocillin® ointment were significantly greater than that of the control group, while the MET in the group of propolis ointment was significantly greater than that of Thiocillin® ointment treated group. Conclusion: Propolis is effective in wound healing. Further study in-depth is necessary to probe into clinical correlation.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of the Influence of Chlorhexidine Gel on the Implant-Abutment-Connection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Mandlbauer ◽  
Vasilios Alevizakos ◽  
Ahmed Othman ◽  
Marcus Stoetzer ◽  
Constantin von See
Keyword(s):  
Testing Machine ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Removal Torque ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Saliva Substitute ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Chlorhexidine Gel

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to determine the effect of chlorhexidine gel on removal torque of abutment prosthesis screws in vitro. Methods 60 implants (BEGO Semados ® S/RI 4.1, BEGO Implant Systems GmbH & Co. KG, Bremen, Germany) were embedded in acrylic resin for study set-up. The abutments (S/RI 4.1 SUB-TEC WI, BEGO Implant Systems GmbH & Co. KG, Bremen, Germany) were fixed with prothesis screws with 25 Ncm on the implants and were loaded for 10.000 cycles with 250N in a static material testing machine. The implemented study consisted of three groups (n=20). Group 1 (control group) were loaded under dry conditions. Group 2 was filled with a saliva substitute only (Sialin-Sigma solution, Sigmapharm Arzneimittel GmbH, Vienna, Austria), group 3 was filled with a saliva substitute and additional with chlorhexidine gel (Chlorhexamed 1% GEL, GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare GmbH & Co. KG, München, Germany). Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA (significance level p<0.05). Results The control group showed the smallest range of removal torque (19.85 Ncm ± 1.42 Ncm) while group 2 showed 20.32 Ncm ± 2.61 Ncm and in group 3 was 19.74 Ncm ± 2.96 Ncm. No significant differences between the three groups were evaluated. Conclusions Within the limits of this in-vitro study, it can be concluded that the application of chlorhexidine gel did not show any significant effect on the removal torque on abutment screws after loading.

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