scholarly journals Endemic hepatitis b and c virus infection in a brazilian eastern amazon region

2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo El Khouri ◽  
Quirino Cordeiro ◽  
Diogo Arantes Behling Pereira da Luz ◽  
Leandro Savoy Duarte ◽  
Mônica Elinor Alves Gama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Hepatitis B Infection ◽  
Hepatitis C Infection ◽  
City Center ◽  
History Of ◽  
Current Infection ◽  
The City

CONTEXT: Hepatitis B and hepatitis C infection has been an important cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. However there are few investigations regarding the prevalence and possible risk factors for these diseases in Brazil, particularly in Amazon region, where there are some endemic focus. OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C in the city of Buriticupu, MA, located in the Brazilian Eastern Amazon region, and try to explore the risk factors for these infections in that area. METHODS: Two hundred forty three subjects (46.5% male and 53.5% female) were investigated. RESULTS: The prevalence of past or current infection of hepatitis B and C virus was, respectively, 40.74% and 5.76%. Positivity for HBsAg was found in 2.88% of the subjects. The prevalence of current infection or chronic virus carriers found was 2.88% (HBsAg). There was a statistically significant relationship between the sera-prevalence of anti-HBc and the distance of the residence from the city center which may reflect an indirect association between the infection and precarious conditions of existence. Individuals with age equal or greater than 60 years were also more likely to be anti-HBc positive which could only reflect that older people have a longer history of exposure to hepatitis B infection. The prevalence of hepatitis C is higher than the worldwide estimate. CONCLUSION: Buriticupu may be considered endemic for hepatitis B and C. Hepatitis B infection could be related to precarious living conditions and old age. Hepatitis C was not associated with the variables investigated in the present investigation.

scholarly journals Correlation between bright echogenic liver, elevated liver enzymes and liver histology

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Iqbal Murshed Kabir ◽  
Mahbub Alam ◽  
Mohammad Mahmuduzzaman ◽  
Abdullah Al Mamoon ◽  
Mostak Uddin Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Histological Findings ◽  
Hepatitis C Infection ◽  
Elevated Liver Enzymes ◽  
History Of

A total of 30 cases having bright echogenic liver on ultrasonography and raised ALT levels without Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C infection and without having history of alcohol consumption were referred to Gastroenterology department of BIRDEM Hospital and selected for liver biopsy in the study. The patient’s BMI and demographic profiles were recorded and necessary biochemical tests were carried out. After obtaining the histopathological reports, the correlation between different possible risk factors including biochemical findings and histological findings was sorted out. Based on BMI of Asian population, 73.4% of patients were over weight, 23.3% were obese and only 3.3% were with normal BMI. 90% patients presented with diabetes and 80% had some form of dyslipidaemia. 41% patients exhibited hypertriglycerdaemia, 21% had hypercholesterolaemia and both cholesterol and triglyceride were high in 34% patients. Histopathological study revealed that all 30 patients exhibited fatty change with macrovesicular type being the predominant. 43.3% patients had mild (<33%) steatosis and the rest 56.7% had moderate (33-66%) steatosis. In terms of staging of fibrosis in the liver, 83.3% exhibited stage-1 fibrosis and only 6.7% had stage-2 fibrosis. The rest 10% of the patients did not have any fibrosis. No correlation was established between hepatic enzyme levels (AST & ALT levels) and grading of steatosis & stage of fibrosis. Study of association between possible risk factors (Age, Sex, Diabetes Mellitus, Dyslipidaemia & BMI) and grading of steatosis and stage of fibrosis demonstrated that none of these risk factors was associated with those histological findings. Therefore it can be concluded that the patients presenting with bright echogenic liver on ultrasonography and elevated liver enzymes without having hepatitis B and hepatitis C infection and history of alcohol consumption are almost certainly to have Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) specially if they are diabetic, dyslipidaemic and overweight or obese.The level of liver enzymes and the possible risk factors like age, sex, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia and BMI do not seem to be good estimates of the severity of NAFLD. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdnmch.v17i1.12184 J. Dhaka National Med. Coll. Hos. 2011; 17 (01): 8-13

scholarly journals Sexual behaviour and infection rates for HIV, blood-borne and sexually transmitted infections among patients attending drug treatment centres in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2000 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 383-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
F I Bastos ◽  
C M Lowndes ◽  
M Derrico ◽  
L R Castello-Branco ◽  
M I Linhares-De-Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Hepatitis C Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
History Of ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

