scholarly journals Accuracy of the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) in a community-dwelling oldest-old sample: the Pietà Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 276-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipi Leles da Costa Dias ◽  
Antônio Lúcio Teixeira ◽  
Henrique Cerqueira Guimarães ◽  
Maira Tonidandel Barbosa ◽  
Elisa de Paula França Resende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Geriatric Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Geriatric Depression ◽  
Psychiatric Interview

Abstract Introduction Late-life depression (LLD) is common, but remains underdiagnosed. Validated screening tools for use with the oldest-old in clinical practice are still lacking, particularly in developing countries. Objectives To evaluate the accuracy of a screening tool for LLD in a community-dwelling oldest-old sample. Methods We evaluated 457 community-dwelling elderly subjects, aged ≥75 years and without dementia, with the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15). Depression diagnosis was established according to DSM-IV criteria following a structured psychiatric interview with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Results Fifty-two individuals (11.4%) were diagnosed with major depression. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.908 (p<0.001). Using a cut-off score of 5/6 (not depressed/depressed), 84 (18.4%) subjects were considered depressed by the GDS-15 (kappa coefficient = 53.8%, p<0.001). The 4/5 cut-off point achieved the best combination of sensitivity (86.5%) and specificity (82.7%) (Youden's index = 0.692), with robust negative (0.9802) and reasonable positive predictive values (0.3819). Conclusion GDS-15 showed good accuracy as a screening tool for major depression in this community-based sample of low-educated oldest-old individuals. Our findings support the use of the 4/5 cut-off score, which showed the best diagnostic capacity.

Proposed Factor Structure of the Geriatric Depression Scale

1991 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javaid I. Sheikh ◽  
Jerome A. Yesavage ◽  
John O. Brooks ◽  
Leah Friedman ◽  
Peter Gratzinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
Geriatric Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
Geriatric Depression ◽  
Varimax Rotation

The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) is commonly used to measure depression in the elderly. However, there have been no reports of the underlying structure of the GDS. To this end, the GDS was administered to 326 community-dwelling elderly subjects, and the data were subjected to a factor analysis. A five-factor solution was selected and, after a varimax rotation, the factors that emerged could be described as: (1) sad mood, (2) lack of energy, (3) positive mood, (4) agitation, and (5) social withdrawal. This solution accounted for 42.9% of the variance. Knowledge of the factor structure should aid both clinicians and researchers in the interpretation of responses on the GDS.

Reliability, Validity, and Factor Structure of the Geriatric Depression Scale in Turkish Elderly: Are There Different Factor Structures for Different Cultures?

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Turan Ertan ◽  
Engin Eker
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Geriatric Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Geriatric Depression ◽  
Reasonable Time ◽  
Positive Form

The purpose of this study was to examine the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) translated into Turkish for its reliability, discriminant validity, and factor structure in a sample of 276 community-dwelling elderly and 30 patients with major depression. One item (Item 5) was discovered to have conceptual difficulty for Turkish elderly and was transformed to negative form. Item 2 was transformed to positive form to keep the number of positive and negative items equal to that in the original GDS. A reasonable time stability with 1-week interval (r:.74) and a high level of internal consistency (α = .91) were observed. Student's t test resulted in a significant discriminant validity for the scale total score. Factor study with principal component analysis and varimax rotation gave rise to a structure with seven factors. Results of the same analysis with two factors were found to be easier to interpret. The first factor was composed of 19 items reflecting “depressive affect and thought content.” The other 11 items representing “decrease in motivation and cognitive functions” loaded in the second factor. In conclusion, the Turkish GDS was found to have reasonable time reliability, high internal consistency, and discriminant validity for Turkish elderly. Its two-factor structure can be used as an informative instrument for epidemiological studies, reflecting two main dimensions of depression in the elderly.

scholarly journals Applicability of a cognitive questionnaire in the elderly and proxy

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Areza Fegyveres ◽  
Ana Paula Formigoni ◽  
Cláudia Sellitto Porto ◽  
Maria Teresa Carthery Goulart ◽  
Mirna Lie Hosogi Senaha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geriatric Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Geriatric Depression ◽  
Community Group ◽  
Proxy Report ◽  
Proxy Responses ◽  
The Mean ◽  
State Examination

