scholarly journals Polymyositis: clinical investigation in two sisters

2002 ◽  
Vol 60 (3A) ◽  
pp. 624-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margô Gomes de Oliveira Karnikowski ◽  
Bruno Rodrigues Veloso Costa ◽  
Oscar Francisco Sanchez Osella ◽  
Otávio de Tolêdo Nóbrega
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Diagnostic Protocol

We present an investigation of a case of polymyositis affecting two sisters of one same parenthood. Their cases have been documented for almost two decades, being investigated by means of a diagnostic protocol which combined clinical findings as well as laboratorial, histopathological and image tests. In both cases, clinical manifestations started in childhood, without signs of involvement of the central and peripheral nervous system. Both patients proved to respond to a therapeutics based on corticosteroids. The degree of relatedness between their parents corroborate the notion that genetic factors may contribute to the development of the disease.

scholarly journals Nervous system injury in alcoholic disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2S) ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
O. E. Zinovyeva ◽  
N. V. Vashchenko ◽  
O. E. Mozgovaya ◽  
T. A. Yanakaeva ◽  
A. Yu. Emelyanova
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Chronic Alcohol ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Chronic Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Alcoholic Disease

The paper considers various variants of nervous system injury in alcoholic disease. It discusses the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and clinical manifestations of central and peripheral nervous system lesions in the presence of acute and chronic alcohol intoxication. Attention is paid to the issues of etiotropic, pathogenetic, and symptomatic treatment for neurological manifestations of alcoholic disease and to the role of neurotropic B vitamins in the treatment of alcohol-induced deficiency and non-deficiency states.

scholarly journals Central and peripheral nervous system involvement by COVID-19: A systematic review of the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, neuropathology, neuroimaging, electrophysiology, and cerebrospinal fluid findings

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan I. Guerrero ◽  
Luis A. Barragán ◽  
Juan D. Martínez ◽  
Juan P. Montoya ◽  
Alejandra Peña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
Neurological Involvement ◽  
Categorical Analysis ◽  
System Involvement

Abstract Background: SARS-CoV-2 can affect the human brain and other neurological structures. An increasing number of publications report neurological manifestations in patients with COVID-19. However, no studies have comprehensively reviewed the clinical and paraclinical characteristics of the central and peripheral nervous system's involvement in these patients. This study aimed to describe the features of the central and peripheral nervous system involvement by COVID-19 in terms of pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, neuropathology, neuroimaging, electrophysiology, and cerebrospinal fluid findings.Methods: We conducted a comprehensive systematic review of all the original studies reporting patients with neurological involvement by COVID-19, from December 2019 to June 2020, without language restriction. We excluded studies with animal subjects, studies not related to the nervous system, and opinion articles. Data analysis combined descriptive measures, frequency measures, central tendency measures, and dispersion measures for all studies reporting neurological conditions and abnormal ancillary tests in patients with confirmed COVID-19.Results: A total of 143 observational and descriptive studies reported central and peripheral nervous system involvement by COVID-19 in 10723 patients. Fifty-one studies described pathophysiologic mechanisms of neurological involvement by COVID-19, 119 focused on clinical manifestations, 4 described neuropathology findings, 62 described neuroimaging findings, 28 electrophysiology findings, and 60 studies reported cerebrospinal fluid results. The reviewed studies reflect a significant prevalence of the nervous system's involvement in patients with COVID-19, ranging from 22.5% to 36.4% among different studies, without mortality rates explicitly associated with neurological involvement by SARS-COV-2. We thoroughly describe the clinical and paraclinical characteristics of neurological involvement in these patients. Conclusions: Our evidence synthesis led to a categorical analysis of the central and peripheral involvement by COVID-19 and provided a comprehensive explanation of the reported pathophysiological mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 infection may cause neurological impairment. International collaborative efforts and exhaustive neurological registries will enhance the translational knowledge of COVID-19's CNS and PNS involvement and generate strategies for therapeutic decision-making.Registration: This review is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020193140), July 24, 2020.

scholarly journals Clinical manifestations of peripheral nervous system involvement in human chronic chagas disease

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osvaldo Genovese ◽  
Carlos Ballario ◽  
Ruben Storino ◽  
Elsa Segura ◽  
Roberto E. R. Sica
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Sensory Impairment ◽  
System Involvement ◽  
Conduction Velocities ◽  
Sensory Action ◽  
Chronic Chagas Disease

