scholarly journals The epidemiology of acute viral gastroenteritis in hospitalized children in Cordoba city, Argentina: an insight of disease burden

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel O. GIORDANO ◽  
Leonardo J. FERREYRA ◽  
María B. ISA ◽  
Laura C. MARTINEZ ◽  
Silvia I. YUDOWSKY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Burden ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Viral Gastroenteritis ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Group A Rotaviruses ◽  
Group A ◽  
Immuno Assay ◽  
Enzyme Immuno Assay ◽  
The Impact

Information concerning the disease burden of viral gastroenteritis has important implications for the use and monitoring the impact of public health policies. The present study, carried out in Córdoba city, Argentina, documents the epidemiology of severe viral diarrhea as well as the burden of viral gastrointestinal disease in the hospital children admission. A total of 133 stools were collected from hospitalized children (Town Childhood Hospital) suffering from acute diarrhea and studied for the presence of Group A rotavirus, astrovirus and adenovirus 40/41 by enzyme-immuno assay, between November 1997 and October 1998. Enteric viruses accounted for 42.1% of the total diarrheal cases analyzed. Group A rotaviruses, astroviruses, adenoviruses 40/41 and mixed infections were found in 35.3, 4.5, 1.5, and 0.8% studied specimens respectively. We estimated that 1 in 27 children in the 0-35 month-old cohort/range would be annually hospitalized for a viral gastroenteritis illness. The major impact on viral diarrhea lies on rotaviral infection, accouting for 84.0% of the viral diarrheal cases analyzed and for approximately one third of severe diarrheas requiring hospital admission in Córdoba City, Argentina.

Application of a molecular method for the detection of group A rotaviruses in raw and treated water

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.B. van Zyl ◽  
P.J. Williams ◽  
W.O.K. Grabow ◽  
M.B. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Viral Gastroenteritis ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Drinking Waters ◽  
Group A Rotaviruses ◽  
Group A ◽  
Treated Drinking Water ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

Group A human rotaviruses (HRVs) are the most important aetiological agents of acute viral gastroenteritis in infants and young children in both developing and industrialised countries. Rotaviruses are resistant to many chemical disinfectants and reportedly survive well in treated tapwater and sewage. In this study a group A specific reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) followed by a nested-PCR was applied for the detection of HRVs in raw and treated drinking-water samples drawn at a water reclamation plant. For a period of two years (July 2000 to June 2002), borehole, raw and treated drinking-water samples were collected weekly. Viruses were recovered from the water samples using a glass wool adsorption-elution technique followed by secondary concentration using precipitation with polyethylene glycol. In the first year of the study group A HRVs were detected in 11% sewage samples, 8% partially treated waters and 5% final treated drinking waters. The results of the second year of the study showed the presence of group A HRVs in 11% sewage and untreated surface water samples, 15% partially treated water and 6.5% final treated drinking waters. No HRVs were detected in the water samples from the boreholes. The presence of group A HRVs in treated drinking-water samples suggested that this water could be a potential source of infection to consumers. The data also implied that either the water treatment did not remove HRVs or the treated water was contaminated post-treatment.

scholarly journals Serologic and molecular characterization of rotavirus from children with acute gastroenteritis in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 1734
Author(s):  
Ponnambalam Arun ◽  
Vidya Padmanabhan ◽  
K. Kaveri
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccines ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Immuno Assay ◽  
Enzyme Immuno Assay

Background: Rotavirus gastroenteritis is the leading cause of diarrhea in infants and young children worldwide. Although, Rotavirus vaccine has been introduced in 2017 in states like Tamil Nadu, there are reports of the role of Rotavirus as one of high disease burden agents with genetic variants arising, especially from low-income countries like India.Methods: Authors evaluated stool samples from 507 children with acute gastroenteritis Rotavirus A among the hospitalized children (>5 years) to provide baseline information on changing profile in this state. The stool samples were collected and screened for Rotaviral Antigen by Enzyme Immuno Assay and use of semi-multiplex RT PCR technique was conceded out in order to conclude the P and G genotypes of human rotavirus in rotavirus-positive samples from January 2014 to December 2016 in and around Chennai, India.Results: Of 507 samples collected 213 (42.01%) were positive for rotavirus antigen by Enzyme Immuno Assay (EIA). The maximum positivity (75%) was in the age group of one to two years. Rotavirus positives were subjected to further VP7 and VP4 molecular characterization and the predominant genotypes identified were G9P[4] followed by G9P[8], G1P[8], G3P[8], G2P[4] and mixed types of G2G9 with P[4] and G4P[6][11] with few untypable strains.Conclusions: This study had demonstrated the Rota Virus Gastro Enteritis (RVGE) is a common disease affecting the pediatric population and G9P[4], G9P[8] circulating types among the gastroenteritis cases reported in the city and its suburban area. This study in comparison to previous ones shows that the dominant serotypes and circulating genotypes changes from time to time within country. The results have reemphasized the need of rotavirus vaccines with broad serotype coverage which may help in decreasing the disease burden in this region of the country.

