scholarly journals Brazilian norms for the International Affective Picture System (IAPS): comparison of the affective ratings for new stimuli between Brazilian and North-American subjects

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 270-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Lasaitis ◽  
Rafaela Larsen Ribeiro ◽  
Orlando Francisco Amodeo Bueno
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
International Affective Picture System ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
North Americans ◽  
The North ◽  
Reliable Instrument ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Normative Ratings

OBJECTIVE: The study presents the Brazilian norms for 240 new stimuli from International Affective Picture System (IAPS), a database of affective images widely used in research, compared to the North-American normative ratings. METHODS: The participants were 448 Brazilian university students from several courses (269 women and 179 men) with mean age of 24.2 (SD = 7.8), that evaluated the IAPS pictures in the valence, arousal and dominance dimensions by the Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) scales. Data were compared across the populations by Pearson linear correlation and Student's t-tests. RESULTS: Correlations were highly significant for all dimensions; however, Brazilians' averages for arousal were higher than North-Americans'. CONCLUSIONS: The results show stability in relation to the first part of the Brazilian standardization and they are also consistent with the North-American standards, despite minor differences relating to interpretation of the arousal dimension, demonstrating that IAPS is a reliable instrument for experimental studies in the Brazilian population.

scholarly journals Cross-cultural validation of the "International affective picture system" (IAPS) on a sample from Bosnia and Herzegovina

Psihologija ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasa Drace ◽  
Emir Efendic ◽  
Mirna Kusturica ◽  
Lamija Landzo
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
North American ◽  
International Affective Picture System ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Affective Ratings ◽  
The North ◽  
Stratified Sample ◽  
Valence And Arousal ◽  
Normative Ratings

In this study the normative ratings of the International Affective Picture System (IAPS, Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention [CSEA], 1995) were compared with the ratings from a Bosnian sample. Seventy-two psychology undergraduates from the University of Sarajevo (Bosnia and Herzegovina) rated valence, dominance and arousal for a stratified sample of 60 pictures that was selected from the IAPS. Reliability coefficients indicate that the self-report ratings are internally consistent. The affective ratings from our sample correlated strongly with the North American ratings at: .95, .81 and .91, respectively for valence, arousal and dominance. Consistent with expectations, mean valence and dominance ratings did not differ significantly between the Bosnian and North American sample. Furthermore, plotting of the Bosnian valence and arousal ratings results in a similar boomerang shaped distribution as the North American affective ratings. Taken together, findings obtained from the Bosnian sample confirm the cross-cultural validity of the IAPS.

Is international affective picture system (IAPS) appropriate for using in Iranian culture, comparing to the original normative rating based on a North American sample

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S520-S520 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Zamani
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
International Affective Picture System ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
American Sample ◽  
The North ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Normative Ratings ◽  
North American Sample

BackgroundPrevious studies have shown that cultural context has an influence on emotion and cognition. In this study the emotional response to international affective picture system (IAPS) was compared between Iranians and normative ratings of Americans young adults.MethodOne hundred and thirty eight Iranian university students (85 women, 48 men) age 18 to 52 (average= 31, SD = 7.76) enrolled in the study. Participants’ emotional response to IAPS images were rated in three dimensions (valence, arousal, dominance) using self-assessment Manikin (SAM) system. Then, valence, arousal, dominance scores were compared to those of 100 American undergraduates (50 females, 50 males) of the same age group, enrolled at Florida university and surveyed by Prof. PJ Lang in 2008.ResultOur results indicate that there is complete correlation between the mean ratings of valence, arousal and dominance between Iranian and American participants. Also the results showed similarities in valence ratings, but arousal ratings especially in female participants were different. The relationship between arousal and valence showed a similar boomerang shaped distribution seen with the North American sample. Iranian sample showed positively offset and negative bias comparable to the American counterparts.ConclusionThe results are promising in the sense that IAPS images can be used in studies within Iranian cultural context. However, arousal values require a modification for their proper application in Iranian cultural context.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Community-Engaged Research Builds a Nature-Culture of Hope on North American Great Plains Rangelands