We conducted a clinical and electromyographical study in patients with Chagas' disease in the indeterminate or chronic stages of the illness. Altogether 841 patients were examined. Only 511 were admitted within the protocol; the remainder patients were rejected because they showed other causes able to damage the nervous system. Fifty two (10.17%) out of the 511 patients showed signs and symptoms of peripheral nervous system involvement in the form of sensory impairment and diminished tendon jerks suggesting the presence of neuropathy. Forty five of them were submitted to a conventional electromyographical examination. Fifteen of mem showed normal results, while the remainder 30 disclosed a reduced interference pattern, being most of the remaining motor unit potentials fragmented or poliphasic, reduced sensory and motor conduction velocities and diminished amplitude of the sensory action potential. The findings suggest that some chagasic patients in the indeterminate or chronic stages of the disease may develop a clinical mild sensory-motor peripheral neuropathy.

scholarly journals The neuropathology of “typical” Friedreich's ataxia in Quebec

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (S4) ◽  
pp. 592-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.B. Lamarche ◽  
B. Lemieux ◽  
H.B. Lieu
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Spinal Ganglia ◽  
Cooperative Study ◽  
Segmental Demyelination ◽  
Dying Back

AbstractWe present the pathological data from the autopsies performed on 6 Friedreich's disease patients since the start of the Quebec Cooperative Study. All patients met the strict diagnostic criteria of the QCSFA. The anatomical lesions found in the peripheral and central nervous system were similar in all 6 cases and do not differ from those described in the literature. The clinical findings correlate closely with the histological lesions found in the peripheral nervous system and spinal cord. The evidence of segmental demyelination and remyelination in the spinal ganglia and posterior roots further supports the dying-back axonopathy hypothesis.

scholarly journals Postcovid neurological syndromes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Belopasov
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Emotional Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Complex Treatment ◽  
Functional Disorders ◽  
Quality Of Life Indicators

The article highlights the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations of lesions of the central and peripheral nervous system that have arisen or persist in patients in the postcoid period (Long-COVID-19). Their correct assessment, the use of effective methods of complex treatment, targeted neurorehabilitation contribute to the reversibility of functional disorders, prevention, reduction of disability, improvement of quality of life indicators, prevention of the progression of cognitive, emotional, behavioral disorders initiated by SARS-CoV-2.

Acute Manifestations of Neuromuscular Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (01) ◽  
pp. 115-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christyn Edmundson ◽  
Shawn Bird
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Neuromuscular Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Medical Complications ◽  
Anterior Horn Cell ◽  
Severe Morbidity ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Underlying Disorder

AbstractNeuromuscular emergencies may be defined as disorders or exacerbation of diseases of the peripheral nervous system that are rapidly progressive and potentially life-threatening. Such disorders can affect any level of the peripheral nervous system, from the muscle to the anterior horn cell. While their clinical manifestations may vary, severe morbidity and mortality is most frequently the result of neuromuscular respiratory failure. Some disorders, such as Guillain–Barré syndrome, provide the additional threat of severe, and potentially irreversible, nerve loss. Others, such as rhabdomyolysis and malignant hyperthermia, may produce serious medical complications. This article reviews neuromuscular emergencies by localization in the peripheral nervous system of the underlying disorder, as well as the identification and management of neuromuscular respiratory failure.

scholarly journals Central and peripheral nervous system involvement by COVID-19: a systematic review of the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, neuropathology, neuroimaging, electrophysiology, and cerebrospinal fluid findings

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan I. Guerrero ◽  
Luis A. Barragán ◽  
Juan D. Martínez ◽  
Juan P. Montoya ◽  
Alejandra Peña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
Neurological Involvement ◽  
Categorical Analysis ◽  
System Involvement

Abstract Background SARS-CoV-2 can affect the human brain and other neurological structures. An increasing number of publications report neurological manifestations in patients with COVID-19. However, no studies have comprehensively reviewed the clinical and paraclinical characteristics of the central and peripheral nervous system’s involvement in these patients. This study aimed to describe the features of the central and peripheral nervous system involvement by COVID-19 in terms of pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, neuropathology, neuroimaging, electrophysiology, and cerebrospinal fluid findings. Methods We conducted a comprehensive systematic review of all the original studies reporting patients with neurological involvement by COVID-19, from December 2019 to June 2020, without language restriction. We excluded studies with animal subjects, studies not related to the nervous system, and opinion articles. Data analysis combined descriptive measures, frequency measures, central tendency measures, and dispersion measures for all studies reporting neurological conditions and abnormal ancillary tests in patients with confirmed COVID-19. Results A total of 143 observational and descriptive studies reported central and peripheral nervous system involvement by COVID-19 in 10,723 patients. Fifty-one studies described pathophysiologic mechanisms of neurological involvement by COVID-19, 119 focused on clinical manifestations, 4 described neuropathology findings, 62 described neuroimaging findings, 28 electrophysiology findings, and 60 studies reported cerebrospinal fluid results. The reviewed studies reflect a significant prevalence of the nervous system’s involvement in patients with COVID-19, ranging from 22.5 to 36.4% among different studies, without mortality rates explicitly associated with neurological involvement by SARS-CoV-2. We thoroughly describe the clinical and paraclinical characteristics of neurological involvement in these patients. Conclusions Our evidence synthesis led to a categorical analysis of the central and peripheral neurological involvement by COVID-19 and provided a comprehensive explanation of the reported pathophysiological mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 infection may cause neurological impairment. International collaborative efforts and exhaustive neurological registries will enhance the translational knowledge of COVID-19’s central and peripheral neurological involvement and generate therapeutic decision-making strategies. Registration This review was registered in PROSPERO 2020 CRD42020193140 Available from: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020193140

