Effects of the cervical headgear in growing Angle Class II malocclusion patients: a prospective study

ABSTRACT Objective: Evaluate dental and skeletal changes resulting from the exclusive use of the cervical headgear for 15 ± 4 months in the treatment of patients with Class II division 1 malocclusion. Methods: Differences between the beginning (T1) and immediately after the end of the therapy (T2) with the cervical headgear in growing patients (Experimental Group, EG, n = 23) were examined and compared, during compatible periods, with those presented by a group of untreated individuals (Control Group, CG, n =22) with similar malocclusions and chronological age. The cephalometric variables evaluated were: ANB, GoGn.SN, AO-BO, S'-ANS, S'-A, S'-B, S'-Pog and S'-U6 (maxillary first molar). The Shapiro-Wilk and Levene tests were used to evaluate the results. Results: Significant differences were found relative to the ANB, S'-U6, AO-BO, S'-ANS, S'-A, S'-B and S'-Pog variables between T1 and T2 when comparing both groups. No statistically significant variation was found regarding the GoGn.SN angle. Conclusions: The use of cervical headgear promoted distal movement of the maxillary first molars and restricted the anterior displacement of the maxilla, without significantly affecting the GoGn.SN angle.

Download Full-text

Dental and skeletal components of Class II open bite treatment with a modified Thurow appliance

Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1590/2176-9451.19.1.019-025.oar ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 19-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Helder Baldi Jacob ◽

Ary dos Santos-Pinto ◽

Peter H. Buschang

Keyword(s):

Class Ii ◽

Open Bite ◽

Control Group ◽

State University ◽

Plane Angle ◽

Anterior Open Bite ◽

Skeletal Changes ◽

Mandibular Plane ◽

School Of Dentistry ◽

Experimental Group

INTRODUCTION: Due to the lack of studies that distinguish between dentoalveolar and basal changes caused by the Thurow appliance, this clinical study, carried out by the School of Dentistry - State University of São Paulo/Araraquara, aimed at assessing the dental and skeletal changes induced by modified Thurow appliance. METHODS: The sample included an experimental group comprising 13 subjects aged between 7 and 10 years old, with Class II malocclusion and anterior open bite, and a control group comprising 22 subjects similar in age, sex and mandibular plane angle. Maxillary/mandibular, horizontal/vertical, dental/skeletal movements (ANS, PNS, U1, U6, Co, Go, Pog, L1, L6) were assessed, based on 14 landmarks, 8 angles (S-N-ANS, SNA, PPA, S-N-Pog, SNB, MPA, PP/MPA, ANB) and 3 linear measures (N-Me, ANS-Me, S-Go). RESULTS: Treatment caused significantly greater angle decrease between the palatal and the mandibular plane of the experimental group, primarily due to an increase in the palatal plane angle. ANB, SNA and S-N-ANS angles significantly decreased more in patients from the experimental group. PNS was superiorly remodeled. Lower face height (ANS-Me) decreased in the experimental group and increased in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The modified Thurow appliance controlled vertical and horizontal displacements of the maxilla, rotated the maxilla and improved open bite malocclusion, decreasing lower facial height.

Download Full-text

Comparative Evaluation of Esthetic and Structural Aspects in Class II Functional Therapy. A Case-Control Retrospective Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18136978 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (13) ◽

pp. 6978

Author(s):

Gabriella Galluccio ◽

Rosanna Guarnieri ◽

Diana Jamshir ◽

Alessandra Impellizzeri ◽

Gaetano Ierardo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Class Ii ◽

Control Group ◽

Functional Therapy ◽

Skeletal Changes ◽

Facial Esthetics ◽

Division 1 ◽

Before And After ◽

Mandibular Retrognathia ◽

Structural Aspects ◽

Class Ii Division 1

To compare the skeletal, dental, and esthetic changes produced by three functional devices, Fränkel-2 appliance (FR-2), Twin Block (TB), and Occlus-o-Guide® (O-o-G®), for the treatment of Class II malocclusion. Methods: Sixty-five patients with Class II Division 1 malocclusion were divided into three groups and were analyzed through cephalometric analysis of skeletal, dental, and esthetic variables before and after treatment. The first group of 23 patients (F: 9; M: 14; mean age: 10.3 ± 1.08 years) was treated with FR-2, the second group of 18 patients (F: 8; M: 10; mean age 10.7 ± 1.05 years) was treated with TB, the third group (F: 11; M: 13; mean age: 9.05 ± 0.39 years) of 24 patients was treated with O-o-G®. The structural effects of the three devices were compared with a control group generated by the growth variations reported in the cephalometric atlas of Bhatia and Leighton. Esthetic analysis was performed comparing the results of the patients treated with a control group of 20 subjects with mandibular retrognathia and Class II Division 1 malocclusion, not subjected to therapy. Results: The three devices resulted in a significant increase in mandibular length, with higher results obtained for FR-2 and TB. A statistically significant increase in the IMPA angle was found for the O-o-G® group, and a notable reduction of both overjet and overbite was detected in all three groups of treated patients. The esthetic evaluation showed overall more significant results in the TB group, especially with regard to the reduction of facial convexity. The retrusion of the upper lip was on average more significant in the O-o-G® group, followed by that in the TB. Conclusion: All three devices have proven to be effective overall in resolving skeletal changes and improving facial esthetics.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of effect of PowerScopeTM class II corrector on skeletal, dental and Oro-pharyngeal airway dimension in Skeletal class II cases - A controlled prospective clinical study