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hailey Wilmer ◽  
Lauren Porensky ◽  
María Fernández-Giménez ◽  
Justin Derner ◽  
David Augustine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
North American ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Rangeland Management ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Community Engaged Research ◽  
The North ◽  
Effective Community

In the North American Great Plains, multigenerational ranches and grassland biodiversity are threatened by dynamic and uncertain climatic, economic, and land use processes. Working apart, agricultural and conservation communities face doubtful prospects of reaching their individual goals of sustainability. Rangeland research could serve a convening platform, but experimental studies seldom involve local manager communities. The Collaborative Adaptive Rangeland Management (CARM) project, however, has undertaken a ten-year, ranch-level, participatory research effort to explore how community-engaged research can increase our understanding of conservation and ranching goals. Using ethnographic data and the nature-culture concept—which recognizes the inseparability of ecological relationships that are shaped by both biological and social processes—we examine the CARM team’s process of revising their management objectives (2016–2018). In CARM’s early days, the team established locally-relevant multifunctional goals and objectives. As team members’ understanding of the ecosystem improved, they revised objectives using more spatially, temporally and ecologically specific information. During the revision process, they challenged conventional ecological theories and grappled with barriers to success outside of their control. The emerging CARM nature-culture, based on a sense of place and grounded in hope, provides insights into effective community-engaged research to enhance rangeland livelihood and conservation outcomes.

The extent of the North American boreal zone

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (NA) ◽  
pp. 101-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.P. Brandt
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Boreal Zone ◽  
Poor Agreement ◽  
Transitional Area ◽  
North American Continent ◽  
North Americans ◽  
The North ◽  
A Current

The circumpolar boreal zone is one of the world’s major biogeoclimatic zones, covering much of North America and Eurasia with forests, woodlands, wetlands, and lakes. It regulates climate, acts as a reservoir for biological and genetic diversity, plays a key role in biogeochemical cycles, and provides renewable resources, habitat, and recreational opportunities. Poor agreement exists amongst scientists regarding this zone’s delimitation and the areal extent of boreal forests, even though the zone has been well-studied. This paper reviews the literature on the phytogeography of the zone and makes use of a geographic information system (GIS) and published maps to delineate a current map of the North American boreal zone and the hemiboreal subzone, which is a transitional area lying immediately to the south of the boreal zone that is usually included in the boreal zone by Europeans but excluded by North Americans. On the basis of the map described here, the boreal zone covers about 627 million ha, or 29% of the North American continent north of Mexico. If the hemiboreal subzone, at 116 million ha, is included, then 34% of the same area is covered. Forests and other wooded land (362 million ha) cover 58% of the North American boreal zone on the basis of current forest inventory data. With forests and other wooded land of the hemiboreal subzone (68 million ha) factored in, this percentage remains basically unchanged. Values reported in this paper are compared with other published statistics. Important sources of error contributing to differences in areal statistics are discussed.

scholarly journals Soft Tissue Profile in White Brazilian Adults with Normal Occlusions and Well-Balanced Faces

2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helio Scavone ◽  
Wesley Zahn-Silva ◽  
Karyna Martins do Valle-Corotti ◽  
Ana Carla Raphaelli Nahás
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
American Women ◽  
White American ◽  
North Americans ◽  
The North ◽  
Nasolabial Angle ◽  
Soft Tissue Profile ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
White American Women

