scholarly journals Physiological and enzymatic changes in soybean seeds submitted to harvest delay1

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 488-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Mario Zuffo ◽  
Joacir Mario Zuffo Júnior ◽  
Everson Reis Carvalho ◽  
Fábio Steiner ◽  
Everton Vinicius Zambiazzi
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Isocitrate Lyase ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Phenological Stage ◽  
Enzymatic Changes ◽  
Harvest Delay

ABSTRACT Harvest delay may affect the physiological quality of soybean seeds due to the occurrence of unfavorable environmental conditions in the field. This study was conducted to investigate the physiological and enzymatic changes in soybean seeds submitted to harvest delay. A randomized block design, with eight seed harvest periods (0; 5; 10; 15; 20; 25; 30; and 35 days after the R8 phenological stage - full maturity) of the BRS 820 RR® cultivar, with four replicates, was used. At each harvest period, the moisture content, 1,000-seed weight, germination, seedling emergence, emergence speed index, accelerated aging, vigor and viability (tetrazolium test), electrical conductivity, enzymatic expression and seed yield were measured. Harvest delay up to 35 days after the R8 phenological stage do not affect the 1,000-seed weight and seed yield. The delayed harvest from the R8 stage results in increased damage by stink bugs and moisture. The harvest delay of seeds from the 10th day after the R8 stage impairs the seed vigor and, from the 15th day, seed germination. Seeds harvested with a delay after the R8 stage have lower expressions of the following isoenzymatic systems: malate dehydrogenase, alcohol dehydrogenase, esterase, isocitrate lyase and superoxide dismutase, especially after 15 days of harvest delay.

scholarly journals Harvest delay, storage and physiological quality of soybean seeds

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 506-513
Author(s):  
Rafael Vergara ◽  
Raimunda Nonata Oliveira da Silva ◽  
Arieli Paula Nadal ◽  
Gizele Ingrid Gadotti ◽  
Tiago Zanatta Aumonde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Harvest Delay

Abstract: Soybean is one of the leading commodities in Brazilian agribusiness. Its cultivation is widespread in different seed-producing regions of the country, where it generates income and local development. In this context, the soybean seed is a fundamental input, as its quality strongly influences the success of the crop. However, the period after the achievement of physiological maturity is critical for the maintenance of seed quality. For that reason, this study aimed at evaluating the effect of harvest delay on both the initial and final qualities of soybean seeds. The research consisted of four harvest times, in which the initial quality was assessed through tests of first germination count, germination, accelerated aging and tetrazolium. After 120 days of storage, the germination and accelerated aging tests were once again conducted. The experiment complied with a completely randomized block design with eight replications. The rainfall was monitored during the pre-harvest phase. All variables experienced negative impacts due to the delay in harvesting. Also, the seeds suffered more damage as the delay progressed, and the variables germination and seed vigor decreased after the storage period.

scholarly journals Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Fruit Positions on Fruit and Seed Yields of Okro (Abelmoschus Esculentus L. Moench)

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Y. Zubairu ◽  
J. A. Oladiran ◽  
O. A. Osunde ◽  
U. Ismaila
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Mother Plant ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
N Level ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Seed Yields

Study was conducted in 2006 and 2007 cropping seasons at the experimental field of Federal University of Technology, Minna (9o 401N and 6o 301E), in the Southern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria to determine the effects of N fertilizer and the fruit positions on fruit and seed yield of okro. The treatment comprised factorial combination of five nitrogen levels (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg/ha) and five fruit positions on a mother-plant (3, 5, 7, 9 and 10) which were replicated three times and laid in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The results indicated that significant taller plants were recorded in the plots that received 120 kg N/ha while shorter plants were recorded in plots that received 0 N/ha in both years of the study. The higher N level of 120 kg/ha and lower fruit position of 3 significantly gave higher number of fruit yield while the yield decreased with decrease in N level and increase in fruit position on the mother-plant. Similarly, heavier fruits were recorded in lower fruit positions and higher N levels. The fruits formed at the lower position 3 and 5 produced more seeds with higher seed weight than those formed at the higher positions. The results also showed that significantly higher seed yield was recorded at N level of 120 kg/ha ?.

scholarly journals Genetic Analysis of Some Genotypes of Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) for Yield and Yield Attributing Traits

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
A. M. Pradhan ◽  
M. Roy Choudhury ◽  
A. Sawarkar ◽  
S. Das
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Correlation Study ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Positive Direct

The current investigation was carried out to examine the selection criteria for yield improvement in selected genotypes of Indian mustard. Twenty-four genotypes of Indian mustard were evaluated for seed yield and yield attributing characters with randomized block design with three replications. The analysis of variance showed significant differences among all the 24 genotypes against all the characters. The phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation were higher for most of the traits like seed yield per plant, number of secondary branches per plant and number of siliquae per plant. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance in percent of mean was registered for number of siliquae per plant, number of primary and secondary branches per plant, plant height, 1000 seed weight, siliqua length per plant and seed yield per plant suggesting predominant role of additive gene action for expression of these traits. The correlation study revealed that seed yield per plant was positively and significantly correlated with number of primary and secondary branches per plant, number of siliquae per plant, siliqua length per plant and 1000 seed weight at both phenotypic and genotypic level. The traits namely, number of secondary branches per plant recorded as highest positive direct effect followed by number of seeds per siliqua, number of siliquae per plant and plant height. Therefore, they may be carried out further evaluation in multilocational trials, biotic and abiotic stress like environmental conditions to check their stability and adaptability.