Global study of viral diarrhea in hospitalized children in Spain: Results of Structural Surveillance of Viral Gastroenteritis Net Work (VIGESS-net) 2006–2008

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sánchez-Fauquier ◽  
V. Montero ◽  
J. Colomina ◽  
V. González-Galán ◽  
J. Aznar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Gastroenteritis ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Global Study

Molecular analysis of the NSP4 and VP6 genes of rotavirus strains recovered from hospitalized children in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 854-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Trigueiros Araújo ◽  
Marcos Bryan Heinemann ◽  
Joana D'Arc P. Mascarenhas ◽  
Rosane M. Santos Assis ◽  
Alexandre Madi Fialho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Nsp4 Genotype ◽  
Group A Rotaviruses ◽  
Group A ◽  
Viral Morphogenesis ◽  
Outer Capsid ◽  
Genotype A

Group A rotaviruses are the main cause of acute gastroenteritis in children throughout the world. The two outer capsid proteins, VP4 and VP7, define the P and G genotypes, respectively. Rotaviruses with P[8]G1, P[4]G2, P[8]G3 and P[8]G4 genotypes are predominant in infecting humans and the G9 genotype is emerging in most continents as the fifth most common G type worldwide. The inner capsid protein VP6 is responsible for subgroup (SG) specificities, allowing classification of rotaviruses into SG I, SG II, SG I+II and SG non-I-non-II. The non-structural protein 4 (NSP4) encoded by segment 10 has a role in viral morphogenesis and five genetic groups have been described, NSP4 genotypes A–E. The aim of this investigation was to characterize the NSP4 and VP6 genes of rotavirus strains recovered from hospitalized children. Thirty rotavirus strains were submitted to RT-PCR followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Among the different G and P genotype combinations, two distinct genetic groups could be recognized for the NSP4 gene. Twenty-eight clustered with NSP4 genotype B. The two P[4]G2 strains fell into NSP4 genotype A and clustered distinctly, with a 100 % bootstrap value. The strains distinguished within a group were closely related to each other at the nucleotide and amino acid levels. A phylogenetic tree was constructed for the VP6 gene including the human strains RMC100, E210, Wa, US1205 and 1076, and the animal strains Gott, NCDV, SA-11, FI-14 and EW. This is the first report on Brazilian rotavirus strains describing NSP4 genotype A strains associated with VP6 SG I, and NSP4 genotype B strains associated with VP6 SG II.

Molecular analysis of group A rotaviruses detected in hospitalized children from Rawalpindi, Pakistan during 2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 160-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massab Umair ◽  
Bilal Haider Abbasi ◽  
Nadia Nisar ◽  
Muhammad Masroor Alam ◽  
Salmaan Sharif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Group A Rotaviruses ◽  
Group A

scholarly journals Molecular Epidemiology of Group A Rotaviruses in Water Sources and Selected Raw Vegetables in Southern Africa

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 4554-4560 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. van Zyl ◽  
N. A. Page ◽  
W. O. K. Grabow ◽  
A. D. Steele ◽  
M. B. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Viral Gastroenteritis ◽  
Group A Rotaviruses ◽  
Group A ◽  
Treated Drinking Water

ABSTRACT Group A rotaviruses (RVs) are the most important cause of acute viral gastroenteritis in infants and young children. In this study raw and treated drinking water supplies at plants in two geographic areas, as well as selected irrigation water and corresponding raw vegetables in three regions of southern Africa, were screened for the presence of RVs using molecular techniques. Group A RVs were detected in 11.8% of partially treated and 1.7% of finally treated drinking water samples and in 14% of irrigation water samples and 1.7% of corresponding raw vegetable samples. Type-specific reverse transcriptase-PCR and sequence analysis revealed the presence of multiple types (G1, G2, G8, and G9) in irrigation water and single types (G1 or G3) in raw and treated drinking water. Group A RVs detected in all samples consisted of mixed P types (P[4], P[6], P[8], and P[9]), with P[6] predominating. The detection of types G8, G9, and P[6] reflects the emergence of these types in clinical infections. The similarity of environmental types to those in patients with clinical RV infections confirms the value of wastewater screening as a tool for assessing RVs circulating in communities, with the benefit of detecting types that cause both clinical and subclinical infections. The results provide new information on RV types in water and related environments and identify the potential risk of waterborne transmission. In addition, the presence of RVs in drinking water underlines shortcomings in quality specifications. These data provide valuable information regarding the prevalence of RVs in environmental sources, with important implications for vaccine development.

