scholarly journals The kariotype of the parasitoid Chelonus insularis Cresson (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Cheloninae)

2000 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. SILVA-JUNIOR ◽  
S. das G. POMPOLO ◽  
L. A. de O. CAMPOS ◽  
I. CRUZ
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Karyotype Evolution ◽  
Haploid Number ◽  
Chelonus Insularis

The karyotype of Chelonus insularis (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Cheloninae) is described. The males show an haploid number of seven chromosomes and the females a diploid number of fourteen chromosomes, confirming haplo-diploid sex determination. Comparisons of these results with karyotypes of other species of the same family were done and a possible mechanism involved in the karyotype evolution of this species is discussed.

scholarly journals Cytogenetics of the Brazilian whiptail lizard Cnemidophorus littoralis (Teiidae) from a restinga area (Barra de Maricá) in Southeastern Brazil

2004 ◽  
Vol 64 (3b) ◽  
pp. 661-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Peccinini-Seale ◽  
C. F. D. Rocha ◽  
T. M. B. Almeida ◽  
A. F. B. Araújo ◽  
M. A. De Sena
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer Regions ◽  
Interphase Nuclei ◽  
Determination Mechanism ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Chromosomal Sex Determination

Chromosomes of Cnemidophorus littoralis, a new species of teiid lizard recently described, were studied. The animals are from a restinga area in Barra de Maricá, RJ. The karyotype presents a diploid number of 2n = 46 chromosomes and a chromosomal sex determination mechanism of the type XX:XY. Nucleolar organizer regions, Ag-NORs, are at the sixth pair of chromosomes; there is variability of size and number of the Ag-stained nucleoli on the 50 interphase nuclei for each specimen analyzed. These nucleoli are related to NOR patterns that also demonstrated variability in size and number. This paper presents the first description of the karyotype of Cnemidophorus littoralis and of a chromosomal sex determination mechanism of the XX:XY type in the genus Cnemidophorus from Southeastern Brazil.

Studies in Australian Gryllacrididae: Taxonomy, biology, ecology and cytology

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
DCF Rentz ◽  
B John
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Karyotype Evolution ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Robertsonian Fusion ◽  
Structural Rearrangements ◽  
Detailed Structure ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Central Australia

This study utilises new taxonomic characters to define the Australian Gryllacrididae. Notes on biology, ecology and behaviour are presented. The chromosome complements of ten species are reported and illustrated. Nullanullia maitlia Rentz. gen. et sp. nov. was shown to be facultatively parthenogenetic in the laboratory. Kew taxonomic characters include the structure of the mandible and maxilla, the femoroabdominal stidulatory apparatus, the structure of the fastigium of the vertex, the punctation and colour of the frons, the size. shape and the medium and textured ocelli, and the detailed structure of male and female genitalia including sculpture of the ovipositor. Arrolla Rentz, gen. nov. is proposed to include A. rotamah (type species), A. lawrencei, A. platystyla, A. weiri, A. tibialis. A. turramurrae, A. lewisi, A. longicauda spp. nov.; A. fuscifrons (Ander) is transferred from Pareremus Ander to Arrolla Rentz. gen. nov. Apotrechus Brunner is defined and includes A. unicolor Brunner (type species), and A. illawarra Rentz. sp. nov. Kinemania Rentz, gen. nov. is described to include a single Tasmanian species. K. ambulans (Erichson) hitherto included in Apotrechus. Wirritina Rentz, gen. Nov. is proposed to include W. brevipes (Ander) (type species) formerly placed in Apotrechus and W. naumanni Rentz, sp. nov. Cooraboorama Rentz. gen. nov. is described for a single species, C. canberrae Rentz. sp. nov. Notes on several well-knoun species of Pareremus are presented with illustrations and redescriptions of types. 'Pareremus' atrofrons (Tepper), based on immatures, is probably misplaced in Pareremus. Penthoplophora Tepper. originally described as a stenopelmatid. is synonymised with Ametrus Brunner: no stenopelmatids are known from central Australia. The monotypic genera Ametrosomus Tepper and Apteronomus Tepper are redescribed and their type species described and illustrated. Moorscra Rentz, gen. nov. is described to include three fully-winged species: M. canobolas (type species), M. curragundi Rentz, spp. nov. Mooracra sp. 1 is illustrated but not described. Paragryllacris Brunner is redefined and its type species. Gryllacris combusta Gerstaecker, is described and illustrated. Chauliogryllacris Rentz. gen. nov. is proposed to include seven species, two of which are well-known — C. lobata (Brunner) and C. exserta Brunner. The genus also includes C. grahami (type species) and C. nungeena Rentz spp. nov.; other species are noted but not described. Nunkeria Rentz, gen. nov. is described to include two species, N. maitila, (type species) and N. feehani spp. nov. Nullanullia Rentz gen. nov. includes two species, N. maitlia (type species) and N. kotla spp. nov. Hyalogryllacris Karny is discussed and its large number of species (25) noted. H. hyalina (Brunner) (type species) is described and its role as a host for the sphecid wasp, Sphex vestitus. is noted. Hyalogryllacis sp. 9 is illustrated but not described. This paper reports the first cytological information for the Gryllacrididae from Australia. Chromosome numbers of 10 species indicate three clusters of species. These are not taxonomically relevant. One cluster with four species showed relatively high counts 2n = 26 female, 25 male; another cluster with three species showed a reduced diploid number apparently as a result of fusions; a third cluster contained three species with numbers ranging from 2n = 14 female to 2n = 10 female; in this group the number of large metacentrics has been reduced to either two or one. It seems that karyotype evolution in the gryllacridids has evolved in at least three ways: (1) Robertsonian fusion. (2) alterations in the amount and location of heterochromatin, and (3) structural rearrangements other than fusions.

