Acute Manifestations of Neuromuscular Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (01) ◽  
pp. 115-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christyn Edmundson ◽  
Shawn Bird
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Neuromuscular Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Medical Complications ◽  
Anterior Horn Cell ◽  
Severe Morbidity ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Underlying Disorder

AbstractNeuromuscular emergencies may be defined as disorders or exacerbation of diseases of the peripheral nervous system that are rapidly progressive and potentially life-threatening. Such disorders can affect any level of the peripheral nervous system, from the muscle to the anterior horn cell. While their clinical manifestations may vary, severe morbidity and mortality is most frequently the result of neuromuscular respiratory failure. Some disorders, such as Guillain–Barré syndrome, provide the additional threat of severe, and potentially irreversible, nerve loss. Others, such as rhabdomyolysis and malignant hyperthermia, may produce serious medical complications. This article reviews neuromuscular emergencies by localization in the peripheral nervous system of the underlying disorder, as well as the identification and management of neuromuscular respiratory failure.

scholarly journals Nervous system injury in alcoholic disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2S) ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
O. E. Zinovyeva ◽  
N. V. Vashchenko ◽  
O. E. Mozgovaya ◽  
T. A. Yanakaeva ◽  
A. Yu. Emelyanova
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Chronic Alcohol ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Chronic Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Alcoholic Disease

The paper considers various variants of nervous system injury in alcoholic disease. It discusses the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and clinical manifestations of central and peripheral nervous system lesions in the presence of acute and chronic alcohol intoxication. Attention is paid to the issues of etiotropic, pathogenetic, and symptomatic treatment for neurological manifestations of alcoholic disease and to the role of neurotropic B vitamins in the treatment of alcohol-induced deficiency and non-deficiency states.

scholarly journals Central and peripheral nervous system involvement by COVID-19: A systematic review of the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, neuropathology, neuroimaging, electrophysiology, and cerebrospinal fluid findings

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan I. Guerrero ◽  
Luis A. Barragán ◽  
Juan D. Martínez ◽  
Juan P. Montoya ◽  
Alejandra Peña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
Neurological Involvement ◽  
Categorical Analysis ◽  
System Involvement

Abstract Background: SARS-CoV-2 can affect the human brain and other neurological structures. An increasing number of publications report neurological manifestations in patients with COVID-19. However, no studies have comprehensively reviewed the clinical and paraclinical characteristics of the central and peripheral nervous system's involvement in these patients. This study aimed to describe the features of the central and peripheral nervous system involvement by COVID-19 in terms of pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, neuropathology, neuroimaging, electrophysiology, and cerebrospinal fluid findings.Methods: We conducted a comprehensive systematic review of all the original studies reporting patients with neurological involvement by COVID-19, from December 2019 to June 2020, without language restriction. We excluded studies with animal subjects, studies not related to the nervous system, and opinion articles. Data analysis combined descriptive measures, frequency measures, central tendency measures, and dispersion measures for all studies reporting neurological conditions and abnormal ancillary tests in patients with confirmed COVID-19.Results: A total of 143 observational and descriptive studies reported central and peripheral nervous system involvement by COVID-19 in 10723 patients. Fifty-one studies described pathophysiologic mechanisms of neurological involvement by COVID-19, 119 focused on clinical manifestations, 4 described neuropathology findings, 62 described neuroimaging findings, 28 electrophysiology findings, and 60 studies reported cerebrospinal fluid results. The reviewed studies reflect a significant prevalence of the nervous system's involvement in patients with COVID-19, ranging from 22.5% to 36.4% among different studies, without mortality rates explicitly associated with neurological involvement by SARS-COV-2. We thoroughly describe the clinical and paraclinical characteristics of neurological involvement in these patients. Conclusions: Our evidence synthesis led to a categorical analysis of the central and peripheral involvement by COVID-19 and provided a comprehensive explanation of the reported pathophysiological mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 infection may cause neurological impairment. International collaborative efforts and exhaustive neurological registries will enhance the translational knowledge of COVID-19's CNS and PNS involvement and generate strategies for therapeutic decision-making.Registration: This review is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020193140), July 24, 2020.

scholarly journals Clinical manifestations of peripheral nervous system involvement in human chronic chagas disease

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osvaldo Genovese ◽  
Carlos Ballario ◽  
Ruben Storino ◽  
Elsa Segura ◽  
Roberto E. R. Sica
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Sensory Impairment ◽  
System Involvement ◽  
Conduction Velocities ◽  
Sensory Action ◽  
Chronic Chagas Disease

