scholarly journals Pathogenicity and aggressiveness of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolates in ornamental pepper

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neilton Antonio Fiusa Araújo ◽  
Joana D´arc Mendes Vieira ◽  
Marlene da Rocha Moura ◽  
Wagner Rogério Leocádio Soares Pessoa ◽  
Beatriz Meireles Barguil
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Assessment Period ◽  
Grading Scale ◽  
Different Levels

ABSTRACT Anthracnose, a disease caused by fungi of the Colletotrichum genus, affects many crops, including ornamental plants. This study aimed at evaluating the pathogenicity and aggressiveness of the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz. (Sacc.) isolates Cg1 (papaya), Cg2 (guava) and Cg3 (mango) in the ornamental pepper varieties Stromboli, Etna and Pirâmide, during two different periods (July/August and November/December 2013). The fungi pathogenicity and the severity of plant symptoms were assessed using a grading scale. The three C. gloeosporioides isolates were pathogenic to the three ornamental pepper varieties studied, exhibiting different levels of aggressiveness among them. The environmental conditions influenced the isolates aggressiveness, with the most severe symptoms observed in the second assessment period.

scholarly journals Measuring the modal parameters of a cultural heritage tower by using strong-motion signals

ACTA IMEKO ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariella Diaferio ◽  
Dora Foti ◽  
Nicola Ivan Giannoccaro ◽  
Salvador Ivorra Ivorra
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Excitation Frequency ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Forced Vibrations ◽  
Mode Shapes ◽  
Modal Parameters ◽  
Vibration Modes ◽  
Experimental Campaign ◽  
Different Levels

This paper presents the dynamic experimental campaign carried out on a stocky masonry clock tower situated in the Swabian Castle of Trani (Italy). The main objective of this paper is, after estimating the main frequencies and vibration modes of the considered structure, defining the transmission of vibrations along the height of the tower by varying the forced frequency at the base. At this aim, short acceleration records have been acquired simultaneously in 20 points of the tower at different levels, due to a series of sinusoidal forced vibrations applied at the base by using a pneumatic shaker device specify designed for the tests. The proposed procedure permit to extract for each monitored point the amplitude of the sinusoidal component related to the excitation frequency and the phase shift due to the structure damping. The results of the proposed procedure are compared with the results of a classical operational modal analysis in environmental conditions in order to demonstrate that the short forced tests permit to classify the typology of the structure mode shapes.

scholarly journals Genetic and no genetic variability of two-year old seedlings of 13 hybrid plane half-sib lines

2005 ◽  
pp. 69-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radmila Knezevic ◽  
Mirjana Sijacic-Nikolic
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Hybrid Sterility ◽  
Soil Humidity ◽  
Frequent Mutations ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Partial Hybrid

This paper presents the results of the analysis of variability of 8 analyzed morph metric parameters in two-year old seedlings of 13 half-sib lines at different levels. The recorded genetic and no genetic variability is conditioned by numerous different factors. The important causes of genetic variability are: partial incompatibility of parent trees, partial hybrid sterility, predominant inbreeding, frequent mutations with the growth of parent trees, very abundant gene recombination's, etc. The causes of no genetic seedling variability are: external environmental conditions (soil humidity, conditions of cultivation, sylvotechnical interventions, etc) and the internal or the somatic environment of seedling.

scholarly journals Relationships Between Some Hordein Components and Quality Properties in Two Tunisian Barley Varieties as Influenced by Nitrogen Fertilisation

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bettaieb-Ben Kaab ◽  
M. El Felah ◽  
M. Lauriere
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Genetic Adaptation ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilisation ◽  
Quality Properties ◽  
Electrophoresis System ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Page Electrophoresis

Two Tunisian barley varieties, Martin and Rihane, differing by their degrees of adaptation to the environmental conditions and grain yield potential, were grown under different levels of nitrogen (N) fertilisation. The effect of nitrogen supply on the hordein components (expressed in mg per albumen) was determined by Nu-PAGE electrophoresis system using the MOBS running buffer and densitometric analysis. Increasing nitrogen fertilisation increased the protein content by increasing the amount of C-hordeins. The sub-fraction BIII of high molecular weight B-hordeins appeared, in the present study, as the best criterion for distinguishing between the two barley varieties genetic adaptation, and its quantification could be recommended for the understanding of the quality properties of the barley response to different environmental conditions particularly nitrogen fertilisation which appears to be the main origin of differences in the protein aggregation mode of different B-hordein sulphur-rich sub-fractions.    

Progeny Testing of Dairy Bulls at Different Levels of Management

1954 ◽  
Vol 1954 ◽  
pp. 83-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. L. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Laboratory Mice ◽  
Dairy Bulls ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
European Cattle

There are two schools of thought concerning the most appropriate environment in which to select breeding animals. One says ‘ Always select animals under environmental conditions similar to those where they are to be used ‘. The other says ‘ Select breeding animals in the optimum environment so that they have the best chance of revealing their genetic capabilities ‘. Experiments on growth of laboratory mice and experience with European cattle in the tropics have shown the advisability of the first course in these cases. In regard to hill sheep and dairy cattle in Britain, on the other hand, practice favours the second course, but there is little experimental evidence to support it.

scholarly journals Reaction of dwarf cashew clones to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolates in controlled environment

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-235
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Queijeiro López ◽  
John Alexander Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Production Loss ◽  
Structural Barriers ◽  
Anthracnose Disease ◽  
Brazilian Northeast ◽  
Significant Production

The cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) crop is an important source of income for the population of the Brazilian Northeast, and anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides leads to significant production loss. However, there is little information on either the host resistance or the variation in the aggressiveness of the pathogen under controlled environment. The reaction of commercial (CCP-06, CCP-09, CCP-76 and CCP-1001) and one non-commercial (CAP-14) dwarf cashew clones was assessed against 36 isolates of this fungus controlled environmental conditions. All the isolates, including those from hosts other than cashew, were able to cause lesions on leaves and stems of most clones, albeit to different degrees. Clone CCP-06 was the most susceptible, while clone CCP-1001 showed a level of resistance to a number of the isolates, including isolate 905, while isolates 910 and 912 were aggressive to all clones. Injury increased the susceptibility of the clones to all isolates, indicating that resistance also might be associated with structural barriers that hinder penetration. Ripened cashew apples (8-week-old), of commercial clones were susceptible to isolates 905 and 910. Immature pseudo-fruits (2-week-old), with exception of clone CCP-76 which was susceptible to both isolates showed resistance against these isolates, suggesting the presence of structural and chemical barriers. Developed nuts (8-week-old), however, were more resistant than immature nuts (2-week-old) to both isolates, probably due to their thicker exocarp cuticle and reduced number of stomatal pores.

Democratization, environmental and income inequality

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 813-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Policardo
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Environmental Goods ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Income Effects ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Decisive Voter ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractIf the demand for environmental goods is increasing with income, democratization shifts the decisive power from a rich autocrat to a poorer individual (decisive voter), so it should be associated with worse environmental conditions. In this paper, it is shown through a theoretical model that: (i) democratization may have mixed effects on the level of environmental quality, depending on the size of the price and income effects on the demand for environmental quality associated with a decrease in the decisive political actor's wealth; and (ii) assuming that society is composed of two classes of individuals with different levels of exposure to pollution, and assuming moreover that the decisive voter belongs to the most exposed class of individuals while the autocrat does not, democratization is beneficial for the environment, and the better the effect on the environment, the bigger the difference in wealth between the two decisive political actors.

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF LAYERS PRESENT IN A CONTEMPORARY CERAMIC USING LASER-INDUCED PLASMA SPECTROSCOPY

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-67
Author(s):  
Celina Luízar Obregón ◽  
Daniel L’hermite
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Plasma Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Induced Plasma ◽  
Improve Accuracy ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Levels

In this work, laser-induced plasma spectroscopy was used to identify the elemental composition, at different depths, of a commercial Peruvian ceramic. The IVEA MobiLIBS system and IUMTEK TX1000 system were used, under environmental conditions and 5.6 mJ of energy, forming craters of approximately 60 μm in diameter. To improve accuracy, repetitions of the impact points were performed, accumulating the signals at the same depth. The blue and white pigments that covered it, as well as the matrix paste, were characterized, making different levels of penetration in the material, obtaining their respective elemental composition. This allowed finding the difference between stratigraphic layers, based mainly on the variation of the intensities of Copper, Titanium, Carbon and other characteristic elements of the clays that make up the matrix paste. Contemporary pottery was found to have sequential layers of decoration, engobe and matrix paste.

scholarly journals Aggregation of hepatic melanomacrophage centers in S. herzbergii (Pisces, Ariidae) as indicators of environmental change and well-being

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 868-876
Author(s):  
H.C. Viana ◽  
W.B. Jesus ◽  
S.K.L. Silva ◽  
M.B. Jorge ◽  
D.M.S. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Biomarker Of Exposure ◽  
Xenobiotic Biotransformation ◽  
Sciades Herzbergii ◽  
Histological Procedure ◽  
Hematoxylin Eosin ◽  
Different Levels

ABSTRACT The melanomacrophage centers (MMCs) in the liver of fish are indicators of environmental conditions, as they are involved in xenobiotic biotransformation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the number of MMC in the liver of juveniles and adults of Sciades herzbergii from areas with different levels of contamination. The fish were caught at three points (reference - A1, potentially impacted - A2 and contaminated - A3), in São José bay (Maranhão, Brazil), in four samples. The livers were subjected to the standard histological procedure and 5μm sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin. In livers of A2 adult individuals (260.50±161.50 MMCs / mm²) they presented a greater number of MMCs when compared to A3 adults (60.00 ± 30.10 MMCs / mm²). Juveniles showed considerable values in A1 (100.00 ± 0.00 MMCs/mm²) and A2 (95.33 ± 33.00 MMCs / mm²) compared to juveniles in A3 (49.00±0.00 MMCs/mm²). These high values are unexpected for young people. The average number of MMC correlated with the rainy season in the region. The use of hepatic MMCs as a biomarker of exposure to pollutants, in particular substances from fisheries systems, such as ammonia and nitrite, proved to be adequate to differentiate areas with different levels of impacts.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of Some Walnut Cultivars to Gnomonia leptostyla and Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis in Bulgaria

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veselin Arnaudov ◽  
Stefan Gandev ◽  
Milena Dimova
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Fruit Growing ◽  
Xanthomonas Arboricola ◽  
Walnut Blight ◽  
Different Levels

The aim of the present research was to study and compare the susceptibility of 13 walnut cultivars – 5 Bulgarian (B), 3 French (F), 2 Hun­garian (H), and 3 American (A) – to Gnomonia leptostyla (Fr.) and Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis (Pierce) Dye, the pathogens causing leaf spot and walnut blight. The study was conducted under natu­ral environmental conditions in a 5-8-year-old walnut collection orchard of the Fruit Growing Institute – Plovdiv, during the period 2006-2010. The evaluation of the attack produced by these pathogens was carried out on different organs leaves and nuts in two periods of the year (June and October). All the studied cultivars were distributed in 6 different levels of susceptibility to a given pathogen based on the degree of attack. The article presents data on the sensitivity of the studied walnut cultivars to the attack to G. leptostyla (Fr.) and X. arboricola pv. juglandis (Pierce) Dye and discusses the results obtained.

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