Insects found in birds’ nests from Argentina: cytogenetic studies in Cimicidae (Hemiptera) and its taxonomical and phylogenetic implications

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2315 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIA G. POGGIO ◽  
MARIA J. BRESSA ◽  
ALBA G. PAPESCHI ◽  
OSVALDO DI IORIO ◽  
PAOLA TURIENZO
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Karyotype Evolution ◽  
Male Meiosis ◽  
Phylogenetic Implications ◽  
Cytogenetic Studies

The Cimicidae (Hemiptera) are known to be blood ectoparasites primarily on birds and bats. Three species of the subfamily Haematosiphoninae are known from Argentina: Acanthocrios furnarii, Ornithocoris toledoi, and Psitticimex uritui; all feed on diverse avian hosts. The chromosome number and male meiosis of A. furnarii, and P. uritui from new Argentinean samples are analyzed and compared with previous data. The sample of A. furnarii described by Ueshima (1966) with 2n = 32 + XY (male), strikingly differs from the present results (2n = 10 + XY, male). The diploid number of P. uritui agree with the previously reported by Ueshima (1966), 2n = 28 + X 1 X 2 Y (male). Taxonomical implications about the identity of A. furnarii are discussed and the mechanisms of the karyotype evolution of species belonging to Haematosiphoninae are proposed.

scholarly journals Revisiting the Karyotype Evolution of Neotropical Boid Snakes: A Puzzle Mediated by Chromosomal Fissions

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2268
Author(s):  
Patrik F. Viana ◽  
Tariq Ezaz ◽  
Marcelo de Bello Cioffi ◽  
Thomas Liehr ◽  
Ahmed Al-Rikabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Karyotype Evolution ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Chromosome Analysis ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Sex Chromosome System

The Boidae family is an ancient group of snakes widely distributed across the Neotropical region, where several biogeographic events contributed towards shaping their evolution and diversification. Most species of this family have a diploid number composed of 2n = 36; however, among Booidea families, the Boidae stands out by presenting the greatest chromosomal diversity, with 2n ranging between 36 and 44 chromosomes and an undifferentiated XY sex chromosome system. Here, we applied a comparative chromosome analysis using cross-species chromosome paintings in five species representing four Boidae genera, to decipher the evolutionary dynamics of some chromosomes in these Neotropical snakes. Our study included all diploid numbers (2n = 36, 40, and 44) known for this family and our comparative chromosomal mappings point to a strong evolutionary relationship among the genera Boa, Corallus, Eunectes, and Epicrates. The results also allowed us to propose the cytogenomic diversification that had occurred in this family: a process mediated by centric fissions, including fission events of the putative and undifferentiated XY sex chromosome system in the 2n = 44 karyotype, which is critical in solving the puzzle of the karyotype evolution of boid snakes.

