Gas Exchange in Caryocar Brasiliense Cambess Seedlings in Water Deficit Conditions

Abstract Local knowledge of biodiversity has been applied in support of research focused on utilizing and management of natural resources and promotion of conservation. Among these resources, Pequi (Caryocar brasiliense Cambess.) is important as a source of income and food for communities living in the Cerrado biome. In Pontinha, a “quilombola” community, which is located in the central region of State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, an ethnoecological study about Pequi was conducted to support initiatives for generating income for this community. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and crossing. The most relevant uses of Pequi were family food (97%), soap production (67%), oil production (37%), medical treatments (17%), and trade (3%). Bees were the floral visitors with the highest Salience Index (S=0.639). Among frugivores that feed on unfallen fruits, birds showed a higher Salience (S=0.359) and among frugivores who use fallen fruits insects were the most important (S=0.574). Borers (folivorous caterpillars) that attack trunks and roots were the most common pests cited. According to the respondents, young individuals of Pequi are the most affected by fire due to their smaller size and thinner bark. Recognition of the cultural and ecological importance of Pequi has mobilized the community, which has shown interest in incorporating this species as an alternative source of income.

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Boron Supply and Water Deficit Consequences in Young ParicÃ¡ (Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum) Plants

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha44110136 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 250-256 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bianca do Carmo SILVA ◽

PÃªola Reis de SOUZA ◽

Daihany Moraes CALLEGARI ◽

Vanessa Ferreira ALVES ◽

Allan Klynger da Silva LOBATO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Stomatal Conductance ◽

Gas Exchange ◽

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Water Use ◽

Electrolyte Leakage ◽

Tolerance Mechanism ◽

Schizolobium Parahyba ◽

Use Efficiency

Boron (B) is a very important nutrient required by forest plants; when supplied in adequate amounts, plants can ameliorate the negative effects of abiotic stresses. The objective of this study was to (i) investigate gas exchange, (ii) measure oxidant and antioxidant compounds, and (iii) respond how B supply acts on tolerance mechanism to water deficit in young Schizolobium parahyba plants. The experiment employed a factorial that was entirely randomised, with two boron levels (25 and 250 Âµmol L-1, simulating conditions of sufficient B and high B, respectively) and two water conditions (control and water deficit). Water deficit induced negative modifications on net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and water use efficiency, while B high promoted intensification of the effects on stomatal conductance and water use efficiency. Hydrogen peroxide and electrolyte leakage of both tissues suffered non-significant increases after B high and when applied water deficit. Ascorbate levels presented increases after water deficit and B high to leaf and root. Our results suggested that the tolerance mechanism to water deficit in young Schizolobium parahyba plants is coupled to increases in total glutathione and ascorbate aiming to control the overproduction of hydrogen peroxide and alleviates the negative consequences on electrolyte leakage and gas exchange. In relation to B supply, this study proved that sufficient level promoted better responses under control and water deficit conditions.

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Entomofauna Associada ao Pequizeiro (Caryocar brasiliense Cambess) na Serra da Bandeira, Barreiras, Bahia

Revista Brasileira de Zoociências ◽

10.34019/2596-3325.2018.v19.24733 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Adriana Gonçalves Barbosa ◽

Greice Ayra Franco-Assis

Keyword(s):

Caryocar Brasiliense ◽

Caryocar Brasiliense Cambess

Na ausência de informações sobre a interação entre insetos e pequizeiro na região Oeste da Bahia, o objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar a composição da entomofauna associada ao pequizeiro (C. brasiliense) em duas áreas com diferentes níveis de perturbação antrópica, na Serra da Bandeira, Barreiras, Bahia, bem como verificar se a fenologia da planta tem influência sob os insetos associados. Para isso, foram selecionados 20 pequizeiros, distribuídos entre duas áreas, preservada (A) e de borda (B). Os insetos foram amostrados mensalmente, de dezembro de 2015 a dezembro de 2016, utilizando como metodologia o guarda-chuva entomológico e o aspirador entomológico. A entomofauna foi identificada ao nível taxonômico de família e utilizou-se os índices de constância e percentual da abundância em sua análise. De maneira complementar, observou-se as fenofases da planta. No que concerne a análise dos dados da fenologia, se utilizou os índices de atividade, percentual de intensidade de Fournier, frequência e duração. No que se refere à fenologia, o C. brasiliense apresentou, nas duas áreas de estudo, padrões semelhantes nas fenofases vegetativas, enquanto diferenciavam suas características nas fenofases reprodutivas. Com relação à entomofauna, foram coletados 1860 insetos, sendo 785 indivíduos encontrados na área A e 1075 na área B. Quando se trata de diversidade, na área A, foram coletadas 22 famílias, enquanto a área B obteve 23 famílias. Portanto, ocorreram divergências tanto nos aspectos fenológicos (floração e frutificação) quanto na composição da entomofauna entre a área A e B, sendo que a fase reprodutiva do pequizeiro diferiu entre os anos (2015/2016), intercalando períodos de frutificação mais e menos produtivos. Os resultados da entomofauna demonstraram correlação com as fenofases do C. brasiliense na Serra da Bandeira. Dentre eles, a família mais representativa foi Formicidae, ao passo que alguns táxons, tais como Alleculidae, Erotylidae, Meloidae, Muscidae, Cercopidae, Pyrrhocoridae, Proscopiidae, Romaleidae, Stenopelmatidae e Tettigoniidae não predominaram.