FEATURES OF CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF POST-TRAUMATIC NEUROPATHIES AND PLEXOPATHIES RESULTED FROM GUNSHOT AND NON-GUNSHOT INJURIES OF EXTREMITIES

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
O. M. Borodai ◽  
Yu. V. Kas
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Gunshot Wounds ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Clinical Diagnoses ◽  
Post Traumatic

The number of traumatic injuries to nerve stems and plexuses is steadily increasing in peacetime during armed conflicts and terrorist acts. In wartime, peripheral nerve injuries are much more common, and a great deal of the knowledge about peripheral nerve damage and repair is based on combat experience. The study of the clinical course of post−traumatic neuropathies and plexopathies contributes to the development of clinical and neurological criteria and compensatory−restorative responses in traumatic lesions of the peripheral nervous system, helps to assess the functional significance of various parts of the nervous system when compensating a damaged functional unit. To study the features of clinical manifestations of post−traumatic gunshot and non−gunshot neuropathies and plexopathies, 63 patients underwent clinical and neurological examination with topical and clinical diagnoses, collection of detailed anamnesis and complaints, electroneuromyography and ultrasound examination. Movement disorders, characterized by peripheral paresis or plegia of the corresponding muscle group and accompanied with a reduced or lost tendon and periosteal reflexes, were common. Sensitivity disorders were a combination of prolapse (anesthesia, hypoesthesia) and irritation (paresthesia, hyperpathy, hyperesthesia). Autonomic disorders (vascular, secretory and trophic) in traumatic neuropathies differ depending on the clinical individuality of peripheral nerves. Vascular disorders were more often detected with partial damage to nerve structures and were accompanied by local edema. Of the secretory disorders, the most constant sign of impaired nerve conduction was sweating disorder. In the clinical picture of the pain syndrome, i.e. causalgia, the pain sensations by type of burning dominated. The intensity of the pain syndrome in severe cases was very high, in some cases the pain was exacerbated by irritation of the senses. The clinical picture of causalgia is characterized by an increased pain when warming the injured limb and it reduced when cooled, that is a "symptom of a wet rag." Knowledge of clinical features allows the detection of the peripheral nervous system lesions at the early stages of pathology, performance of dynamic clinical and neurological observation and treatment, timely use of modern additional research methods to address further treatment tactics that restore limb function, improve quality of life. Key words: post−traumatic neuropathy and plexopathy, peripheral nervous system, gunshot wounds of nerves and plexuses.

scholarly journals Pain management and stroke prevention in HHV-3-associated infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-84
Author(s):  
O. V. Kolokolov ◽  
A. L. Bakulev ◽  
A. A. Shuldyakov ◽  
N. S. Makarov ◽  
I. V. Sitkali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Pain Management ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Postherpetic Neuralgia ◽  
Stroke Prevention ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Rational Therapy ◽  
Modern Information

The modern information on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and pain management in HHV-3-associated neuro-infection is presented. The criteria for the phased diagnostics and approaches to the rational therapy for shingles and postherpetic neuralgia are presented. The conditions aimed at the prevention of pain due to the damage to peripheral nervous system and stroke due to HHV-3-associated vasculopathy are discussed.

scholarly journals Guillain–Barré Syndrome as a Neurological Complication of COVID-19 Infection: A Case Series and Review of the Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-161
Author(s):  
Hossein Mozhdehipanah ◽  
Sepideh Paybast ◽  
Reza Gorji
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Complication ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
Guillain Barré

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic. Although the main clinical manifestations of the COVID-19 infection have confined to the respiratory system, there is some evidence suggesting the neuro-invasive potential of the COVID-19. There are limited reports of Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) as a peripheral nervous system complication of COVID-19 infection. We described four patients with COVID-19 infection who developed acute polyneuropathy with a final diagnosis of Guillain–Barré syndrome. COVID-19 may have the potential to invade the peripheral nervous system. GBS, as one of the critical neurological complications of COVID-19, could be considered as a post-infectious event.

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