scholarly journals Reproductive isolation between different forms of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva), (Diptera: Psychodidae), the vector of Leishmania donovani chagasi Cunha & Chagas and its significance to kala-azar distribution in South America

1983 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard D. Ward ◽  
Armando L. Ribeiro ◽  
Paul D. Ready ◽  
Angela Murtagh
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Single Pair ◽  
Kala Azar

The males of the sandfly Lutzomyia longipalpis occur in two forms, one which bears a single pair of pale spots on tergite 4 and another in which an additional pair of spots characterizes tergite 3. In crosses between laboratory reared stocks of the two forms originating from allopatric and sympatric sites in Brazil nearly all males of one form fail to inseminate females of the other. In addition, insemination failure between some allopatric populaytions of Lu. longipalpis with similar tergal spot patterns is recorded, indicating the existence of additional forms in an apparent species complex. The possibility that Lu. longipalpis sensu latu represents more than a single taxon is discussed and the relevance of these findings to future epidemiological studies on kala-azar is considered.

scholarly journals The distribution of two morphological forms of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva) (Diptera: Psychodidae)

1985 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Ward ◽  
A. L. Ribeiro ◽  
L. Ryan ◽  
A. L. Falcão ◽  
E. F. Rangel
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Single Pair ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Eastern Area ◽  
Allopatric Populations ◽  
North Brazil ◽  
The One ◽  
Cuticular Structures

The males of the sandfly Lutzomyia longipalpis occur in two forms, one which bears a single pair of pale spots on tergite 4 and another in which an additional pair of spots characterizes tergite 3. Almost complete reproductive isolation between sumpatric populations of the two forms and between allopatric populations of the one-spot form has been reported (Ward et al., 1983). Micromorphological differences in cuticular structures on the spots have also been observed and may be sites of pheromone release (Lane & Ward, 1984). Detais of the known distribution of the two are based on the examination of new specimens captured in Brazil during 1982, as well as museum collections and specimens from other laboratories. Males with a single pair of pale spots have been found from Mexico to southern Brazil, whilst the two-spot form is found only from the state of Maranhão in North Brazil to Minas Gerais and the border with Paraguay. In the eastern area of Brazil the two forms occur sympatrically in some locations and separately in others.

scholarly journals rK39 Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Diagnosis of Leishmania donovani Infection

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 717-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Zijlstra ◽  
N. S. Daifalla ◽  
P. A. Kager ◽  
E. A. G. Khalil ◽  
A. M. El-Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Direct Agglutination Test ◽  
Subclinical Infection ◽  
Kala Azar ◽  
Leishmanin Skin Test ◽  
Parasite Replication ◽  
Negative Controls

ABSTRACT The rK39 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was compared with the direct agglutination test (DAT) for Leishmania donovani infection in the Sudan. rK39 ELISA proved more sensitive than DAT in diagnosis of kala-azar (93 and 80%, respectively); both tests may remain positive up to 24 months after treatment. For patients with post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis and individuals with subclinical infection, rK39 ELISA performed as well as DAT but could detect infection 6 months earlier in ∼40% of patients. Conversion in DAT and rK39 ELISA also occurred in leishmanin skin test (LST)-positive individuals, suggesting active parasite replication (rK39 is an amastigote antigen) in these presumably immune individuals. In contrast to DAT, rK39 ELISA also detected infection in randomly selected LST-positive individuals (in four of six) and endemicity (LST-negative) controls (in one of five). rK39 ELISA appears more sensitive than DAT and may prove an important tool in epidemiological studies.

An In-depth Proteomic Map of Leishmania donovani Isolate from Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL) Patient

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinmayee Bar Routaray ◽  
Avishek Kumar ◽  
Shyam Sundar ◽  
Gajanan Sathe ◽  
Harsh Pawar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Kala Azar ◽  
Proteomic Map

Resolving the Lourinia armata (Claus, 1866) complex with remarks on the monophyletic status of Louriniidae, Monard 1927 (Copepoda: Harpacticoida)

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5051 (1) ◽  
pp. 346-386
Author(s):  
SÜPHAN KARAYTUĞ ◽  
SERDAR SAK ◽  
ALP ALPER ◽  
SERDAR SÖNMEZ
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
The Other ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Nicobar Island ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Family ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Almost All

An attempt was made to test if Lourinia armata (Claus, 1866)—as it is currently diagnosed—represents a species complex. Detailed examination and comparisons of several specimens collected from different localities suggest that L. armata indeed represents a complex of four closely related morphospecies that can be differentiated from one another by only detailed observations. One of the four species is identified as Lourinia aff. armata and the other three species are described as new to science and named as Lourinia wellsi sp. nov., L. gocmeni sp. nov., and L. aldabraensis sp. nov. Detailed review of previous species records indicates that the genus Lourinia Wilson, 1924 is distributed worldwide. Ceyloniella nicobarica Sewell, 1940, originally described from Nicobar Island and previously considered a junior subjective synonym of L. armata is reinstated as Lourinia nicobarica (Sewell, 1940) comb. nov. on the basis of the unique paddle-shaped caudal ramus seta V. It is postulated that almost all of these records are unreliable in terms of representing true Lourinia aff. armata described herein. On the other hand, the comparative evaluation of the illustrations and descriptions in the published literature indicates the presence of several new species waiting to be discovered in the genus Lourinia.                 It has been determined that, according to updated modern keys, the recent inclusion of the monotypic genus Archeolourinia Corgosinho & Schizas, 2013 in the Louriniidae is not justified since Archeolourinia shermani Corgosinho & Schizas, 2013 does not belong to this family but should be assigned to the Canthocamptidae. On the other hand, it has been argued that the exact phylogenetic position of the Louriniidae still remains problematic since none of the diagnostic characters supports the monophyly of the family within the Oligoarthra. It has also been argued that the close relationship between Louriniidae and Canthocamptidae is supported since both families share the homologous sexual dimorphism (apophysis) on P3 endopod. The most important characteristic that can possibly be used to define Louriniidae is the reduction of maxilliped.  

