scholarly journals Effects of environmental conditions associated to the cardinal orientation on the reproductive phenology of the cerrado savanna tree Xylopia aromatica (Annonaceae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 1007-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Gabriela G. Camargo ◽  
Regina M. Souza ◽  
Paula Reys ◽  
Leonor P.C. Morellato
Keyword(s):  
Edge Effects ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Reproductive Phenology ◽  
Canopy Openness ◽  
Cerrado Savanna ◽  
Cardinal Direction ◽  
Floral Visitation

The Brazilian cerrado has undergone an intense process of fragmentation, which leads to an increase in the number of remnants exposed to edge effects and associated changes on environmental conditions that may affect the phenology of plants. This study aimed to verify whether the reproductive phenology of Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart. (Annonaceae) differs under different light conditions in a cerrado sensu stricto (a woody savanna) of southeastern Brazil. We compared the reproductive phenology of X. aromatica trees distributed on east and south cardinal faces of the cerrado during monthly observations, from January 2005 to December 2008. The east face had a higher light incidence, higher temperatures and canopy openness in relation to south face. X. aromatica showed seasonal reproduction at both faces of the cerrado, but the percentage of individuals, the synchrony and duration of phenophases were higher at the east face. The study demonstrated the influence of the environmental conditions associated to the cardinal orientation of the cerrado faces on the phenological pattern of X. aromatica. Similar responses may be observed for other species, ultimately affecting patterns of floral visitation and fruit production, which reinforces the importance of considering the cardinal direction in studies of edge effects and fragmentation.

Comparing the potential reproductive phenology between restored areas and native tropical forest fragments in Southeastern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Débora Cristina Rother ◽  
Igor Lopes Ferreira Sousa ◽  
Eliana Gressler ◽  
Ana Paula Liboni ◽  
Vinícius Castro Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Reproductive Phenology ◽  
Forest Fragments

scholarly journals Agricultural crops in the diet of bearded capuchin monkeys, Cebus libidinosus Spix (Primates: Cebidae), in forest fragments in southeast Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Henrique de Freitas ◽  
Eleonore Z. F. Setz ◽  
Alba R. B. Araújo ◽  
Nivar Gobbi
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Production ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Capuchin Monkeys ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Plant Matter ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cebus Libidinosus

Capuchin monkeys occupy a wide range of habitats where they feed on fruits, arthropods, and vertebrates. Their large home ranges (80-900 ha) suggest that living in forest fragments may challenge their adaptability. We identified and quantified the main food items of Cebus libidinosus Spix, 1823 in forests fragments (100 ha) in southeastern Brazil. We recorded the feeding activities of two groups using scan sampling over a 13-month period. The diet was composed of fruits, crops, animal prey, seeds, plant matter and undetermined. Fruit was eaten more in the wet season than in the dry season, and maize and sugar cane consumption peaked in the early dry season. The proportion of fruit in the diet was positively correlated with fruiting intensity of zoochorous trees. The plant diet included 54 species, with maize, Rhamnidium elaeocarpus, Acrocomia aculeata, Guazuma ulmifolia and Cariniana, being most important. Although dietary composition and diversity were similar to capuchins in larger forest fragments, feeding on crops attained higher percentages at times when zoochorous fruit production was low in fragments.

scholarly journals Floristic, frequency, and vegetation life-form spectra of a cerrado site

2004 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Batalha ◽  
F. R. Martins
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Spectrum ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Life Form ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Frequency Spectra ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Normal Spectrum

We used Raunkiaer's system to classify in life-forms the vascular plants present in 12 random 25 m² quadrats of a cerrado site. The study area is covered by cerrado sensu stricto and is located in the Valério fragment, at about 22º13'S and 47º51'W, 760 m above sea level, in the Itirapina Ecological and Experimental Station, São Paulo State, southeastern Brazil. The floristic spectrum considers the life-form of each species, while in the frequency spectrum, each species is weighted by its frequency. The vegetation spectrum does not consider the species at all, but only the individuals in each life-form class. In the floristic spectrum, the most represented life-forms were the phanerophytes and the hemicryptophytes, as in other cerrado sites. This spectrum differed significantly from Raunkiaer's normal spectrum, mainly due to under-representation of therophytes and over-representation of phanerophytes. The floristic and frequency spectra were similar, but both differed from the vegetation spectrum. We recommend the floristic spectrum when working at larger scales and a description of the phytoclimate is wanted. The vegetation spectrum is preferable when working at smaller scales and wanting a quantitative description of the physiognomy. The frequency spectrum is not recommended at all.