IP Indian Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Research ◽

10.18231/j.ijodr.2021.025 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 144-149

Author(s):

Vijaylaxmi Mendigeri ◽

Sanjay Ganeshkar ◽

Praveen Ramdurg ◽

Shruti Singh ◽

Nishi Grover ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Class Ii ◽

Control Group ◽

Prospective Clinical Study ◽

Class Ii Malocclusion ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Pharyngeal Airway ◽

Skeletal Class Ii ◽

And Control ◽

Experimental Group ◽

Lower Incisors

: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of PowerScope (Class II Corrector) on skeletal, dental and oro-pharyngeal airway dimensions in class II malocclusion with retrusive mandible. Twenty patients with age group of 11 to 14 were selected for this study. Experimental group underwent Power scope class II corrector therapy and control group, alignment of only upper arch respectively. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken in both experimental group and control group before and after 6 month of treatment. Sixteen measurements in that eight skeletal, five dental and three pharyngeal airway were assessed to know the effect of PowerScope Class II corrector on skeletal, dental and pharyngeal airway PowerScope Class II corrector after treatment showed significant change in SNB (P = 0.01*), ANB (P=0.001*), Inferior airway space (IAS) (P=0.006*), lower incisors position (P=0.0001*) and overjet (P=0.0001*) where as these values were insignificant on comparison with control group except for lower incisors position (P=0.001*) and overjet (P=0.0001*) indicating that PowerScope corrects class II malocclusion mainly by dento alveolar changes not have significant effect on skeletal and oro-pharyngeal airway. Power Scope (Class II corrector) corrects skeletal class II malocclusion mainly by dental changes and has insignificant effect on skeletal and oro-pharyngeal airway.

Download Full-text

Angle Class II correction with MARA appliance

Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1590/s2176-94512013000100011 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 35-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Kelly Chiqueto ◽

José Fernando Castanha Henriques ◽

Sérgio Estelita Cavalcante Barros ◽

Guilherme Janson

Keyword(s):

Young Patients ◽

Class Ii ◽

Occlusal Plane ◽

Control Group ◽

Skeletal Changes ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

Division 1 ◽

Student’S T ◽

Student’S T Test ◽

Class Ii Division 1

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects produced by the MARA appliance in the treatment of Angle's Class II, division 1 malocclusion. METHODS: The sample consisted of 44 young patients divided into two groups: The MARA Group, with initial mean age of 11.99 years, treated with the MARA appliance for an average period of 1.11 years, and the Control Group, with initial mean age of 11.63 years, monitored for a mean period of 1.18 years with no treatment. Lateral cephalograms were used to compare the groups using cephalometric variables in the initial and final phases. For these comparisons, Student's t test was employed. RESULTS: MARA appliance produced the following effects: Maxillary growth restriction, no change in mandibular development, improvement in maxillomandibular relationship, increased lower anterior facial height and counterclockwise rotation of the functional occlusal plane. In the upper arch, the incisors moved lingually and retruded, while the molars moved distally and tipped distally. In the lower arch, the incisors proclined and protruded, whereas the molars mesialized and tipped mesially. Finally, there was a significant reduction in overbite and overjet, with an obvious improvement in molar relationship. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that the MARA appliance proved effective in correcting Angle's Class II, division 1 malocclusion while inducing skeletal changes and particularly dental changes.

Download Full-text

Dentoskeletal effects produced by a Jasper Jumper with an anterior bite plane

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/110115-737.1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 86 (5) ◽

pp. 775-781 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Turi Bassarelli ◽

Lorenzo Franchi ◽

Efisio Defraia ◽

Birte Melsen

Keyword(s):

