scholarly journals The role of social capital in the victimization risk against property: evidence from Brazil*

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 563-585
Author(s):  
Gustavo Carvalho Moreira ◽  
Ana Lucia Kassouf ◽  
Marcelo Justus
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Economic Model ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Mutual Benefit ◽  
Victimization Risk

Abstract The economic model of crime presupposes that individuals evaluate the decision to commit a crime rationally. A more inclusive version of this model would include social capital as a factor influencing criminal activity. The amount of social capital that exists within a group can be used to explain criminal behavior, and an increase in the level of social capital can be a factor capable of preventing crime. This study tests the hypothesis that increasing the level of social capital reduces the risk of victimization against property. Results from variations of an IV-Probit model were used to evaluate data from Latin American Public Opinion Project surveys conducted in Brazil. These results suggest that a higher level of social capital among individuals increases the likelihood that they will cooperate for mutual benefit, such as combating crime.

Political Business Cycles and Imprisonment Rates in Italy: Report on a Work in Progress

1987 ◽  
Vol 16 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Melossi
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Business Cycles ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Political Business Cycles ◽  
Work In Progress

Sociologists have shown the presence of statistically significant associations between changing economic conditions and rates of imprisonment in a number of countries characterized by common law systems. Furthermore, these associations do not seem to be mediated by changing rates of criminal behavior. This article considers the possibility that the same relationships exist in a civil law society, Italy, for the period 1896–1965. It then goes on to highlight an hypothesis and possible test to explain the nature of these associations, based on the intervening role of public opinion.

scholarly journals Entrepreneurial intentions of Colombian business students

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1017-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Henley ◽  
Francoise Contreras ◽  
Juan C. Espinosa ◽  
David Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Leadership Skills ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cognitive Social Capital ◽  
Graduate Entrepreneurship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to reconceptualize the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) in the light of social cognitive theory to investigate the role of social capital, specifically the leadership skill as a social capital generating influence in the formation of entrepreneurial intentions. Design/methodology/approach A new conceptualization of TPB is proposed to allow the impact of bonding and bridging cognitive social capital to be mediated by TPB constructs of perceived desirability and feasibility of entrepreneurship. Hypotheses are developed related to leadership skills, family background and social norms as external and internal indicators of social capital, and tested on primary data from 322 student respondents in a Colombian business school. Findings Leadership skills, indicative of bridging cognitive social capital, are found to be strongly and significantly associated with entrepreneurial intentions through the mediating role of the core TPB constructs. Evidence for the role of bonding social capital through measures of the social acceptability of entrepreneurship and family background is mixed, and in the case of family background no indirect association with intentions is found. Research limitations/implications Although the Latin American context would suggest significant population variation in personal and background resource, there is relatively little variation across this sample, particularly in terms of family background. Thus, rates of graduate entrepreneurship may relate more closely to constraints acting on entry into higher education than on other background characteristics, and therefore future work in similar contexts ought to be conducted across a wider socio-economic sample. Practical implications Opportunities to develop and enhance student perception of leadership ability through either education or experience might improve levels of graduate entrepreneurship, alongside traditional activities to raise self-efficacy and perceived salience of entrepreneurship. Originality/value Student leadership skills have rarely been addressed in the context of entrepreneurship development. This paper highlights the relevance of this in a developing economy context.

scholarly journals Die Notwendigkeit einer alternativen Entwicklungsstrategie

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (142) ◽  
pp. 95-112
Author(s):  
Arturo Guillén R.
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Economic Model ◽  
Developmental Theory

Furtado was one of the most important economic thinkers of Latin America. Together with Raul Prebisch he was the founder of Latin American Structuralism in developmental theory. In this article, Furtados approach is discussed in view for an economic model alternative to the neoliberal one. Three main points are emphasized: income distribution and its implication for the development of capitalism, the tendency increasing external debts, and the role of monetary and currency politics.

The Impact of Crime and Insecurity on Trust in Democracy and Institutions

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Blanco ◽  
Isabel Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Crime Victimization ◽  
Satisfaction With Democracy ◽  
Trust In Institutions ◽  
The Impact

This paper examines the impact of crime and insecurity on support for and satisfaction with democracy and trust in institutions. We use survey data from the Latin American Public Opinion Project (LAPOP) for Colombia during the 2004-2010 period. We find that perceptions of insecurity, crime victimization, being asked for a bribe and being affected by the armed conflict have a negative significant effect on satisfaction with democracy and trust in public institutions. Our findings show an important indirect channel through which crime can hinder development because distrust in institutions is associated with lower levels of social capital.

Cybersecurity Legislation

2020 ◽  
pp. 402-411
Author(s):  
Christopher Thomas Anglim
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Child Pornography ◽  
National Level ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Federal Legislation ◽  
Us Congress ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Dark Web

This entry discusses the role of legislation governing cybersecurity and how this legislation seeks to control criminal activity on the dark web. As explained throughout this encyclopedia, the dark web consists of internet services that are accessible anonymously using “the onion router” (TOR). There has been a concentrated effort in recent years for federal legislation in the United States to be enacted to control the widespread criminal behavior that occurs on the dark web, which includes the sale of drugs, illegal weapons, and child pornography. Legislation, as the term is used in this work, refers to law enacted by a legislative body such as the US Congress. The article considers both existing relevant statutory law and proposed legislation on the local, state/provincial, and federal/national level. The focus will be on US federal legislation; however, the article will also consider US state and local legislation, the legislation from other nations, and international legislation.

Criminal Spin, Self-Control, and Desistance From Crime Among Juvenile Delinquents: Determinism Versus Free Will in a Qualitative Perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (15) ◽  
pp. 4739-4757
Author(s):  
Ofer Zemel ◽  
Tomer Einat ◽  
Natti Ronel
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Juvenile Delinquents ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Low Self Control ◽  
Desistance From Crime

The current research is a qualitative examination of the relations between self-control and deterministic/non-deterministic perceptions of life events and the drifts into or desistance from a criminal spin among juvenile delinquents. Based on in-depth semi-structured interviews with 21 adolescents (11 active delinquents and 10 desisters), we found that both the intensification of criminal behavior and the desistance from criminal activity are gradual and connected to the reduction or acquisition, respectively, of self-control and the offenders’ belief in their self-control. Criminal behavior and self-control were found to be associated with deterministic or non-deterministic perceptions of life events: the former combined with low self-control are associated with a delinquent lifestyle; the latter combined with high self-control promote the likelihood that young offenders will modify their behavior and desist from criminal behavior. The study may provide better understanding of the role of the criminal spin in the engagement or desistance from criminal behavior.

An Economic Analysis of Drug Use and Crime

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 613-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Naci Mocan ◽  
Hope Corman
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Economic Model ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Drug Consumption ◽  
Causal Relationships ◽  
Drug Prices ◽  
The Relationship

This paper aims to demonstrate how economists approach the investigation of the relationship between drug use and criminal activity. The economic model of crime does not treat criminal activity as deviant behavior, but it considers it as a reaction of individuals to prices and incentives. Drug use has a place in this framework because, in addition to a potential pharmaceutical effect, drug use may affect criminal behavior because of the interaction between drug prices, drug consumption and drug profits. The paper presents statistical problems in uncovering causal relationships between crime and its determinants.

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