Impact of environmental conditions on fruit production patterns of shea tree ( Vitellaria paradoxa C.F.Gaertn) in West Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loyapin Bondé ◽  
Oumarou Ouédraogo ◽  
Salifou Traoré ◽  
Adjima Thiombiano ◽  
Joseph I. Boussim
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Vitellaria Paradoxa ◽  
Shea Tree

scholarly journals Edge effects alter the role of fungi and insects in mediating functional composition and diversity of seedling recruits in a fragmented tropical forest

2020 ◽  
Vol 126 (7) ◽  
pp. 1181-1191
Author(s):  
Meghna Krishnadas ◽  
Kavya Agarwal ◽  
Liza S Comita
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Edge Effects ◽  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Canopy Openness ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Forest Fragments

Abstract Background and Aims In fragmented forests, proximity to forest edges can favour the establishment of resource-acquisitive species over more resource-conservative species. During seedling recruitment, resource-acquisitive species may benefit from either higher light availability or weaker top-down effects of natural enemies. The relative importance of light and enemies for recruitment has seldom been examined with respect to edge effects. Methods In a human-modified wet tropical forest in India, we first examined how functional traits indicative of resource-acquisitive vs. resource-conservative strategies, i.e. specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry matter content, wood density and seed size, explained interspecific differences in densities of seedling recruits with distance to the forest edge. Then, we checked whether fungicide and insecticide treatments and canopy openness (proxy for light availability) explained edge effects on trait-mediated changes in seedling density. Finally, we examined whether light availability and natural enemy activity explained edge effects on functional diversity of seedling recruits. Key Results Up to 60 m from edges, recruit densities increased with decreasing seed size, but not at 90–100 m, where recruit densities increased with higher SLA. Trait-mediated variation in recruit densities changed with pesticides only at 90–100 m: compared with control plots, fungicide increased recruit densities for low SLA species and insecticide increased smaller seeded species. For SLA, wood density and seed size, functional diversity of recruits was higher at 90–100 m than at 0–5 m. At 90–100 m, fungicide decreased functional diversity for SLA and insecticide reduced seed size diversity compared with control plots. Canopy openness explained neither variation in recruit density in relation to traits nor functional diversity. Conclusions Altered biotic interactions can mediate local changes to trait composition and functional diversity during seedling recruitment in forest fragments, hinting at downstream effects on the structure and function of human-modified forests.

Liana dynamics reflect land-use history and hurricane response in a Puerto Rican forest

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Aaron Hogan ◽  
Silvette Mayorquín ◽  
Katherine Rice ◽  
Jill Thompson ◽  
Jess K. Zimmerman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Canopy Openness ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Hurricane Effects ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
Subtropical Wet Forest ◽  
Tree Stem