Abstract The Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly with the Proxy (IQCODE) was developed as a screening tool for cognition alterations. Objectives: 1) To verify the applicability of IQCODE in the elderly with limited schooling, 2) To verify the reliability of the responses supplied by the aged and their proxies. Methods: Individuals of a Community Group were evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), IQCODE and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). The IQCODE was applied to informants and proxies. Results: We analyzed 44 individuals, aged between 58-82 years (M=66.8, SD=5.97) with mean elderly-schooling level of 3.75, SD=2.82 and 44 proxies aged 44.5 (SD=13.3), with mean schooling level of 8.25 (SD=4.3). The mean GDS was 8.22, SD=4.90 and 13 participants presented a score suggestive of depressive symptoms. The mean elderly IQCODE score was 3.26, SD=0.69 and 3.21, SD=0.65, for proxy responses. There was no statistical difference between these means. On the MMSE, the mean score was 24.20, SD=4.14 and 18 participants presented scores below the cut-off. The IQCODE answers by the elderly in this latter group were more congruent with MMSE than the answers of proxies. Conclusions: The applicability of the IQCODE in a population with little schooling was verified in that the proxy-report was similar to the elderly report. We can affirm that the elderly answers were more accurate than the proxies, as they were closer to MMSE score. The inclusion of a greater number of participants from community-dwelling settings is necessary to confirm the results obtained in this study.

scholarly journals Diagnostic accuracy of the Geriatric Depression Scale-30, Geriatric Depression Scale-15, Geriatric Depression Scale-5 and Geriatric Depression Scale-4 for detecting major depression: protocol for a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. e026598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Benedetti ◽  
Yin Wu ◽  
Brooke Levis ◽  
Machelle Wilchesky ◽  
Jill Boruff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Geriatric Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Individual Participant Data ◽  
Geriatric Depression ◽  
Subgroup Analyses ◽  
Individual Participant

IntroductionThe 30-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-30) and the shorter GDS-15, GDS-5 and GDS-4 are recommended as depression screening tools for elderly individuals. Existing meta-analyses on the diagnostic accuracy of the GDS have not been able to conduct subgroup analyses, have included patients already identified as depressed who would not be screened in practice and have not accounted for possible bias due to selective reporting of results from only better-performing cut-offs in primary studies. Individual participant data meta-analysis (IPDMA), which involves a standard systematic review, then a synthesis of individual participant data, rather than summary results, could address these limitations. The objective of our IPDMA is to generate accuracy estimates to detect major depression for all possible cut-offs of each version of the GDS among studies using different reference standards, separately and among participant subgroups based on age, sex, dementia diagnosis and care settings. In addition, we will use a modelling approach to generate individual participant probabilities for major depression based on GDS scores (rather than a dichotomous cut-off) and participant characteristics (eg, sex, age, dementia status, care setting).Methods and analysisIndividual participant data comparing GDS scores to a major depression diagnosis based on a validated structured or semistructured diagnostic interview will be sought via a systematic review. Data sources will include Medline, Medline In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, PsycINFO and Web of Science. Bivariate random-effects models will be used to estimate diagnostic accuracy parameters for each cut-off of the different versions of the GDS. Prespecified subgroup analyses will be conducted. Risk of bias will be assessed with the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool.Ethics and disseminationThe findings of this study will be of interest to stakeholders involved in research, clinical practice and policy.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018104329.

Do the GDS and the GDS-15 adequately capture the range of depressive symptoms among older residents in congregate housing?

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 950-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Betts Adams
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Geriatric Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Geriatric Depression ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Cut Points ◽  
Hit Rates

ABSTRACTBackground: In light of inconsistencies in cut points for identifying non-major depression, this study examined the classification efficiency of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS and GDS-15) total scores and individual items, and four additional depressive symptoms for identification of subthreshold, minor, or criterion depression among 166 vulnerable residents of congregate housing.Methods: Depression (combined categories of major depressive episode, minor, or subthreshold depression) was determined by the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) diagnostic interview depression module administered by telephone to 166 older residents of congregate housing facilities who also completed the 30-item GDS and four other yes/no potential indicators of geriatric depression. Classification agreement and ROC curve analysis for the full and 15-item GDS scale scores were calculated. Individual item hit rates for MINI criterion were calculated for GDS items and four new items.Results: GDS and GDS-15 at standard cut points had 70–75% agreement with MINI. Best sensitivity and specificity were obtained at lower than standard cut points. Some GDS Withdrawal, Apathy, lack of Vigor (WAV) and cognitive items obtained very low hit rates. New items “I just don't feel like myself” and “I feel I am a burden to others” better discriminated MINI depression than most GDS items and had good item-to-total correlations with the GDS.Conclusions: Diagnostic criteria and GDS screen had partial agreement. Some GDS items did not adequately represent depression among functionally impaired or oldest old older adults. Feeling one is a burden and the sense of feeling “different” from usual may be useful indicators of depression among vulnerable older adults.

