scholarly journals HEPATITIS 'B' AND 'C'

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (01) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD ZAFAR IQBAL ◽  
MUHAMMAD AZEEM ◽  
MUHAMMAD RAZZAQ MALIK
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Medical College Hospital ◽  
History Of Surgery ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
History Of

Background: Hepatitis B and C is a global problem. The prevalence of hepatitis B and C in orthopedic patients is quite high with the common risk factors: previous history of surgery or blood transfusion. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to, "Find out the prevalence of Hepatitis B and C and their risk factors in patients admitted in Orthopedic Unit of Sheikh Zayed Medical College Hospital Rahim Yar Khan.”. Design & Duration: This was a prospective cohort study. The duration was from July 2009 to December 2009. Patients and Methods: This study was conducted in Orthopedic Department of Sheikh Zayed Medical College Hospital Rahim Yar Khan. Patients of either sex and of all ages who were undergoing orthopedic surgery were included in the study. All patients underwent screening for Hepatitis-B and Hepatitis-C and confirmed by Elisa method in positive patients. Data regarding age, sex, HBV, HCV was noted and analyzed by SPSS version 14. Results: Among 745 patients. 581 (77.98%) were male and 164 (22.02%) were female. Hepatitis B and C was present in 165 (22.15) patients. Out of these positive cases 125 (75.76%) were suffering from hepatitis C and 36 (21.81%) were suffering from hepatitis B, and 4 (2.43%) patients were positive for both HBV & HCV. Among the predisposing factors previous history of surgery was positive in 39 patients; history of blood transfusion in 27 patients, dental procedure was in 17 patients’ and 123 patients having injection therapy in the past. Conclusions: All the patients who need surgery should be properly screened for HBV and HCV. It is also necessary that separate operation theaters and instruments should be used for HBV and HCV positive cases.

Prevalence of Hepatitis ‘B’ and ‘C’ in Orthopaedics Patients Admitted In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Hospitals

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1208-1210
Author(s):  
A. Khan ◽  
M. S. Zardad ◽  
Abdussaboor awan ◽  
M. Tahir ◽  
M. A. E. Bhattani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Prior History ◽  
History Of Surgery ◽  
History Of ◽  
Orthopedic Patients

Background and Aim: Hepatitis B and C are widespread global health issues that are rapidly spreading in developing countries due to ineffective preventive measures.Undiagnosed hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) viral infections in hospitalized patients and outdoor attendees must be addressed in order to obtain a more accurate picture of HBV and HCV prevalence.The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of HBV and HCV in patients admitted to the orthopedic department. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study of 1080 patients admitted to the department of orthopedics at Ayub Medical Teaching Institute Abbottabad and Orthopaedics department of DHQ Hospital Thimergara Dir lower for duration of six months fromSeptember 2019 to February 2020.The study included patients of both sex and all ages who were undergoing surgery. Venous blood was drawn from 1080 people and tested for infection using ELISA.All patients were screened for Hepatitis B and C, and positive patients were confirmed using the Elisa method. Results:Out of 1080 patients, 756 (70%) were male and 324 (30%) were female. Hepatitis B and C were found in 86 (8%) of the patients. Out of 86 infected patients, 49 (4.53 %t) had hepatitis C and 37 (3.42 %) had hepatitis B. The prevalence of both hepatitis B and C infections were 4 (0.37 %) of the patients. Of the 49 hepatitis C patients, 32 (65.3%) were male and 17 (34.7%) were female. Thirty-one (83.8 %) of the 37 hepatitis B patients were male, while six (16.21 %) were female.The prevalence of risk factors were history of blood transfusion 14 (16.27 %) patients, Previous history of surgery 17 (19.8 %), dental procedure 6 (7.00 %), and abroad visit in 5 (5.81 %) patients. Conclusion:Hepatitis B and C are common in orthopedic patients, with the following risk factors: prior history of surgery or blood transfusion. To prevent the transmission of HBV and HCV to others, a routinely screened procedure should be followed on a regular basis. Keywords:Prevalence, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Orthopedic patients.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Hepatitis B Virus Infection Among Children in Enugu Metropolis

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1178122X1879285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryann Chinenye Ezeilo ◽  
Godwill Azeh Engwa ◽  
Romanus Ifeanyi Iroha ◽  
Damian Chukwu Odimegwu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Age Group ◽  
History Of Surgery ◽  
B Virus ◽  
History Of