Abstract:We studied lianas in a subtropical wet forest in Puerto Rico to understand how hurricane impacts and past human land-uses interact to affect liana dynamics over a 14-year period. We compared a high-intensity land-use area, where the forest that had been cleared, and used for subsistence agriculture before being abandoned in 1934 then regrew to a low-intensity land-use area, in which there had been only some selective experimental logging by the USDA Forest Service in the 1940s. Prior to our study, both areas were strongly affected by Hurricane Hugo in 1989, and again damaged to a lesser degree by Hurricane Georges in 1998, increasing canopy openness and subsequently increasing tree stem densities. Between 2001 and 2015, changes in the light environment and the recovery of forest structure resulted in roughly a 50% reduction in tree stem densities in the high-intensity land-use area, as recruited saplings naturally thinned. In this area, liana abundance increased by 103%, liana biomass tripled, and occupancy of trees by lianas grew by nearly 50%. In the low-intensity land-use area, juvenile stem densities were stable, and resultantly liana abundance only increased by 33%, liana biomass rose 39%, and the occupancy of trees was constant. Liana flower and fruit production increased over the 14-year interval, and these increases were much greater in the high-intensity land-use quadrats. Results of this study do show how rapid forest tree successional dynamics coincide with liana increases, but the confounding of hurricane effects of disturbance at our site, prevent us from asserting that the increases in liana density and biomass can be attributed to the same causes as those in forests elsewhere in the Neotropics.

scholarly journals Contribution of forest species to the floristic composition of a forested savanna in southeastern Brazil

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 763-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Henrique Ongaro Pinheiro ◽  
Reinaldo Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Shrub Species ◽  
The City

Based on studies of floristic lists the contribution of forest tree and shrub species in a forested savanna area in the city of Bauru, State of São Paulo, and in 14 different places sheltering cerrado sensu stricto and cerradão in Brazil is defined as the evidence of forest species causing a change of cerrado heterogeneity. The percentages of occurrence of forest species in the locations analyzed varied from zero to 4.5%. The proximity of different forest matrices, the occurrence of fires and the inclusion criteria used were some of the factors that may have influenced such variation.

scholarly journals Periphytic Diatoms in the Polluted Linggi (sensu stricto) and Kundor Rivers, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.S.A. NATHER KHAN
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Diatom Assemblage ◽  
Artificial Substrates ◽  
Nitzschia Palea ◽  
Periphytic Diatoms ◽  
Species Composition And Distribution ◽  
Periphytic Diatom

The investigation in this paper aimed to describe periphytic diatom assemblage, species composition and distribution in tropical polluted Linggi (sensu stricto or s.s.) and Kundor rivers in  Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.  Regardless of ecological and environmental conditions, diatoms were the numerically dominant flora among periphytic  algae  collected monthly over a period of 13 months at nine stations in the Linggi (s.s.) and Kundor rivers.  The freshwater periphytic diatom samples were collected mainly using artificial substrates and supplemented with natural substrates.  The periphytic diatoms thus collected from both natural and artificial substrates comprised 86 taxa (82 pennate and 4 centric forms) belonging to 21 genera. Of the 86 species, 71 species were found colonized in artificial substrates while the remaining 15 species were recorded exclusively on natural substrates. On the whole, the most common diatoms in both rivers combined were Eunotia vanheurckii, Gomphonema parvulum, Nitzschia palea, Pinnularia braunii, Navicula cryptocephala, Achnanthes saxonica, Achnanthes minutissima and Pinnularia microstauron.  The most abundant species were E. vanheurckii, N. palea, A. saxonica, G. parvulum and A. minutissima.

scholarly journals Community structure and comparative analysis of the woody component of a cerrado remnant in Southeastern Brazil

Hoehnea ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katia Losano Ishara ◽  
Rita de Cassia Sindrônia Maimoni-Rodella
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Structural Heterogeneity ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Geographical Position

The aims of the present work were to carry out a floristic-structural study of the shrubby-arboreal component of a savanna fragment (cerrado sensu stricto) in São Paulo State, Southeastern Brazil, and to compare with other areas. Twenty one plots of 250 m² each were delimited and plants with stem basal diameter equal or superior to 3 cm were included in the sampling. The recorded individuals corresponded to 3,062 and 58 species belonging to 34 families were registered. Asteraceae had the largest number of species (seven), followed by Fabaceae and Myrtaceae (five each). The most important species were Tibouchina stenocarpa and Anadenanthera falcata. The floristic composition of the study area indicates that it might be considered a transition from cerrado to seasonal semi-deciduous forest. The comparison with other surveys indicates floristic-structural heterogeneity of these cerrado areas and the multivariate analysis showed that areas grouped according to their geographical position and soil type.

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