Abstract Objective: To analyze anteroposterior soft tissue facial parameters for a sample of white Brazilian adults and to compare these measurements with the values proposed for white North American adults. Materials and Methods: Facial profile photographs were taken of 59 white Brazilians (30 men and 29 women) with normal occlusions and balanced faces with ages ranging from 18 to 30 years. The independent Student's t-test (P < .05) was used to compare the soft tissue parameters of the Brazilians with those of the North Americans. Results: White Brazilian women presented a less protruded face compared with white American women except for the glabella region. White Brazilian women showed a smaller nasal projection, less protruded upper and lower lips, a more obtuse nasolabial angle, and a smaller projection of the B′ point and chin than white American women. Conversely, the two male groups demonstrated less evident soft tissue profile differences, with the exception of the nose projection, which was smaller in white Brazilian men than in white American men. Conclusions: A universal standard of facial esthetic is not applicable to diverse white populations. Differences regarding the soft tissue profile features were found between white Brazilians and white Americans. These differences should be considered in the orthodontic/orthognathic surgery diagnosis and treatment plan for white Brazilians together with the patient's individual opinion and perception of beauty.

scholarly journals A New Description of a Healthcare Professional’s Resilience, Incorporating an Eastern Philosophical Perspectives of Self-definition. How to Bridge the Gap between Independent and Interdependent Self-definition in Medical Education

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shizuma Tsuchiya ◽  
Yusuke Takamiya ◽  
Linda Snell
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
North American ◽  
The Self ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
The North ◽  
Interdependent Self ◽  
Medical Educators ◽  
American Society ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Different Cultures

Teaching about resilience is one of the biggest challenges in medical education. One of the problems is that medical educators might still ascribe to the individualistic self-definition mainly promoted in the North American society. This definition includes characteristics such as “enduring ongoing hardship,” “thriving on challenges,” “being healthy,” and “being stronger,” which may raise hidden expectations that a healthcare professional’s personality should be strong enough to bounce back to his or her original condition even in a psychologically demanding situation. Psychological theorists describe two broad modes of self-definition in two different cultures: independent self-definition in North American individualism and interdependent self-definition in East Asian collectivism. Despite this seemingly stereotypical discussion on the characteristics of self-definition, a discussion of the two types of self-definition can still encourage medical educators to propose a broader model of resilience in medical education. More specifically, a person using an independent self-definition may become be a complete, whole, autonomous entity, without others, and thus tends to achieve more and become more productive in a competitive society. In contrast, a person using an interdependent self-definition is more likely to be open to another aspect of the context and thus might be able to find and value the self in different ways even in the same context. However, these two self-definitions may not be dichotomous or mutually exclusive but occur in varying ratios in any one individual, particularly as trends of increased globalization, immigration, and technology call for changes in an individual’s value systems in countries. From this standpoint, this review proposes a new definition of resilience in medical education, which is ‘a person’s capacity to be aware of the aspects of the self differently identified in each context, and to consciously value oneself and others in the context’. This is the first article that incorporates the concept of the two self-definitions into resilience education in healthcare. The proposed definition may provide a broader model of resilience in a healthcare professional for educators as well as trainees in medical education.

North America’s Commerce in a Revolutionary Era

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy Matson
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
British Empire ◽  
North American ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Far East ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Revolutionary Era ◽  
Spanish Caribbean ◽  
North Americans ◽  
The North