scholarly journals Effect of seed vigor and sowing densities on the yield and physiological potential of wheat seeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Pereira Cardoso ◽  
José Henrique Bizzarri Bazzo ◽  
Jéssica de Lucena Marinho ◽  
Claudemir Zucareli
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Initial Seed ◽  
Wheat Seeds

Abstract: Initial seed vigor and sowing density interact in establishment of plants in the field, and can thus affect expression of the plasticity of the wheat crop and the yield and physiological quality of the seeds produced. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of seed vigor levels in combination with sowing densities on the yield and physiological potential of wheat seeds. The cultivars BRS Gralha-Azul and BRS Sabiá were used in a randomized block experimental design in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement, with four replications. The treatments consisted of seeds of high and low vigor and four sowing densities (150, 250, 350, and 450 seeds.m-2). The following evaluations were made: seed yield, germination, first germination count, seedling length, seedling dry matter, accelerated aging, emergence speed index, and seedling emergence in sand. An increase in sowing density favors the seed yield of both cultivars; however, it reduces the vigor of the seeds produced by the cultivar BRS Gralha-Azul, especially of the seeds produced by plants originating from high vigor seeds. For the cultivar BRS Sabiá, an increase in sowing density decreases the germination performance of seeds produced by plants originating from low vigor seeds.

scholarly journals Impact of foliar nutrient sprays, crop and spatial manipulation on seed yield of Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-127
Author(s):  
Muneeb Ahmad Wani ◽  
Ambreena Din ◽  
FU Khan ◽  
Raiz Ahmed Lone ◽  
Gazanfer Gani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Apical Bud ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
China Aster

An attempt was made to study the effect of pinching, plant densities and foliar nutrient sprays on seed yield and quality parameters in China aster cv. Powder puff. The experiment comprised of two levels of pinching (P0 = No pinching, P1 = Pinching), three planting densities (D1 = 30 plants m-2, D2 = 36 plants m-2 and D3 = 42 plants m-2) and three levels of commercial nutrient sprays (S1= 3 sprays, S2= 4 sprays and S3 = 5 sprays), constituting a total of 18 treatment combinations replicated thrice in randomized complete block design (RCBD). Pinching at visible bud stage, significantly increased 1000 seed weight (2.18 g) and seed yield (490.85 kg/ha), Increasing the planting density resulted in increased seed yield (485.55 kg/ha) and 1000 seed weight (2.05 g). On the other hand, 4 and 5 nutrient sprays significantly improved seed yield (463.12 kg/ha-) and 1000 seed weight (1.95 g). The results from the study suggest that increased branching with apical bud removal, wider planting space and 4 to 5 foliar applications of multi-nutrient sprays, significantly improves seed yield and quality attributes of transplanted China aster. While suggesting the best combination of pinching, spacing and nutrient sprays, the economics of flower production was duly considered.

scholarly journals Common bean seed vigor affecting crop grain yield

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitor Henrique Vaz Mondo ◽  
Adriano Stephan Nascente ◽  
Manoel Oliveira Cardoso Neto
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Bean Seed ◽  
Crop Establishment ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Abstract: Among the factors that affect seedling emergence and crop establishment are seed germination and vigor, which has an important influence on the establishment of the initial plant population and development, and may affect crop yield. Based on this background the objective of this research work was to evaluate the effects of seed vigor of common bean seed lots and its effects on crop grain yield. The treatments consisted of six seed lots of common bean, which were composed by different combinations of high and low vigor seeds. Seed lots were assessed by germination and vigor tests (first count of germination, electrical conductivity and accelerated aging). A field experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, with plots of six lines of five meters and were evaluated for grain yield at harvest. It was concluded that seed vigor affects common bean grain yield; the use of low vigor seeds results in grain yield reductions of up to 20%.

scholarly journals Effects of nitrogen fertilisation and irrigation on seed yield and yield components of signal grass (Urochloa decumbens)

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 294 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Canto ◽  
E. J. Pancera ◽  
A. Barth Neto ◽  
C. Bremm ◽  
P. U. Vier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilisation ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Urochloa Decumbens ◽  
Signal Grass