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Water Deficit Modulates the CO2 Fertilization Effect on Plant Gas Exchange and Leaf-Level Water Use Efficiency: A Meta-Analysis

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.775477 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Fei Li ◽

Dagang Guo ◽

Xiaodong Gao ◽

Xining Zhao

Keyword(s):

Gas Exchange ◽

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Soil Water ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Water Use ◽

Future Climate Change ◽

Leaf Level ◽

Fertilization Effect ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Stimulation Of

Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations ([eCO2]) and soil water deficits significantly influence gas exchange in plant leaves, affecting the carbon-water cycle in terrestrial ecosystems. However, it remains unclear how the soil water deficit modulates the plant CO2 fertilization effect, especially for gas exchange and leaf-level water use efficiency (WUE). Here, we synthesized a comprehensive dataset including 554 observations from 54 individual studies and quantified the responses for leaf gas exchange induced by e[CO2] under water deficit. Moreover, we investigated the contribution of plant net photosynthesis rate (Pn) and transpiration rates (Tr) toward WUE in water deficit conditions and e[CO2] using graphical vector analysis (GVA). In summary, e[CO2] significantly increased Pn and WUE by 11.9 and 29.3% under well-watered conditions, respectively, whereas the interaction of water deficit and e[CO2] slightly decreased Pn by 8.3%. Plants grown under light in an open environment were stimulated to a greater degree compared with plants grown under a lamp in a closed environment. Meanwhile, water deficit reduced Pn by 40.5 and 37.8%, while increasing WUE by 24.5 and 21.5% under ambient CO2 concentration (a[CO2]) and e[CO2], respectively. The e[CO2]-induced stimulation of WUE was attributed to the common effect of Pn and Tr, whereas a water deficit induced increase in WUE was linked to the decrease in Tr. These results suggested that water deficit lowered the stimulation of e[CO2] induced in plants. Therefore, fumigation conditions that closely mimic field conditions and multi-factorial experiments such as water availability are needed to predict the response of plants to future climate change.

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Drought tolerance in cowpea species is driven by less sensitivity of leaf gas exchange to water deficit and rapid recovery of photosynthesis after rehydration

South African Journal of Botany ◽

10.1016/j.sajb.2015.08.008 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 103 ◽

pp. 101-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

R. Rivas ◽

H.M. Falcão ◽

R.V. Ribeiro ◽

E.C. Machado ◽

C. Pimentel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Exchange ◽

Drought Tolerance ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Leaf Gas Exchange ◽

Rapid Recovery

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Pequi pulp (Caryocar brasiliense Cambess): Drying kinetics and thermodynamic properties

AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY ◽

10.5897/ajb2014.13944 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 13 (33) ◽

pp. 3443-3449 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

R. M. Silva, ◽

G. R. Placido, ◽

D. E. C. Oliveira, ◽

M. A. P. Silva, ◽

M. Caliari,

Keyword(s):

Thermodynamic Properties ◽

Drying Kinetics ◽

Caryocar Brasiliense ◽

Caryocar Brasiliense Cambess ◽

Kinetics And Thermodynamic

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Effect of irrigation on leaf gas exchange and yield of cashew in northern Australia

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9960861 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 36 (7) ◽

pp. 861 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

H Schaper ◽

EK Chacko ◽

SJ Blaikie

Keyword(s):

Gas Exchange ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Leaf Gas Exchange ◽

Water Status ◽

Northern Australia ◽

Wet Season ◽

Leaf Water Status ◽

Continuous Irrigation ◽

Tropical Regions

Gas exchange, leaf water status, soil water use and nut yield of cashew trees were monitored during the reproductive phase in 2 consecutive years (1988 and 1989). Treatment 1 comprised continuous irrigation from the end of the wet season in April until harvest in October; T2, irrigation between flowering (mid June) and harvest; and T3, no irrigation. Irrigation was applied by under-tree sprinkler at 43 mm/week in 1988 and 64 mm/week in 1989. Measurement of leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll content and nut production showed that trees in T2 were as productive as those in T1 (>1.3 kg kernel/tree). In T3, water deficit caused a 4-fold reduction in leaf photosynthesis and reduced leaf chlorophyll content from about 600 to 400 mg/m2 during fruit development. There was no effect on the number of hermaphrodite flowers produced (both ranging from 0 to 15 hermaphrodite flowers/panicle) but the water deficit was associated with a lower kernel yield (1.16 kg kernel/tree). Commercial yields (kg kernel/tree) in irrigated treatments were 20% greater than in the non-irrigated treatment and the kernels from irrigated trees were of a higher grade (kernel recovery >32% in T1 and T2 compared with 27.4% in T3). These results suggest that irrigation of established cashew plantations in the tropical regions of northern Australia can be restricted to the period between flowering and harvest without reducing yield.

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