Background: Though measures are being put in place for the management of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Nigeria, children remain the most vulnerable to develop chronic hepatitis. Routine screening in children is therefore necessary for effective control. However, the performance of the commonly used immunochromatographic test (ICT) strips has been challenging. Also, identifying the risk factors of transmission in this age group is of importance for the implementation of preventive measures. Hence, the goal of this study was to assess the test performance of the routinely used ICT strip and identify the associated clinical manifestations and risk factors of HBV. Methods: A cross sectional study involving 270 children below six years of age was conducted at ESUTH and Favor Child Pediatrics Hospital in Enugu, Nigeria. The subjects were screened for HBV by ICT and ELISA assays and a structured questionnaire was used to obtain participants data including demographic, socioeconomic, signs and symptoms, risk factors and vaccination. Results: BBased on ELISA, 31 out of 270 children were positive for HBV with an infection rate of 11.5%. ICT kit showed a low sensitivity of 51.6% in diagnosing HBV but was highly specific (100%) and accurate (94.4%). HBV infection was not associated with sex (χ2: 0.209; p = 0.401). The prevalence of HBV infection was similar in all the age group and HBV infection was not associated (χ2: 2.099; p = 0.914) with age group. All the clinical manifestations were not associated ( p > 0.05) with HBV infection. Blood transfusion, shared items, tattoo marks and history of surgery associated significantly ( p < 0.05) with HBV infections having odd ratios of 4.247, 4.224, 3.134 and 3.195 respectively. The vaccination rate was 55.2% (159/270) and only 3 (1.1%) out of 159 vaccinated subjected contracted the infection (OR: 0.068, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: HBV was prevalent (11.5%) in children below six years old in Enugu metropolis. Moreover, the routinely used ICT test was less reliable than ELISA in diagnosis HBV infection. More so, shared items, blood transfusion, tattooing and history of surgery were potential risk factors while vaccination served as a protective factor against the infection.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Infections among Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Single-Centre Study in Somalia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Mohamed Osman Omar Jeele ◽  
Rukia Omar Barei Addow ◽  
Faduma Nur Adan ◽  
Liban Hassan Jimale
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Single Centre Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

Introduction. Hemodialysis patients have the highest risk for developing hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) than the general population. There is no study available for HBV and HCV in this population in Somalia. The main objective of this study is to determine the prevalence and risk factors of HBV and HCV infections among hemodialysis patients in Somalia. Methods. A cross-sectional assessment of hemodialysis patients from January 2021 to June 2021 was used in this study. 220 patients were included in this study. Age, sex, duration of hemodialysis, number of hemodialysis sessions per week, history of blood transfusion, HbsAg, and anti-HCV antibodies were examined. Results. Out of the 220 patients, males were predominant (113 (51.4%)). The mean age of the participants was 52.70. The prevalence of HBV was 7.3% (16 respondents), while the prevalence of HCV was 3.2% (7 respondents). 1 respondent (0.5%) had both HBV and HCV. There is a positive correlation between the duration of hemodialysis and the prevalence of HBV and HCV (r(218) = 0.298, p value <0.001), blood transfusion and prevalence of HBV and HCV (r(218) = 0.347, p value <0.001), and the number of hemodialysis sessions per week and prevalence of HBV and HCV (r(218) = 0.402, p value <0.001). The regression model of the combined predictors of history of blood transfusion, duration of hemodialysis, and number of dialysis sessions per week is R2 = 0.25, which indicates a 25% variance in the prevalence of HBV and HCV with a significance of F (3,216) = 23.67, p < 0 .001 . Conclusions. The prevalence of HBV and HCV among hemodialysis patients in this study was 7.3% and 3.2%, respectively. 0.5% of the respondents had both HBV and HCV. History of blood transfusion, duration of hemodialysis, and number of hemodialysis sessions per week appear to have a strong correlation with the prevalence of HBV and HCV.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and risk factors for hepatitis B and hepatitis C in three large regions of Kazakhstan

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261155
Author(s):  
Alexander Nersesov ◽  
Arnur Gusmanov ◽  
Byron Crape ◽  
Gulnara Junusbekova ◽  
Salim Berkinbayev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Comprehensive Programs