We conducted a clinical and electromyographical study in patients with Chagas' disease in the indeterminate or chronic stages of the illness. Altogether 841 patients were examined. Only 511 were admitted within the protocol; the remainder patients were rejected because they showed other causes able to damage the nervous system. Fifty two (10.17%) out of the 511 patients showed signs and symptoms of peripheral nervous system involvement in the form of sensory impairment and diminished tendon jerks suggesting the presence of neuropathy. Forty five of them were submitted to a conventional electromyographical examination. Fifteen of mem showed normal results, while the remainder 30 disclosed a reduced interference pattern, being most of the remaining motor unit potentials fragmented or poliphasic, reduced sensory and motor conduction velocities and diminished amplitude of the sensory action potential. The findings suggest that some chagasic patients in the indeterminate or chronic stages of the disease may develop a clinical mild sensory-motor peripheral neuropathy.

scholarly journals Polymyositis: clinical investigation in two sisters

2002 ◽  
Vol 60 (3A) ◽  
pp. 624-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margô Gomes de Oliveira Karnikowski ◽  
Bruno Rodrigues Veloso Costa ◽  
Oscar Francisco Sanchez Osella ◽  
Otávio de Tolêdo Nóbrega
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Diagnostic Protocol

We present an investigation of a case of polymyositis affecting two sisters of one same parenthood. Their cases have been documented for almost two decades, being investigated by means of a diagnostic protocol which combined clinical findings as well as laboratorial, histopathological and image tests. In both cases, clinical manifestations started in childhood, without signs of involvement of the central and peripheral nervous system. Both patients proved to respond to a therapeutics based on corticosteroids. The degree of relatedness between their parents corroborate the notion that genetic factors may contribute to the development of the disease.

Guillain-Barré syndrome during childhood

1991 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-39
Author(s):  
R Lieberman ◽  
TW Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Progressive Weakness

Guillain-Barré syndrome is an acquired disease of the peripheral nervous system. The etiology appears to be autoimmune in nature. The major clinical features are progressive weakness and loss of reflexes, with respiratory failure being a serious complication. The prognosis for Guillain-Barré syndrome in children is good with proper intensive care and early detection of the disease.

scholarly journals Postcovid neurological syndromes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Belopasov
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Emotional Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Complex Treatment ◽  
Functional Disorders ◽  
Quality Of Life Indicators

The article highlights the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations of lesions of the central and peripheral nervous system that have arisen or persist in patients in the postcoid period (Long-COVID-19). Their correct assessment, the use of effective methods of complex treatment, targeted neurorehabilitation contribute to the reversibility of functional disorders, prevention, reduction of disability, improvement of quality of life indicators, prevention of the progression of cognitive, emotional, behavioral disorders initiated by SARS-CoV-2.

Insights into the biomarkers of viral encephalitis from clinical patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khushafa Thekra ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Zhaojun Zeng ◽  
Jiameng Sun ◽  
Haixia Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Viral Encephalitis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Csf Biomarkers ◽  
Variable Level ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Cognitive Problems

Abstract Background Biomarkers can be helpful in identifying patients who may profit by explicit treatments or evaluating the reaction to the treatment of specific disease. Finding unique biomarkers in the process of disease could help clinicians in identifying serious disease in the early stage, so as to improve prognosis. Objective These investigations, nonetheless, have made constrained progress. Numerous infections are known to cause intense viral encephalitis (VE) in people which can cause a variable level of meningeal just as parenchymal aggravation. Initial clinical manifestations in most encephalitis are nonspecific, resembling a viral-like illness. However, with disease progression, symptoms can become quite severe and fatal, including prominent cranial hypertension, cognitive problems, cerebral hernia, and respiratory failure. Forwards The clinical and research center discoveries in huge numbers of those viral issues are to a great extent comparable and in this way increasingly explicit biomarkers for indicative and prognostic intentions are justified. These biomarkers are progressively significant in the acknowledgment and treatment of the viral central nervous system (CNS) issue. Conclusion Clinical manifestations have been the indicative approaches for analysis of viral encephalitis. Lots of studies have been endeavored to distinguish progressively objective laboratory-based quantitative CSF biomarkers for VE.

scholarly journals ECMO Rescues Patients With Acute Respiratory Failure Related to GPA