The effects of nitrogen (N) fertiliser rate and irrigation on seed yield and its components were evaluated for signal grass (Urochloa decumbens (Stapf) R.D. Webster; syn. of Brachiaria decumbens Stapf) cv. Basilisk in a field experiment in Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil. Two water regimes (irrigated and non-irrigated) and four nitrogen (N) fertiliser rates (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg ha–1) were applied to perennial signal grass crops in a split-plot randomised complete block design with three replications. In two consecutive harvests, favourable rainfall resulted in irrigation having limited influence on most measurements, and the combined application of irrigation and N fertiliser did not improve seed yield. Compared with the nil N, the highest N application rate significantly increased seed yield for the first crop (266 vs 498 kg ha–1) and the second crop (104 vs 286 kg ha–1). Nitrogen fertilisation significantly increased number of seed per area, reproductive tiller density and plant biomass at harvest for the first and second crops. Harvest index, 1000-seed weight, reproductive tiller weight, number of spikelets per panicle and number of seeds per panicle were unaffected by N rate. Harvest index ranged from 1.10% to 3.63% and 1000-seed weight from 2.15 to 3.36 g. There were no treatment effects on number of days to flowering or anthesis. Fertilisation with 75 kg N ha–1 for the first crop and 50–75 kg N ha–1 for the second crop maximised signal grass seed yield.

Heterosis, inbreeding depression and their relationship with genetic divergence in sesame ( Sesamum indicum L.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Banerjee ◽  
P. Kole
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Component Traits ◽  
Pure Lines

Seven parents (CST2002, MT34, OS-Sel-2, TKG22, AAUDT9304-14-4, B67 and Rama), their 21 F 1 s and 21 F 2 s were grown in summer 2003 in a randomized block design with three replications. Heterosis and inbreeding depression were studied for seven important yield-contributing characters (plant height, branch number plant −1 , capsules plant −1 , seeds capsule −1 , 1000-seed weight, stick yield plant −1 and seed yield plant −1 ). Maximum heterosis for seed yield plant −1 over the mid- and better-parent was recorded in CST2002×TKG22 (43.30%) and MT34×B67 (27.22%), respectively. Mid-parent heterosis for seed yield plant −1 was due to cumulative heterosis for various important component traits, such as capsules plant −1 , seeds capsule −1 and 1000-seed weight. Inbreeding depression was highest for seed yield, followed by 1000-seed weight, capsules plant −1 , branch number and plant height, indicating the predominance of non-additive genetic effects. B67×Rama exhibited significant positive heterosis in F 1 , but non-significant inbreeding depression in F 2 for seed yield. This cross can be utilized as basic material for identifying better pure lines. The clustering pattern indicated that in general genetically diverse parents exhibited more heterosis, as evident in the majority of the crosses.

scholarly journals Inheritance of Some Quantitative Characters in Pigeonpeas (Cajanus cajan (L.) Mill sp.)

1969 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-43
Author(s):  
Abad Morales Muñoz ◽  
Raúl Abrams
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Flowering Date ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Genotypic And Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
High Heritability

Three varieties and an irradiation-derived line of pigeonpeas were used as parents in five crosses as follows: P.I. 5690 X Kaki, P.I. 5690 X Saragateado, P.I. 5690 X 526, Kald X 526, and Saragateado X 526. The F2, F3 and parents of each cross were planted in the field at the Isabela Substation during 1966-67 in a randomized block design with three replicates. Genotypic variability was studied and genotypic and phenotypic correlations were calculated for all the crosses in the F2 and F3 generations. Genetic coefficients of variation and heritability estimates were computed for four traits in five crosses and for six traits in one particular cross. Frequency distributions are shown for date of flowering, plant height, and seed weight. There was much greater variation for all crosses, in general, in seed weight, plant height, and flowering date than in number of seeds per pod. With the exception of number of pods per plant the correlations between seed yield and other traits were not great enough to provide reliable indications for yield. The phenotypic and genotypic correlations between seed yield and number of pods per plant were high, above 0.90. However, their low heritability, 45.3 and 52.1 percent in F2 and F3 generations, tends to indicate that not too much progress could be expected for seed yield improvement by selecting for large number of pods per plant. Good progress by selection could be made by breeders in traits such as flowering date, plant height, and seed weight which showed high heritability values.

scholarly journals Rock Phosphate, Zeolite and Quail Manure to Enhance Potassium Uptake and Yield of Soybean on Alfisols

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Anis Masruroh ◽  
Surpriyono . ◽  
Slamet Minardi
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Vegetable Protein ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
K Uptake ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

Soybean seeds are the source of vegetable protein-based that most consumed in Indonesia, but apparently the production is unable to compensate the rate of increase in community needs. This study aims to determine the effect of Rock Phosphate (RP), zeolite and quail manure to enhance potassium (K) uptake and yield of soybean in Alfisols. A field experiment was conducted in June-October with a single factor Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) consisting of 9 treatments and 3 blocks (replicates). The dosage of RP, zeolite and quail manure used was 0 t ha-1, 2.5 t ha-1and 5 t ha-1. The results showed that zeolite 5 t ha-1 + quail manure 2.5 t ha-1 tended to increase K uptake. The combination of RP 2.5 t ha-1+ quail manure 5 t ha-1 significantly increases the number of filled pods and seed weight per plot. RP 5 t ha-1 + zeolite 5 t ha-1+ quail manure 5 t ha-1 also affects the number of filled pods and seed weight per plot. The treatment zeolite 2.5 t ha-1+ quail manure 2.5 t ha-1also affects the number of filled pods.

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