scholarly journals Detection and molecular characterization of reassortant DS-1-like G1P [8] strains of rotavirus A

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
O. V. Morozova ◽  
T. A. Sashina ◽  
N. A. Novikova
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Nucleotide Sequences ◽  
Mutation Rates ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Viral Gastroenteritis ◽  
Rotavirus A ◽  
Group A Rotaviruses ◽  
Group A ◽  
First Time

Group A rotaviruses (RVA) are the main cause of viral gastroenteritis in children worldwide. In this study we provide the molecular characteristics of reassortant DS-1-like G1P[8] RVA strains detected in Russia for the first time. Previously, such reassortant strains were detected in Japan and Thailand. The G1P[8] RVAs with DS-1-like short electropherotype RNA-PAGE were isolated from children hospitalised with an acute gastroenteritis during the 2013-2014 period. The DS-1-like G1P[8] strains accounted for 2.6% of all RVA strains detected continuously throughout the season. A phylogenetic analysis was made on the basis of the established nucleotide sequences of genes VP7, VP8* (VP4), VP6 and NSP4. The Nizhny Novgorod strains belong to G1-I and G1-II alleles of VP7 gene and to P[8]-3 allele of VP4. According to their VP6 sequences, two Russian samples clustered with the reassortant strains isolated in Japan, Thailand and Australia and two other strains were phylogenetically close to the typical G2P[4] DS-1-like RVA. Nucleotide sequences of G1P[8] strains that belong to NSP4 gene form a separate cluster from G3P[8] DS-1-like rotaviruses detected in Thailand and Australia. The RVA alleles included in Rotarix and RotaTeq vaccine strains were clustered separately from the studied reassortant RVAs. On the grounds of phylogenetic analysis we assume a polyphyletic origin of reassortants between Wa- and DS-1-like strains. Mutation rates evaluated by Bayesian inference in clusters with reassortant RVA strains were 1.004Е-3 (VP7), 1.227E-3 (VP4), 3.909E-4 (VP6), and 4.014Е-4 (NSP4). Analysis of tMRCA showed relatively contemporary origin of alleles DS-1-like G1P[8] rotaviruses: VP7 - 1998 (G1-I) and 1981 (G1-II), VP4 - 1998, VP6 - 1994, NSP4 - 1979.

scholarly journals Group a Rotaviruses in Children with Gastroenteritis in a Canadian Pediatric Hospital: The Prevaccine Era

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. e1-e6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estelle Chetrit ◽  
Yvan L’Homme ◽  
Jagdip Singh Sohal ◽  
Caroline Quach
Keyword(s):  
Moving Average ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Publicly Funded ◽  
Canadian Hospital ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Group A Rotaviruses ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND: A publicly funded, group A rotavirus (RVA) vaccination program was implemented in Quebec in November 2011.OBJECTIVES: To evaluate trends in RVA infections and describe circulating genotypes before the implementation of a publicly funded vaccination program.METHODS: The Montreal Children’s Hospital (Montreal, Quebec) virology laboratory database was reviewed for RVA ELISA performed between July 2006 and June 2011. A five-week moving average was used to follow the proportion of positive RVA ELISA test results. A season was defined as starting with the first two and ending with the final two consecutive weeks in which the percentage of specimens testing positive for RVA was ≥10%. Duplicate tests were excluded. A random sample of 39 RVA-positive fecal samples from the final season (2010/2011) was genetically characterized:VP4,VP6,VP7andNSP4gene segments were genotyped using sequence analysis.RESULTS: Of the 3403 nonduplicate tests, 433 were RVA positive: 15.1% (2006/2007) to 9.3% (2010/2011) of the samples were positive during the study period, with a proportionally larger decrease in the percentage of positive tests compared with the decrease in the number of tests performed. The most common RVA strain types detected were G9P[8]I1 (n=19) and G1P[8]I1 (n=14), followed by G2P[4]I2 (n=4), G3P[6]I1 (n=1) and G4P[8]I2 (n=1). Mixed RVA infection was observed in two samples.CONCLUSION: Before the implementation of the vaccination program, the proportion of positive RVA tests had already begun to steadily decline. The present study was the first to report the genetic makeup of human RVA collected from a Canadian hospital based on the genotyping of four gene segments. The present study provided a baseline with which to monitor the impact of the universal vaccination program.