Motivators and Barriers to Exercise in an Older Community-Dwelling Population

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiska Cohen-Mansfield ◽  
Marcia S. Marx ◽  
Jack M. Guralnik
Keyword(s):  
Functional Performance ◽  
Geriatric Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Geriatric Depression ◽  
Depressed Affect ◽  
Performance Barriers ◽  
Barriers To Exercise ◽  
Barriers And Motivators

This study aimed to ascertain perceived barriers and motivators to exercise in people age 74–85 and to clarify the meaning of these barriers and motivators by examining participant characteristics that relate to them. 324 community-dwelling participants age 74–85 completed a health questionnaire that included items on barriers and motivators to exercise, as well as questions on demographic variables, health, and exercise. Selected participants then completed a physical-performance battery to measure functional performance. Barriers and motivators were related internally, as well as to many other factors including pain and depressed affect on the Geriatric Depression Scale. The findings suggest a need for individualized and comprehensive approaches to the presentation of exercise programs. Health interventions are needed that will address both physical pain and depressed affect and explain the importance of exercise even in the presence of health problems. An understanding of the context of reported barriers and motivators is necessary for correct interpretation and program development.

scholarly journals The accuracy of diagnosis of major depression in patients with Parkinson's disease: a comparative study among the UPDRS, the geriatric depression scale and the Beck depression inventory

2008 ◽  
Vol 66 (2a) ◽  
pp. 152-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitor Tumas ◽  
Guilherme Gustavo Ricioppo Rodrigues ◽  
Tarsis Leonardo Almeida Farias ◽  
José Alexandre S. Crippa
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Beck Depression Inventory ◽  
Geriatric Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Geriatric Depression ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Highly Correlated

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the accuracy of diagnosis of major depression in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) using the UPDRS, the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS15) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). METHOD: 50 consecutive patients with PD were evaluated. The diagnosis of major depression was made according to the DSM-IV criteria. RESULTS: We found a 24% prevalence of major depression. All depression scales were highly correlated but UPDRS depression item had the lowest diagnostic value. The GDS15 had the more appropriate "receiver operating characteristics" curve. The best cut-off scores for screening depression were 17/18 for BDI and 8/9 for GDS15. We did not find any correlation between the level of depression and intensity of motor symptoms, functional capacity and duration of the disease. CONCLUSION: GDS15 is better than the BDI and the UPDRS for screening depression in PD and depression is not related to the degree of parkinsonian symptoms.

The value of FACT-G in screening cancer patients for depression

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 19557-19557
Author(s):  
S. Jang ◽  
J. Ackler ◽  
L. Braitman ◽  
W. Tester
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Clinical Interviews ◽  
Total Score Range ◽  
Patient Responses ◽  
Chemotherapy Patients

19557 Background: The prevalence of depression in cancer patients varies greatly, reported in the range of 5–50% depending upon the population studied. Several tools have been used to screen for depression, but it remains uncertain which tool is most valuable. The Zung self-rating depression scale (ZSDS) is one of the commonly used screening tools for depression. Using a cutoff value of ≥ 40, one study reported sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 55% in diagnosing depression. This study was designed (1) to investigate the prevalence of major depression in our population of outpatients receiving chemotherapy, (2) to determine the correlation between the ZSDS score and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - General version (FACT-G) score and (3) to examine whether statements from the FACT-G can be used as a screening tool for major depression. Methods: Sixty-two chemotherapy patients completed both ZSDS and FACT-G. Median age was 62 years (range 22–81); 55% were female. Patients with ZSDS scores ≥ 40 were interviewed, using standard DSM-IV criteria to evaluate for major depression. Pearson’s correlation was used to examine the correlation between ZSDS and FACT-G scores. We then analyzed responses to FACT-G statements to evaluate if certain questions from the FACT-G could be used as a screening tool for major depression. Results: Thirty patients had ZSDS score < 40, and were considered to not have major depression. Among the 32 patients with ZSDS score = 40, 30 underwent clinical interviews. Seven of these 30 were diagnosed with major depression. The prevalence of major depression was 7/60, or 12% (95% CI: 5% - 23%). The ZSDS score and FACT-G score had strong correlation (R= -0.75). If the total score (range 0–24) of six statements from FACT-G were ≤12, then these six FACT-G statements had sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 81% in predicting major depression. Conclusions: The prevalence of major depression was 12% in our population of chemotherapy patients. The ZSDS and FACT-G scores showed strong correlation. Patient responses to six selected statements from the FACT-G appear to be useful as a screening tool for depression. A confirmatory study with larger numbers of patients is planned. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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