The karyology of the genus Procerodes (Tricladida: Maricola) in British waters

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 961-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lodovico Galleni ◽  
Ileana Puccinelli
Keyword(s):  
Diploid Number ◽  
Chromosome 4 ◽  
Haploid Number ◽  
Chromosome 5 ◽  
Centromeric Index ◽  
Diploid Complement ◽  
Procerodes Littoralis

A karyometric analysis of the diploid complement of two species of the genus Procerodes (Tricladida: Maricola), both from British waters, has been carried outThe diploid number of Procerodes littoralis, 2n = 14, was established on mitosis from regenerative blastema and the haploid number n = 7 from spermatocyte I stages. All the chromosomes are metacentric, their centromeric index varying from 47·91 in the chromosome 5 to 38·39 in the chromosome 4.

scholarly journals Dynamic karyotype evolution and unique sex determination systems in Leptidea wood white butterflies

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jindra Šíchová ◽  
Anna Voleníková ◽  
Vlad Dincă ◽  
Petr Nguyen ◽  
Roger Vila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Karyotype Evolution

scholarly journals Comparative chromosome painting in Spizaetus tyrannus and Gallus gallus with the use of macro- and microchromosome probes

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259905
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Carvalho ◽  
Ivanete O. Furo ◽  
Patricia C. M. O’Brien ◽  
Jorge Pereira ◽  
Rebeca E. O’Connor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Chromosome Painting ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Karyotype Evolution ◽  
Gallus Gallus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Evolution Process ◽  
Hybridization Pattern ◽  
Comparative Chromosome Painting ◽  
Additional Information

Although most birds show karyotypes with diploid number (2n) around 80, with few macrochromosomes and many microchromosomes pairs, some groups, such as the Accipitriformes, are characterized by a large karyotypic reorganization, which resulted in complements with low diploid numbers, and a smaller number of microchromosomal pairs when compared to other birds. Among Accipitriformes, the Accipitridae family is the most diverse and includes, among other subfamilies, the subfamily Aquilinae, composed of medium to large sized species. The Black-Hawk-Eagle (Spizaetus tyrannus-STY), found in South America, is a member of this subfamily. Available chromosome data for this species includes only conventional staining. Hence, in order to provide additional information on karyotype evolution process within this group, we performed comparative chromosome painting between S. tyrannus and Gallus gallus (GGA). Our results revealed that at least 29 fission-fusion events occurred in the STY karyotype, based on homology with GGA. Fissions occurred mainly in syntenic groups homologous to GGA1-GGA5. On the other hand, the majority of the microchromosomes were found fused to other chromosomal elements in STY, indicating these rearrangements played an important role in the reduction of the 2n to 68. Comparison with hybridization pattern of the Japanese-Mountain-Eagle (Nisaetus nipalensis orientalis), the only Aquilinae analyzed by comparative chromosome painting previously, did not reveal any synapomorphy that could represent a chromosome signature to this subfamily. Therefore, conclusions about karyotype evolution in Aquilinae require additional painting studies.

Karyotype evolution in Curimatidae (Teleostei, Characiformes) from the Amazon region. II. Centric fissions in the genus Potamorhina

Genome ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 372-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliana Feldberg ◽  
J. I. R. Porto ◽  
C. M. Nakayama ◽  
L. A. C. Bertollo
Keyword(s):  
Diploid Number ◽  
Constitutive Heterochromatin ◽  
Karyotype Evolution ◽  
Organizer Region ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer Region ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer ◽  
Karyotypic Evolution ◽  
M 10 ◽  
Amazon Fish ◽  
Region Ii

Using cytogenetic analysis following Giemsa staining, nucleolar organizer region (NOR) staining, and C-banding, three distinct karyotypes in three species of curimatids belonging to the fish genus Potamorhina were identified: 2n = 54/44 M + 10 SM (P. pristigaster), 2n = 56/52 M + 2 SM + 2 ST (P. latior), and 2n = 102/2 M + 2 SM + 98 A (P. altamazonica). A 2n = 54 was considered to be the ancestral diploid number and the different karyotypes were probably the result of centric fissions. Both the NOR pattern and constitutive heterochromatin pattern are species specific.Key words: centric fissions, karyotypic evolution, Amazon fish, Curimatidae.

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