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongjun Wan ◽  
Wenzhe Yang ◽  
Xinhua Ma ◽  
Wei Yang ◽  
Pinhua Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Acute Respiratory Failure ◽  
Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Systemic Involvement ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Life Threatening

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a subtype of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis with a wide range of clinical symptoms related to the systemic involvement of small blood vessels. The respiratory system is one of the most frequently involved, and life-threatening acute respiratory failure could occur due to diffusive alveolar hemorrhage and tracheal stenosis. When maximum mechanical ventilation is unable to maintain oxygenation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) should be considered as the final respiratory supportive method, if available. Here we present a 32-year-old male patient with acute respiratory failure (ARF) related to GPA, who was rescued by winning time for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Additionally, we reviewed more than 60 GPA-related ARF cases on multiple online databases, summarized the clinical manifestations of these patients, and concluded that ECMO plays an important role in further respiratory support for ARF patients with GPA and assists in accurate and timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment, thus helping them recuperate.

scholarly journals Central and peripheral nervous system involvement by COVID-19: a systematic review of the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, neuropathology, neuroimaging, electrophysiology, and cerebrospinal fluid findings

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan I. Guerrero ◽  
Luis A. Barragán ◽  
Juan D. Martínez ◽  
Juan P. Montoya ◽  
Alejandra Peña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
Neurological Involvement ◽  
Categorical Analysis ◽  
System Involvement

Abstract Background SARS-CoV-2 can affect the human brain and other neurological structures. An increasing number of publications report neurological manifestations in patients with COVID-19. However, no studies have comprehensively reviewed the clinical and paraclinical characteristics of the central and peripheral nervous system’s involvement in these patients. This study aimed to describe the features of the central and peripheral nervous system involvement by COVID-19 in terms of pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, neuropathology, neuroimaging, electrophysiology, and cerebrospinal fluid findings. Methods We conducted a comprehensive systematic review of all the original studies reporting patients with neurological involvement by COVID-19, from December 2019 to June 2020, without language restriction. We excluded studies with animal subjects, studies not related to the nervous system, and opinion articles. Data analysis combined descriptive measures, frequency measures, central tendency measures, and dispersion measures for all studies reporting neurological conditions and abnormal ancillary tests in patients with confirmed COVID-19. Results A total of 143 observational and descriptive studies reported central and peripheral nervous system involvement by COVID-19 in 10,723 patients. Fifty-one studies described pathophysiologic mechanisms of neurological involvement by COVID-19, 119 focused on clinical manifestations, 4 described neuropathology findings, 62 described neuroimaging findings, 28 electrophysiology findings, and 60 studies reported cerebrospinal fluid results. The reviewed studies reflect a significant prevalence of the nervous system’s involvement in patients with COVID-19, ranging from 22.5 to 36.4% among different studies, without mortality rates explicitly associated with neurological involvement by SARS-CoV-2. We thoroughly describe the clinical and paraclinical characteristics of neurological involvement in these patients. Conclusions Our evidence synthesis led to a categorical analysis of the central and peripheral neurological involvement by COVID-19 and provided a comprehensive explanation of the reported pathophysiological mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 infection may cause neurological impairment. International collaborative efforts and exhaustive neurological registries will enhance the translational knowledge of COVID-19’s central and peripheral neurological involvement and generate therapeutic decision-making strategies. Registration This review was registered in PROSPERO 2020 CRD42020193140 Available from: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020193140

scholarly journals Laboratory parameters of hemostasis in patients with COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-155
Author(s):  
E. A. Seregina ◽  
E. M. Koltsova ◽  
F. I. Ataullakhanov ◽  
A. G. Rumyantsev
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Laboratory Parameters ◽  
Common Disorder ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

The new coronavirus infection (currently classified as COVID-19), first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, has contributed to a significant increase in global mortality. Coagulopathy is a common disorder in COVID-19 patients, which develops in parallel with respiratory failure. Currently, COVID-19 continues to be a life-threatening disease and requires new developments and solutions to define preventive and curative strategies. Studies often report an abnormality in the balance of coagulation and fibrinolytic systems in COVID-19, but there is still no adequate set of laboratory tests that could provide a diagnosis of coagulopathy in COVID-19. This review analyzes current studies on the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 coagulopathy, and also analyzes the informativeness of laboratory hemostasis tests in relation to the severity of the disease and clinical outcomes.

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