An In-depth Proteomic Map of Leishmania donovani Isolate from Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL) Patient

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinmayee Bar Routaray ◽  
Avishek Kumar ◽  
Shyam Sundar ◽  
Gajanan Sathe ◽  
Harsh Pawar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Kala Azar ◽  
Proteomic Map

scholarly journals Use of Antimony in the Treatment of Leishmaniasis: Current Status and Future Directions

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Kumar Haldar ◽  
Pradip Sen ◽  
Syamal Roy
Keyword(s):  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Vanadium Compounds ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Kala Azar ◽  
Efflux Mechanism ◽  
Transplantation Antigens ◽  
Antigen Presenting

In the recent past the standard treatment of kala-azar involved the use of pentavalent antimonials Sb(V). Because of progressive rise in treatment failure to Sb(V) was limited its use in the treatment program in the Indian subcontinent. Until now the mechanism of action of Sb(V) is not very clear. Recent studies indicated that both parasite and hosts contribute to the antimony efflux mechanism. Interestingly, antimonials show strong immunostimulatory abilities as evident from the upregulation of transplantation antigens and enhanced T cell stimulating ability of normal antigen presenting cells when treated with Sb(V) in vitro. Recently, it has been shown that some of the peroxovanadium compounds have Sb(V)-resistance modifying ability in experimental infection with Sb(V) resistant Leishmania donovani isolates in murine model. Thus, vanadium compounds may be used in combination with Sb(V) in the treatment of Sb(V) resistance cases of kala-azar.

scholarly journals Application of kDNA Minicircle PCR-RFLP to Characterize Leishmania donovani Clinical Isolates Obtained from Post-Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis in Eastern Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ojesh Pokhrel ◽  
Keshav Rai ◽  
Narayan Raj Bhattarai ◽  
Suman Rijal ◽  
Arpana Rijal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Rdna Genes ◽  
Kala Azar ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Potential Reservoir ◽  
Rflp Assay ◽  
Epidemiological Characterization

Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is a skin manifestation of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) which develops after apparent cure in some patients. PKDL is considered as the potential reservoir for the VL infection. Molecular epidemiological characterization of L. donovani isolates obtained from VL and PKDL isolates is essentially required in order to understand the transmission dynamics of the VL infection. To date, genetic variation among the VL and PKDL L. donovani isolates was not fully elucidated. Therefore, 14 clinical isolates from VL and 4 clinical isolates from PKDL were speciated by hsp70 and rDNA genes. Further characterization of L. donovani by haspB PCR demonstrates two different genotypes. All PKDL isolates have the same genetic structure. kDNA PCR-RFLP assay revealed 18 different genotypes; however, structural analysis showed the two distinct kDNA genotype population (k = 2). The kDNA fingerprint patterns of parasites from hilly districts were clustered separately from low-land districts. Therefore, further study with a large number of samples is urgently required for systematic characterization of the clinical isolates to track the molecular epidemiology of the Leishmania donovani causing VL and the role of PKDL as a reservoir.

Ambiguous skin ulcer on the ear pinna

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-143
Author(s):  
Nazar Abdalla
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Isozyme Pattern ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Animal Reservoir ◽  
Kala Azar ◽  
Biphasic Life Cycle ◽  
Human Leishmaniasis ◽  
Cutaneous Form

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a parasitic disease which has a biphasic life cycle; infection by promastigotes from the sandfly reaches a wound where it is phagocytosed by macrophages, producing the amastigote (the Leishmania donovani body) in the host. A protozoan parasite transmitted by the phlebotomous sandfly causes human leishmaniasis. Cutaneous forms include classical cutaneous, mucocutaneous and post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. It affects c. 300 million individuals in more than 90 nations around the globe. The cutaneous form in the Old World is caused at low altitudes mainly by L. major (which has an animal reservoir, rodents such as mouse) and in swampy regions and high altitudes by L. tropica (which has no animal reservoir). L. aethiopica and L. major lead to disseminated ulcers in Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Iraq, Iran, Pakistan, India, Tunisia, Sudan and Ethiopia, whose main electrophoretic isozyme pattern Zymodeme in Saudi Arabia is LON-4.

scholarly journals Comparison of KAtex, Bone Marrow Aspiration and DAT for the Diagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
Ishrat Sharmin ◽  
AKM Quamruzzaman ◽  
Rezina Parveen ◽  
M Abdulah Yusuf ◽  
Rashida Akter Khanam
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Bone Marrow Aspiration ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Kala Azar ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Year