This is an advance summary of a forthcoming article in the Oxford Research Encyclopedia of American History. Please check back later for the full article. A long revolutionary era beginning in the 1770s and continuing into the 1820s profoundly altered North American commerce. The North American movement for independence from the British empire disrupted channels of trade in people and goods as embargoes and blockades shut down major transition points between continents or islands and the Atlantic Ocean, privateering crews of different empires seized vessels, wartime activities challenged the slave trade, and the economic fortunes of many international traders forced them to migrate, find new avenues of commerce, or retire altogether. Only a handful of well-placed merchants prospered during the North American Revolution by securing military supply contracts or engaging in illicit commerce, especially in the French and Spanish Caribbean. Despite many North Americans’ expectations for a rapid recovery after the Peace of Paris, recovery and new prosperity emerged slowly. Old connections to England, despite the revolutionary separation, recovered most quickly; but these connections were available to a small percentage of well-placed merchants, and often they were built on new foundations with new immigrants to North America. Moreover, England’s policy makers were intent upon limiting North American trade to parts of the world—especially the Caribbean—where the British empire hoped to control markets. A spike in vessel and crew seizures ensued during the 1780s. Within the Western Hemisphere, the French and Haitian revolutions also deeply unsettled many essential ties to British, French, and Spanish Caribbean markets, so that by the end of the 1790s North American merchants who wished to stay in commerce had been compelled to diversify their ports of call and seek new markets in South America, the Gulf Coast, and northern Europe. Meanwhile, the slave trade revived. When North American commerce began to flourish after the 1790s, revolutions in South America had a far less deleterious effect on the movement of goods and people. By then, the demand for provisions during the global spread of the Napoleonic wars, the opening of markets in the Far East, the expanding exporting potential of North Americans (especially flour and cotton), and their re-export commerce (especially sugar) rose above some of the constraints of earlier years.

Can the North American Model of Ethnicity Be Applied to Europe ? The German Example

2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-76
Author(s):  
Susanne von Below ◽  
Mathias Bös ◽  
Lance W. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
North American ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
The North ◽  
American Model ◽  
Group Structures

In the last decade of the 20th century, the self-perception of many continental European nations has shifted dramatically. Terms like diversity, multiculturalism and, last but not least, ethnicity are increasingly used to describe group structures and inequalities in these countries. This is especially surprising in the case of Germany. In sociological folklore, Germany epitomizes a nation which sees itself as an ethnically homogeneous people (among many see Brubaker 1992).

scholarly journals "I have such sad news": Loss in Finnish North American Letters

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 53-71
Author(s):  
Samira Saramo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
North American ◽  
Life Writing ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Self ◽  
Letter Writing ◽  
North Americans ◽  
Death And Loss

Life writing has been an important tool for people to work through loss in their lives. In the context of twentieth-century migration, word of death and shared mourning occurred primarily through letters in the international post. Focusing on letters written by Finnish immigrants in the United States and Canada from the 1940s–1960s, this article analyzes some of the ways that letter writing has been used to address death and loss. Positioning personal letters within the broader field of life writing, this work examines how both loss and life writing often trigger a re/defining of the self, addressed in multiple and ambiguous ways by individual mourner/writers.  In its unsettling of life, feelings, and connections, loss is a rupture of the self. By narrating their life, writers create personal chronologies, position themselves in places and communities, and declare their values. The life writing of Finnish North Americans provides windows into the difficult work of trying to assign meaning to meaning-defying loss.

Mass Harvesting, Ichthyofaunal Assemblages, and Ancestral Paiute Fishing in the North American Great Basin

2020 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-736
Author(s):  
B. Sunday Eiselt
Keyword(s):  
Great Basin ◽  
North American ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Investment Model ◽  
Technology Investment ◽  
The North ◽  
Middle Range ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
Tui Chub

Documenting variability in the archaeological record is critical to our understanding human fishing adaptations in the North American Great Basin over time. Unfortunately, in the absence of robust middle range techniques for interpreting fishbone assemblages, many studies have been limited in their capacity to engage in theoretical discussions of the role of fishing in forager subsistence regimes. The Northern Paiute in Oregon and Nevada exploited seasonally aggregated tui chub (Siphateles bicolor) through mass-harvesting techniques using nets and baskets. This article integrates experimental studies with ethnographic and archaeological data to infer the types of fishing gear that were used from the reconstructed sizes of tui chub remains. The mean size of fish assemblages is compared to the coefficient of variation to identify fishing techniques based on the size parameters of gear types, and a technology investment model is used to assess regional variations in commitments to fishing in open lake and marshland settings. Results are compared to tui chub assemblages from two protohistoric archaeological sites in eastern Oregon, revealing two distinctive fishing strategies with general implications for the organization of labor by hunter-gatherer fisherfolk.

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