Matched Control ◽

Class Ii ◽

Control Group ◽

Comprehensive Treatment ◽

Class Ii Malocclusion ◽

Significant Movement ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

Division 1 ◽

Student’S T ◽

Class Ii Division 1

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the dentoskeletal effects produced by a modified Jasper Jumper with an anterior bite plane for the correction of Class II division 1 malocclusion. Materials and Methods: A sample of 32 growing patients (mean age = 11.9 ± 1.4 years) with Class II division 1 malocclusion and increased overbite were treated with a modified Jasper Jumper (JJ) and anterior bite plane protocol and compared with a matched control group of 30 subjects with untreated Class II malocclusion (mean age 12.2 ± 0.8 years). Lateral cephalograms were taken before treatment (T1) and at the end of comprehensive treatment (T2). Mean treatment duration was 2.1 ± 0.4 years. The T1–T2 changes in the two groups were compared with Student’s t-tests for independent samples. Results: The JJ group was successfully treated to a Class I occlusal relationship with a significant reduction in overjet (–3.9 mm, P < .001) and overbite (–3.1 mm, P < .001). The JJ group exhibited a significant increase in mandibular length and a significant improvement in maxillomandibular sagittal skeletal relationships. The lower incisors were significantly proclined, while the lower first molars demonstrated significant movement in a mesial direction. Conclusions: Use of a modified JJ appliance and anterior bite plane is an effective protocol for the treatment of Class II malocclusion with increased overbite and greater skeletal (75%) than dentoalveolar (25%) effects mainly at the mandibular level.

Download Full-text

Dentoskeletal effects of Twin Block appliance in patients with Class II malocclusion

Medicine and Pharmacy Reports ◽

10.15386/mpr-1989 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mahamad Irfanulla Khan ◽

Praveen Kumar Neela ◽

Nayeem Unnisa ◽

Ajit Kumar Jaiswal ◽

Nadeem Ahmed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Class Ii ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Control Group ◽

Class Ii Malocclusion ◽

Mandibular Growth ◽

Twin Block ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

Division 1 ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Class Ii Division 1

Background and aim. Class II malocclusions are most commonly seen in orthodontic practice and in the recent times Twin Block appliance has been the most popular and widely used among removable functional appliances for the correction of Class II malocclusion in growing patients. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the dentoskeletal effects produced by the Twin Block appliance for the correction of Class II division 1 malocclusion with retrognathic mandible. Methods. Pre-treatment (T1) and post-treatment (T2) lateral cephalograms of 30 patients treated with Twin Block appliance (mean age = 10.8 ± 1.2 years) for the correction of class II division 1 malocclusion were compared with the 30 untreated class II control patients (mean age 11.2 ± 0.8 years) who did not undergo any treatment during this period. Both the groups were evaluated for the dentoskeletal changes using 24 angular and linear cephalometric measurements. The differences between the pre and post-treatment were calculated using a paired t-test. Results. The cephalometric analysis revealed that the Twin Block appliance stimulated mandibular growth and statistically significant differences were found between the two groups. Twin Block patients showed a statistically very high significant (p<0.001) increase in mandibular length (6.02 mm) compared with the control group (0.3 mm). ‘Headgear effect’ on the maxilla, increase in lower anterior facial height, significant reduction of overjet, overbite and Class I molar relationship was achieved in the Twin Block group. However, no significant changes appeared in the control group. Conclusion: The results of the present study conclude that the Twin Block appliance is effective in the treatment of Class II malocclusion and this is due to a combination of skeletal and dentoalveolar changes in both the arches.

Download Full-text

Craniofacial analysis of the Tweed Foundation in Angle Class II, division 1 malocclusion

Brazilian Oral Research ◽

10.1590/s1806-83242005000100013 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 69-75 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Paulo César Tukasan ◽

Maria Beatriz Borges de Araújo Magnani ◽

Darcy Flávio Nouer ◽

Paulo Roberto Aranha Nouer ◽

João Sarmento Pereira Neto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Class Ii ◽

Cranial Base ◽

Control Group ◽

Angle Class Ii ◽

Angle Class ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Division 1 ◽

The Difference ◽

School Of Dentistry ◽

Class Ii Division 1

This study has defined the cephalometric values of the Craniofacial Analysis of the Tweed Foundation for a sample of Brazilian subjects. The sample consisted of 211 cephalometric radiographs from subjects aged 12-15, which were divided into two groups: Class II group, with 168 lateral teleradiographs (cephalograms) of white Brazilian subjects, with Angle Class II, division 1 malocclusion, of both genders (82 males and 86 females); and the Control Group, with 43 lateral teleradiographs (cephalograms) of subjects whose occlusion was clinically excellent, and also of both genders (21 males and 22 females). The teleradiographs were selected from the files of the Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas, previously to the orthodontic treatment. The results demonstrated no sexual dimorphism for each group, as attested by the Student's t-test. The exploratory analysis (± 0.5 standard deviation) enabled the tolerance limits to be determined and a Craniofacial Analysis Table to be constructed using the respective cephalometric intervals. In addition, the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant according to the maxilla position. The maxilla was in a good position in relation to the cranial base. On the other hand, the mandible was retruded in relation to the cranial base in the Class II cases. The skeletal pattern was not defined because only the Facial Height Index (FHI) showed a vertical pattern in Class II subjects, while the Y Axis, SN.PlO, SN.GoMe and FMA values did not show any statistically significant difference between the groups. The Class II division 1 subjects showed lower incisors more labially tipped and a convex facial profile.