Background & aims Kazakhstan has implemented comprehensive programs to reduce the incidence of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C. This study aims to assess seroprevalence and risk factors for HBsAg and anti-HCV positivity in three large regions of Kazakhstan. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in three regions geographically remote from each other. Participants were randomly selected using a two-stage stratified cluster sampling and were surveyed by a questionnaire based on the WHO STEP survey instrument. Blood samples were collected for HBsAg and anti-HCV testing. Results A total of 4,620 participants were enrolled. The seroprevalence was 5.5% (95%CI: 3.6%-8.4%) for HBsAg and 5.1% (95%CI: 3.5%-7.5%) for anti-HCV antibodies. Both were more prevalent in the western and northern regions than in the southern. A history of blood transfusion was significantly associated with anti-HCV presence, with odds ratios (ORs) of 2.10 (95%CI: 1.37–3.21) and was borderline associated with HBsAg 1.39 (95%CI: 0.92–2.10), respectively. Having a family member with viral hepatitis was also borderline associated (2.09 (95%CI: 0.97–4.50)) with anti-HCV positivity. Conclusions This study found a high-intermediate level of endemicity for HBsAg and a high level of endemicity for anti-HCV antibodies in three large regions of Kazakhstan. We found that history of surgery was not associated with HbsAg neither with anti-HCV seropositivity rates. Blood transfusion was associated with anti-HCV seropositivity, however, to investigate effectiveness of the introduced comprehensive preventive measures in health care settings, there is a need to conduct further epidemiological studies.

Comorbid Risk Factors for Acute Stroke: A Case-Control Study in Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-88
Author(s):  
Salahuddin Feroz ◽  
Shahjada Selim ◽  
Afsar Ahammed ◽  
Rahat Afza Chowdhury ◽  
Shahabul Huda Chowdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Acute Stroke ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Medical College Hospital ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

Background: There is a high prevalence of coexisting medical conditions in patients with acute stroke; therefore, clinical investigators often need to adjust for comorbidities when assessing the effect of those risk factors on patient outcome. Objective: This study aimed to determines comorbid risk factors in patients with acute stroke.Methodology: A hospital-based case control study was conducted in Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Hospital (ShSMCH) and Dhaka Medical College Hospital between January-June 2011. The cases and controls studied consisted of 175 hospitalized patients with stroke (confirmed by computed tomography scan) and 171 matched-age and sex controls that were hospitalized at the study hospital for condition other than stroke. After obtaining written informed consent from the patient or the closest attendant, all the information included to record were age, sex, monthly family income, family size, family history of CVD death, history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, ECG change, aspirin intake, blood pressure and heart rate, waist and hip circumference and psychosocial factors. The edited data then analyzed by SPSS V. 16.Result: The most predictive independent variables were history of hypertension (OR 4.056), psychosocial stress (OR 4.90) and increased WHR (OR 3.806) were found significant risk factor for developing stroke. Conclusion: Therefore, to recognize comorbid risk factors and to treat them appropriately is the key to establish primary preventive strategies in non-stroke patients or secondary preventive measures to avoid recurrence in stroke victims. Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2016;2(2): 84-88

scholarly journals Presentation and Risk Factors of Ischaemic Stroke Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
MN Islam ◽  
MN Huda ◽  
SKM Afzal ◽  
MK Rahman ◽  
MMR Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ischaemic Stroke ◽  
Past History ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Facial Weakness ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of

Stroke is the third most common cause of death and is the main cause of neurological disability today. This is an observational study conducted at the department of Medicine, Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, to observe the risk factors of ischaemic stroke and their presentation during hospital admission. Fifty patients of stroke with cerebral infarction confirmed by CT scan of brain were included. Hypertension (74%), diabetes (42%), overweight (22%), alcoholic (12%), past history of stroke (10%), previous history of TIA (16%), Carotid bruit (20%) and hypercholesterolemia (48%) were found as risk factors. Hemiplegia (96%), facial weakness (34%), deglutition problem (38%), speech difficulty (60%) and coma (14%) were observed during hospitalization.TAJ 2015; 28(2): 40-43

scholarly journals Types of Abortion and Its Consequences in Dhaka Medical College Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
Rokhshana Khatun ◽  
Osman Gani ◽  
Lipika Ghosh ◽  
Mamata Manjari
Keyword(s):  
Endotoxic Shock ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Medical College Hospital ◽  
Spontaneous Abortions ◽  
Missed Abortion ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
History Of ◽  
Septic Abortion