Background: Newly developed KAtex test can be used as a non invasive tool for diagnosis of Kala-azar. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to compare KAtex, Bone marrow aspiration and DAT to diagnose VL. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology at Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh in collaboration with the Department of Parasitology, Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR), Dhaka, Bangladesh for a period of one year. Clinically suspected Kala-azar (VL) cases of different age and sex attending IEDCR, Dhaka from different Kala-azar endemic areas of Bangladesh were selected for this study. Patients having fever for more than 2 weeks, with or without splenomegaly, having history of loss of body weight following onset of fever were clinically suspected as Kala-azar cases. Microscopy and culture was performed in bone marrow (BM). KAtex was performed with urine sample. Agglutination of sensitized latex indicated presence of Leishmania donovani antigen in urine and thereby visceral leishmaniasis. No agglutination indicates absence of antigen in urine. DAT was done with serums of all cases. Result: Among 130 clinically suspected VL cases, 70 (53.85%) cases were BM positive and 60(46.15%) cases were BM negative. All the 70 BM positive cases were positive by KAtex and DAT. Among 60 BM negative cases, 15 were positive by KAtex and 23 were positive by DAT. The sensitivity of KAtex was 100.0% and specificity was 75.0%. The sensitivity of DAT was 100.0% and specificity is 61.6%. Conclusion: In conclusion, KAtex test is a good diagnostic tool for the detection of VL in comparison with DAT. Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases, June 2019;6(1):12-15

scholarly journals Reproductive isolation between different forms of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva), (Diptera: Psychodidae), the vector of Leishmania donovani chagasi Cunha & Chagas and its significance to kala-azar distribution in South America

1983 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard D. Ward ◽  
Armando L. Ribeiro ◽  
Paul D. Ready ◽  
Angela Murtagh
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Single Pair ◽  
Kala Azar

The males of the sandfly Lutzomyia longipalpis occur in two forms, one which bears a single pair of pale spots on tergite 4 and another in which an additional pair of spots characterizes tergite 3. In crosses between laboratory reared stocks of the two forms originating from allopatric and sympatric sites in Brazil nearly all males of one form fail to inseminate females of the other. In addition, insemination failure between some allopatric populaytions of Lu. longipalpis with similar tergal spot patterns is recorded, indicating the existence of additional forms in an apparent species complex. The possibility that Lu. longipalpis sensu latu represents more than a single taxon is discussed and the relevance of these findings to future epidemiological studies on kala-azar is considered.

scholarly journals Heparin binds to Leishmania donovani promastigotes and inhibits protein phosphorylation

1989 ◽  
Vol 264 (2) ◽  
pp. 517-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
N K Mukhopadhyay ◽  
K Shome ◽  
A K Saha ◽  
J R Hassell ◽  
R H Glew
Keyword(s):  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Dermatan Sulphate ◽  
Kala Azar ◽  
Binding Data ◽  
Host Parasite Relationship ◽  
Parasite Relationship ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Fetal Bovine ◽  
Host Parasite

We show that promastigotes of Leishmania donovani, the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar), possess heparin receptors on their surface. From a linear Scatchard plot of the binding data obtained using [3H]heparin and viable promastigotes, one derives a binding constant of 4.7 x 10(-7) M and an estimate of 860,000 receptors per parasite. The [3H]heparin bound to parasites could not be displaced by hyaluronic acid or by three other glycosaminoglycans (dermatan sulphate, chondroitin 4-sulphate and chondroitin 6-sulphate). It was demonstrated that exponential phase promastigotes growing in medium 199 supplemented with fetal bovine serum incorporate 35SO4 into a cell-associated macromolecule that has the properties of heparin proteoglycan. Heparin inhibits the activity of the cell-surface histone-protein kinase; incubation of viable promastigotes with [gamma-32P]ATP and MgCl2 (10 mM) in the absence and presence of heparin (0.01-0.5 mg/ml) for 10 min, followed by analysis by SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis and autoradiography, revealed that the phosphorylation of 12 or 13 parasite proteins was inhibited by the glycosaminoglycan. These data suggest that heparin may play a role in the host-parasite relationship.

scholarly journals DNA Polymorphism Assay Distinguishes Isolates of Leishmania donovani That Cause Kala-Azar from Those That Cause Post-Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis in Humans

2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 1739-1741 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Sreenivas ◽  
B. V. Subba Raju ◽  
R. Singh ◽  
A. Selvapandiyan ◽  
R. Duncan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Polymorphism ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Kala Azar
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