Download Full-text

Changes in Tooth Position and Vertical Dimension in Severe Class II Division 1 Cases during Begg Treatment

British Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1179/bjo.2.2.85 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 85-91 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

D. M. Menezes

Keyword(s):

Experimental Period ◽

Class Ii ◽

Treated Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Untreated Control Group ◽

Angle Class Ii ◽

Division 1 ◽

Skull Radiographs ◽

Apical Base ◽

Class Ii Division 1

This study was based on a cephalometric analysis of 45 children composed of two groups: a treated group with an Angle Class II division 1 occlusion and an untreated control group. The object of this study was to investigate changes in the dentofacial complex as a result of Begg therapy in the group of children having an Angle Class II division 1 occlusion compared with the untreated control group. Each child of the treated group had lateral skull radiographs taken during the experimental period: one before commencement of treatment, the second at the end of the first stage of treatment; that is as soon as the incisors reached an edge-to-edge relationship; and the third at the end of treatment 12 months after appliances were removed. Two lateral skull radiographs were taken of the children who formed the control group, one at the beginning, and the other at the end, of the experimental period. It was found that short term changes in the dento-facial complex during Begg treatment were associated with a significant increase in the height of the lower molars, a significant reduction in the height of the lower incisors and a significant reduction in apical base difference. The long term changes in the dentofacial complex as a result of Begg treatment were associated with a significant increase in the height of the lower molars, a significant reduction in apical base difference and some increase in lower facial height.

Download Full-text

Treatment Effects of the Herbst Appliance in Class II Malocclusion Patients after the Growth Peak

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1715789 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Rodrigo Hermont Cançado ◽

Guilherme Janson ◽

Bryan Tompson ◽

José Carlos de Castro Alvares ◽

Fabrício Pinelli Valarelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Class Ii ◽

Control Group ◽

Class Ii Malocclusion ◽

Control Groups ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

Treatment Changes ◽

Fixed Appliances ◽

And Control ◽

Experimental Group ◽

Mandibular Incisors

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate dentoskeletal changes in the treatment of Class II malocclusion with the Herbst Cantilever Bite Jumper (CBJ) appliance, associated with multibracket appliances after the growth peak, at pretreatment. Materials and Methods A sample of 37 individuals was divided into two groups: the experimental group comprised 16 patients treated consecutively for a mean period of 2.52 years with the Herbst CBJ appliance associated with multibracket appliances. A total of 21 subjects (10 males and 11 females) with Class II malocclusion and mean age at T1 of 16.08 years were followed for a mean period of 2.12 years composed the control group. Comparisons between the two groups were performed using initial and final lateral cephalograms. Comparisons between experimental and control groups at pretreatment and of the treatment changes were performed by Mann–Whitney or independent t-tests. Results Experimental group exhibited a significantly greater labial inclination of the mandibular incisors in comparison to the control group. Additionally, significantly greater corrections in overbite, overjet, and molar relationship were observed in the experimental than in the control groups. Conclusion The effects of the Herbst CBJ appliance, associated with fixed appliances after the growth peak in Class II malocclusion treatment are correction in molar relationship toward a Class I relationship, decrease of the overjet, decrease of the overbite, and mandibular incisors labial inclination.

Download Full-text

Comparative Dentoskeletal Study of Class II Division 1 and Class II Division 2 Malocclusion Subjects

Orthodontic Journal of Nepal ◽

10.3126/ojn.v1i1.9365 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 36-41

Author(s):

Jyoti Dhakal

Keyword(s):

Class Ii ◽

Class Ii Malocclusion ◽

Basic Difference ◽

Cephalometric Radiograph ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Division 1 ◽

Dentoskeletal Morphology ◽

Division 2 ◽

Dental Cast ◽

Class Ii Division 1

The dentoskeletal characteristics of Class II malocclusion subjects were evaluated using cephalometric radiograph and dental cast of 60 untreated patients. The sample included 30 Class II Division 1 and 30 Class II Division 2 malocclusion patients. The inter-canine, inter-premolar, inter-molar, inter-canine alveolar, inter-premolar alveolar, inter-molar alveolar widths are measured on study models. The result showed statistically significant difference between the groups for mandibular inter-canine width only. The cephalometric analysis revealed that SNB angle was responsible for the skeletal sagittal difference between the two groups except for the position of maxillary incisors. No basic difference in dentoskeletal morphology existed between Class II Division 1 and Class II Division 2 malocclusions.

Download Full-text