Background & objective: Among the gynaecological cases admitted in tertiary care hospitals, abortion occupies the highest position. But detailed studies about the pattern of abortion admitted in the hospitals are limited. The present study was intended to find the proportion of abortion cases to total admitted cases and describe the types, clinical presentation and consequences of abortions. Methods: This study was carried out among a cross-section of abortion patients admitted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital. A total of 100 women admitted with a history of abortion between January and June, 2003 were consecutively included in the study. On admission, blood sample was sent for blood grouping & cross-matching and estimation of haemoglobin. Additional investigations like routine blood test, TC, DC, urine for R/E were done in septic abortion cases. High vaginal swab was collected from all cases but only in 5 patients, it was possible to carry out culture and sensitivity test. All cases were admitted and followed up to discharge for studying their consequences. Result: Majority (61%) of the patients was admitted in their third decade of life. The included cases were predominantly poor (68%), Muslim (97%) and urban residents (78%). Over half (54%) of the patients were illiterate. Sixty percent patients were multipara, 21% primipara and 19% nullipara. Two patients were unmarried. One-quarter had previous history of 1-4 abortions. Of the 100 cases of abortions, over three-quarters (77%) were of spontaneous abortions and 23% were of induced abortions. Two-thirds (66%) of the cases presented with incomplete abortions, which among others, included incomplete MR (13%). Septic abortion was 12%; of which 10% were induced and 2% spontaneous abortions, complicated to septic abortions. Missed abortion was 10%, inevitable 10% and threatened 6%. Out of 100 cases, 86% required operative intervention which included dilatation, evacuation and curettage (95.2%), subtotal hysterectomy, repair of perforation, hysterotomy and colpotomy. Two threatened abortions cases continued their pregnancy. One threatened abortion, five missed abortion, one septic abortion and six inevitable abortion cases spontaneously expelled their product of conceptus. Seventy-nine patients received whole blood transfusion to compensate for haemorrhage. Over 80% were discharged from the hospital within 5 days. Complications (except anaemia) of abortion were found in 49% cases. One case of septic abortion with endotoxic shock and severe anemia died of the disease. Conclusion: Complications of abortion are preventable if the patients are made aware about the grave consequences of abortion and appropriate health services are extended at field levels. Ibrahim Card Med J 2020; 10 (1&2): 66-73

scholarly journals Analysis of Sociodemographic and Clinical Factors Associated with Hospitalized Stroke Patients of Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
AM Hossain ◽  
NU Ahmed ◽  
M Rahman ◽  
MR Islam ◽  
G Sadhya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischaemic Heart Disease ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of

A hospital based cross sectional study was carried out to analyze prevalence of risk factors for stroke in hospitalized patient in a medical college hospital. 100 patients were chosen using purposive sampling technique. Highest incidence of stroke was between the 6th and 7th decade. Patients came from both urban (54%) and rural (46%) areas and most of them belong to the low-income group (47%). In occupational category; service holder (28%) and retired person (21%) were the highest groups. Most of the study subjects were literate (63%). CT scan study revealed that the incidence of ischaemic stroke was 61% and haemorrhagic stroke 39%. Analysis indicated hypertension as major risk factor for stroke (63%) and major portion of the patients (42.85%) were on irregular or no treatment. Twenty four percent of the patients had heart diseases and out of 24 patients 45.83% were suffering from ischaemic heart disease. The present study detected diabetes in 21% patients. Fifty three percent of the study subjects were smoker, 39% patients had habit of betelnut chewing. Out of 26 female patients, only 23% had history of using oral contraceptives. Majority of the patients were sedentary workers (46%). Thirty seven percent of the stroke patients were obese. Among the stroke patients 9% had previous history of stroke and 3% had TIA respectively. Most of the patients (21%) were awake while they suffered from stroke and the time of occurrence was mostly in the afternoon (46%). This study found that hypertension, cigarette smoking, ischaemic heart disease and diabetes mellitus are the major risk factors prevalent in our community while other risk factors demand further study. Key words: stroke; risk factors; hospitalized patients; Bangladesh. DOI: 10.3329/fmcj.v6i1.7405 Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2011;6(1): 19-23

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