A survey was carried out in 2 drug use treatment centres (TCs) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, to assess risk behaviours, HIV infection and other sexually transmitted infections/blood-borne infections (STIs/BBIs). Two hundred and twenty-five drug users (195 males and 30 females) were interviewed and clinically examined, and their blood and urine were tested for STIs/BBIs. Prevalences (%) for these infections were as follows - HIV: 0.9, hepatitis B virus (HBV): 14.7, hepatitis C virus (HCV): 5.8, syphilis: 5.3, gonorrhoea/chlamydia (CT/NG): 4.7. In bivariate analyses CT/NG infection was associated with younger age ( P =0.003); current genitourinary symptoms (odds ratio [OR]=6.2) and a mainly illegal source of income (OR= 9.1). Hepatitis C infection was associated with a history of ever having injected any drug (OR=19.6), and with each one of the injected drugs. After multiple logistic regression, lower educational level (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=3.70) and 'ever having injected drugs' (AOR=3.69) remained as independent risk factors for hepatitis B infection. In conclusion, TCs must implement programmes directed towards the prevention of STIs/BBIs.

Prevalence of Hepatitis ‘B’ and ‘C’ in Orthopaedics Patients Admitted In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Hospitals

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1208-1210
Author(s):  
A. Khan ◽  
M. S. Zardad ◽  
Abdussaboor awan ◽  
M. Tahir ◽  
M. A. E. Bhattani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Prior History ◽  
History Of Surgery ◽  
History Of ◽  
Orthopedic Patients

Background and Aim: Hepatitis B and C are widespread global health issues that are rapidly spreading in developing countries due to ineffective preventive measures.Undiagnosed hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) viral infections in hospitalized patients and outdoor attendees must be addressed in order to obtain a more accurate picture of HBV and HCV prevalence.The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of HBV and HCV in patients admitted to the orthopedic department. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study of 1080 patients admitted to the department of orthopedics at Ayub Medical Teaching Institute Abbottabad and Orthopaedics department of DHQ Hospital Thimergara Dir lower for duration of six months fromSeptember 2019 to February 2020.The study included patients of both sex and all ages who were undergoing surgery. Venous blood was drawn from 1080 people and tested for infection using ELISA.All patients were screened for Hepatitis B and C, and positive patients were confirmed using the Elisa method. Results:Out of 1080 patients, 756 (70%) were male and 324 (30%) were female. Hepatitis B and C were found in 86 (8%) of the patients. Out of 86 infected patients, 49 (4.53 %t) had hepatitis C and 37 (3.42 %) had hepatitis B. The prevalence of both hepatitis B and C infections were 4 (0.37 %) of the patients. Of the 49 hepatitis C patients, 32 (65.3%) were male and 17 (34.7%) were female. Thirty-one (83.8 %) of the 37 hepatitis B patients were male, while six (16.21 %) were female.The prevalence of risk factors were history of blood transfusion 14 (16.27 %) patients, Previous history of surgery 17 (19.8 %), dental procedure 6 (7.00 %), and abroad visit in 5 (5.81 %) patients. Conclusion:Hepatitis B and C are common in orthopedic patients, with the following risk factors: prior history of surgery or blood transfusion. To prevent the transmission of HBV and HCV to others, a routinely screened procedure should be followed on a regular basis. Keywords:Prevalence, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Orthopedic patients.

scholarly journals CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY OF PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF HEPATITIS B AND HEPATITIS C INFECTION IN A RURAL VILLAGE OF INDIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasad BHATE ◽  
Naimish SARAF ◽  
Pathik PARIKH ◽  
Meghraj INGLE ◽  
Aniruddha PHADKE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Blood Product Transfusion ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Hepatitis C Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hbsag Positivity