scholarly journals Evolution of DS-1-like human G2P[4] rotaviruses assessed by complete genome analyses

2014 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni M. Giammanco ◽  
Floriana Bonura ◽  
Mark Zeller ◽  
Elisabeth Heylen ◽  
Marc Van Ranst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complete Genome ◽  
Viral Gastroenteritis ◽  
Archival Collection ◽  
Antigenic Proteins ◽  
Genotype Constellation ◽  
Reassortant Strain ◽  
Novel Variant ◽  
Group A Rotaviruses ◽  
Group A ◽  
Genome Analyses

Group A rotaviruses (RVAs) are a leading cause of viral gastroenteritis in children, with G2P[4] RVA being one of the most common human strains worldwide. The complete genome sequences of nine G2P[4] RVA strains, selected from a 26-year archival collection (1985–2011) established in Palermo, Italy, were determined. A strain associated with a peak of G2P[4] RVA activity in 1996 resembled a reassortant strain identified in Kenya in 1982 and differed completely in genomic make up from more recent strains that circulated during 2004–2011. Conversely, the 2004–2011 G2P[4] RVAs were genetically more similar to contemporary RVA strains circulating globally. Recent G2P[4] strains possessed either single or multiple genome segments (VP1, VP3 and/or NSP4) likely derived from ruminant viruses through intra-genotype reassortment. Amino acid substitutions were selected and maintained over time in the VP7 and VP8* antigenic proteins, allowing the circulation of two contemporary G2P[4] variants to be distinguished. Altogether, these findings suggest that major changes in the genomic composition of recent G2P[4] RVAs occurred in the early 2000s, leading to the appearance of a novel variant of the DS-1-like genotype constellation. Whether the modifications observed in the neutralizing antigens and in the genome composition of modern G2P[4] RVAs may affect the long-term effectiveness of the vaccination programmes remains to be explored.

scholarly journals Group A Rotaviruses in Chinese Bats: Genetic Composition, Serology, and Evidence for Bat-to-Human Transmission and Reassortment

2017 ◽  
Vol 91 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Biao He ◽  
Xiaohong Huang ◽  
Fuqiang Zhang ◽  
Weilong Tan ◽  
Jelle Matthijnssens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Pcr Screening ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Genotype Constellation ◽  
Group A Rotaviruses ◽  
Group A ◽  
Novel Genotype ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Bats are natural reservoirs for many pathogenic viruses, and increasing evidence supports the notion that bats can also harbor group A rotaviruses (RVAs), important causative agents of diarrhea in children and young animals. Currently, 8 RVA strains possessing completely novel genotype constellations or genotypes possibly originating from other mammals have been identified from African and Chinese bats. However, all the data were mainly based on detection of RVA RNA, present only during acute infections, which does not permit assessment of the true exposure of a bat population to RVA. To systematically investigate the genetic diversity of RVAs, 547 bat anal swabs or gut samples along with 448 bat sera were collected from five South Chinese provinces. Specific reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) screening found four RVA strains. Strain GLRL1 possessed a completely novel genotype constellation, whereas the other three possessed a constellation consistent with the MSLH14-like genotype, a newly characterized group of viruses widely prevalent in Chinese insectivorous bats. Among the latter, strain LZHP2 provided strong evidence of cross-species transmission of RVAs from bats to humans, whereas strains YSSK5 and BSTM70 were likely reassortants between typical MSLH14-like RVAs and human RVAs. RVA-specific antibodies were detected in 10.7% (48/448) of bat sera by an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IIFA). Bats in Guangxi and Yunnan had a higher RVA-specific antibody prevalence than those from Fujian and Zhejiang provinces. These observations provide evidence for cross-species transmission of MSLH14-like bat RVAs to humans, highlighting the impact of bats as reservoirs of RVAs on public health. IMPORTANCE Bat viruses, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), Ebola, Hendra, and Nipah viruses, are important pathogens causing outbreaks of severe emerging infectious diseases. However, little is known about bat viruses capable of causing gastroenteritis in humans, even though 8 group A viruses (RVAs) have been identified from bats so far. In this study, another 4 RVA strains were identified, with one providing strong evidence for zoonotic transmission from bats to humans. Serological investigation has also indicated that RVA infection in bats is far more prevalent than expected based on the detection of viral RNA.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document