Two new species of Margyricarpus (Rosaceae, Sanguisorbeae) from high-elevation grasslands in southern Brazil, and other notes on the genus Margyricarpus

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 496 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-293
Author(s):  
LUÍS A. FUNEZ ◽  
GUSTAVO HASSEMER ◽  
NIVALDO PERONI ◽  
ELISANDRO R. DRECHSLER-SANTOS
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Natural Grasslands ◽  
Two New Species

Margyricarpus pinnatus is a poorly understood entity from natural grasslands of South America that it better considered as a species complex. In this work we contribute to the advancement of the taxonomic knowledge of this challenging species complex by describing two new species of Margyricarpus from southern Brazil. We present field photographs, illustrations, a distribution map and ecologic and conservation notes on the new species.

scholarly journals Leishmaniose visceral infantil: relato de caso

2016 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Luilson Geraldo Coelho Junior ◽  
Alessandra De Paiva Wanderley ◽  
Maire Stefani Lemes ◽  
Bárbara Cristina Dos Santos Ribeiro Leite ◽  
Bárbara Keroleny Viana Cabrobó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Leishmania Chagasi

leishmaniose visceral (LV) é uma infecção causada por protozoários tripanosomatídeos do gênero Leishmania, as espécies são: Leishmania donovani e Leishmania infantum (conhecido como Leishmania chagasi na América do Sul). A LV é uma doença parasitária grave, com elevada morbimortalidade em todo o mundo. É considerada a doença tropical mais negligenciada, em termos de desenvolvimento de novos medicamentos. Considerada um importante problema de saúde em todo o Brasil, principalmente na área endêmica de Paracatu-MG. Acomete principalmente crianças com menos de cinco anos de idade. A transmissão ocorre através da picada de fêmeas hematófagas dos vetores Lutzomyia longipalpis ou L. cruzi, infectados pela Leishmania (L.) chagasi. Os sinais clínicos da LV variam de acordo com a resposta imune do hospedeiro, podendo assumir formas assintomáticas, oligossintomáticas e a forma clássica; os principais sinais incluem febre, hepatoesplenomegalia, perda de peso e pancitopenia. Indivíduos não tratados, crianças desnutridas, indivíduos infectados pelo HIV ou em uso de drogas imunossupressoras são grupos de risco, sendo que nesses casos a LV apresenta alta letalidade. O diagnóstico é feito através da demonstração da Leishmania em aspirados de linfonodo, medula óssea e baço; por meio de sorologia, ou teste rápido como o rK39, são amplamente utilizados, e apresentam sensibilidade variável. O tratamento é realizado com antimoniais pentavalentes e anfotericina B lipossomal ou desoxicolato. Não há vacina humana; portanto o combate ao vetor é a melhor medida de prevenção. Relatamos um caso de LV em criança de 04 anos de idade, natural e procedente de Paracatu-MG.

scholarly journals Natural infection of phlebotomines (Diptera: Psychodidae) in a visceral-leishmaniasis focus in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Cezar do Nascimento ◽  
Byanca Regina de Paiva ◽  
Rosely dos Santos Malafronte ◽  
Wedson Desidério Fernandes ◽  
Eunice Aparecida Bianchi Galati
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Leishmania Species ◽  
Common Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Leishmania Chagasi ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

The main purpose of this study was to investigate natural infection by Leishmania in phlebotomine females in a visceral-leishmaniasis focus in Antonio João county in Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. Between June and October 2003, the digestive tracts of 81 females captured in Aldeia Campestre, Aldeia Marangatu and Povoado Campestre were dissected. The females were separated by species, location, area and date of capture into 13 groups and kept in ethanol 70%. To identify the Leishmania species using the PCR technique, amplifications of the ribosomal-DNA (rDNA) and mini-exon genes were analyzed. Of the 81 specimens, 77 (95%) were Lutzomyia longipalpis, making this the most common species; only one specimen of each of the species Brumptomyia avellari, Evandromyia cortelezzii, Evandromyia lenti and Nyssomyia whitmani was found. Trypanosomatids were identified in eight of the nine groups of Lutzomyia longipalpis (10.39%) one group from Aldeia Campestre, one from Aldeia Marangatu and six from Povoado Campestre; of the eight groups, one from Aldeia Marangatu and another, with promastigotes forms also confirmed by dissection (1.23%) from Povoado Campestre, were identified by PCR as Leishmania chagasi (2.6%). The other groups gave negative results. These findings indicate that there is a high risk of leishmaniasis transmission in this area.

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