Background - Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus are among the principal causes of severe liver disease. There is limited data of epidemiology of Hepatitis B in community, more so in rural population. Objective - To find the prevalence of hepatitis B and C infection in community and study the risk factors for their transmission. Methods - This was a community based cross sectional study. A total of 1833 randomly selected subjects from a rural area were interviewed for risk factors for transmission and tested for markers of hepatitis B and hepatitis C infection. All the positive card tests were confirmed by ELISA. Results - Out of 2400 subjects, rate for participation was 76.38%. None of the subjects was positive for anti hepatitis C virus antibody. Point prevalence for HBsAg positivity was 0.92. Being healthcare worker and having tattoo were significantly associated with HBsAg positive results. Nose and ear piercing was reported by almost. History of blood or blood product transfusion, I/V drug abuse, multiple sexual partners, unsafe Injections, hemodialysis and any h/o surgery was not associated with HBsAg positivity. Conclusion - Health care workers are at high risk for transmission of hepatitis B. Educating common people regarding mode of transmission of Hepatitis B and C will help to reduce their transmission.

scholarly journals HEPATITIS 'B' AND 'C'

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (01) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD ZAFAR IQBAL ◽  
MUHAMMAD AZEEM ◽  
MUHAMMAD RAZZAQ MALIK
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Medical College Hospital ◽  
History Of Surgery ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
History Of

Background: Hepatitis B and C is a global problem. The prevalence of hepatitis B and C in orthopedic patients is quite high with the common risk factors: previous history of surgery or blood transfusion. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to, "Find out the prevalence of Hepatitis B and C and their risk factors in patients admitted in Orthopedic Unit of Sheikh Zayed Medical College Hospital Rahim Yar Khan.”. Design & Duration: This was a prospective cohort study. The duration was from July 2009 to December 2009. Patients and Methods: This study was conducted in Orthopedic Department of Sheikh Zayed Medical College Hospital Rahim Yar Khan. Patients of either sex and of all ages who were undergoing orthopedic surgery were included in the study. All patients underwent screening for Hepatitis-B and Hepatitis-C and confirmed by Elisa method in positive patients. Data regarding age, sex, HBV, HCV was noted and analyzed by SPSS version 14. Results: Among 745 patients. 581 (77.98%) were male and 164 (22.02%) were female. Hepatitis B and C was present in 165 (22.15) patients. Out of these positive cases 125 (75.76%) were suffering from hepatitis C and 36 (21.81%) were suffering from hepatitis B, and 4 (2.43%) patients were positive for both HBV & HCV. Among the predisposing factors previous history of surgery was positive in 39 patients; history of blood transfusion in 27 patients, dental procedure was in 17 patients’ and 123 patients having injection therapy in the past. Conclusions: All the patients who need surgery should be properly screened for HBV and HCV. It is also necessary that separate operation theaters and instruments should be used for HBV and HCV positive cases.

scholarly journals Risk factors for viral hepatitis C infection in Rwanda: Results from a Nationwide Screening Program

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Damascene Makuza ◽  
Carol Y Liu ◽  
Corneille Killy Ntihabose ◽  
Donatha Dushimiyimana ◽  
Sabine Umuraza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Case Finding ◽  
Public Health Approach ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Hepatitis C Infection ◽  
Viral Hepatitis C ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background: The epidemiology and risk factors for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Rwanda are not well known; however, this information is crucial to shaping the country’s public health approach to hepatitis C control. Methods: A HCV screening campaign was conducted in the general population in 24 districts previously identified to have a high HCV disease burden. At the time of sample collection, sociodemographic information and self-reported risk factors were collected. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were conducted to assess risk factors independently associated with hepatitis C antibodies (HCVAb) seroprevalence. Results: Out of a total of 326,263 individuals screened for HCVAb, 22,183 (6.8%) were positive. In multivariate analysis, risk factors identified as statistically associated with HCVAb Seroprevalence include history of traditional operation or scarification (OR=1.09, 95% CI: 1.05-1.14), presence of viral hepatitis in the family (OR=1.27, 95% CI: 1.15-1.40), widowed or separated/divorced (OR=1.36, 95% CI: 1.26-1.47), Southern province (OR=1.98, 95% CI: 1.88-2.08) and aged 65 years and older (OR=4.86, 95% CI: 4.62-5.11). Ubudehe category 3 (OR=0.97, 95% CI: 0.93-1.01) and participants using RAMA (Health insurances for employees of public and private sectors) insurance (OR=0.76, 95% CI: 0.70-0.85) had lower odds of HCV seroprevalence. Conclusions: Our findings provide important information for Rwanda’s strategy on prevention and case-finding. Future prevention interventions should aim to reduce transmission through targeted messaging around traditional healing practices and case-finding targeting individuals with a history of exposure or advanced age.

Risk factors for hepatitis B and hepatitis C infection in drug users

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. A23
Author(s):  
K.H. Lamden ◽  
N. Kennedy ◽  
N.J. Beeching ◽  
D. Lowe ◽  
C. Morrison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Hepatitis C Infection

Prevalence of markers for HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C infection in UK military recruits

2011 ◽  
Vol 139 (8) ◽  
pp. 1166-1171 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. BROWN ◽  
D. A. ROSS ◽  
A. J. H. SIMPSON ◽  
R. S. ERSKINE ◽  
G. MURPHY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Hepatitis B Infection ◽  
Hepatitis C Infection ◽  
Military Recruits ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Uk ◽  
New Recruits

SUMMARYAn unlinked anonymous survey was conducted to measure the prevalence of selected markers for HIV, hepatitis B and C infection in recruits to the UK Armed Forces to inform future screening and hepatitis B vaccination policies. During 2007, nearly 14 000 left-over samples taken from new recruits for blood typing were collected, unlinked from identifiers and anonymously tested for HIV, hepatitis C and current and past cleared hepatitis B infection. Overall, serological evidence of HIV and hepatitis C was found in 0·06% and 0·06% of recruits, respectively. Evidence of past cleared and current hepatitis B infection was found in 3·63% and 0·37% of recruits, respectively. Overall, prevalence rates were broadly consistent with UK population estimates of infection. However, HIV and hepatitis B prevalence was higher in recruits of African origin than in those from the UK (P<0·0001). Screening for these infections is an option that could be considered for those entering Services from high-prevalence countries.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Infections among Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Single-Centre Study in Somalia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Mohamed Osman Omar Jeele ◽  
Rukia Omar Barei Addow ◽  
Faduma Nur Adan ◽  
Liban Hassan Jimale
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Single Centre Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

Introduction. Hemodialysis patients have the highest risk for developing hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) than the general population. There is no study available for HBV and HCV in this population in Somalia. The main objective of this study is to determine the prevalence and risk factors of HBV and HCV infections among hemodialysis patients in Somalia. Methods. A cross-sectional assessment of hemodialysis patients from January 2021 to June 2021 was used in this study. 220 patients were included in this study. Age, sex, duration of hemodialysis, number of hemodialysis sessions per week, history of blood transfusion, HbsAg, and anti-HCV antibodies were examined. Results. Out of the 220 patients, males were predominant (113 (51.4%)). The mean age of the participants was 52.70. The prevalence of HBV was 7.3% (16 respondents), while the prevalence of HCV was 3.2% (7 respondents). 1 respondent (0.5%) had both HBV and HCV. There is a positive correlation between the duration of hemodialysis and the prevalence of HBV and HCV (r(218) = 0.298, p value <0.001), blood transfusion and prevalence of HBV and HCV (r(218) = 0.347, p value <0.001), and the number of hemodialysis sessions per week and prevalence of HBV and HCV (r(218) = 0.402, p value <0.001). The regression model of the combined predictors of history of blood transfusion, duration of hemodialysis, and number of dialysis sessions per week is R2 = 0.25, which indicates a 25% variance in the prevalence of HBV and HCV with a significance of F (3,216) = 23.67, p < 0 .001 . Conclusions. The prevalence of HBV and HCV among hemodialysis patients in this study was 7.3% and 3.2%, respectively. 0.5% of the respondents had both HBV and HCV. History of blood transfusion, duration of hemodialysis, and number of hemodialysis sessions per week appear to have a strong correlation with the prevalence of HBV and HCV.

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