scholarly journals Drug susceptibility of Brazilian strains of Mycobacterium bovis using traditional and molecular techniques

2004 ◽  
Vol 99 (7) ◽  
pp. 749-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia M Parreiras ◽  
Francisco CF Lobato ◽  
Andréa P Alencar ◽  
Telma de Figueiredo ◽  
Harrison M Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Molecular Techniques

scholarly journals Recent Advances in the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 181-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kapil Goyal ◽  
Kusum Sharma ◽  
Suma B Appannanavar
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Drug Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Timely Initiation ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Lowenstein Jensen ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Diagnostic Microbiology

ABSTRACT Tuberculosis is an important health problem requiring early diagnosis for timely initiation of therapy and control of disease transmission. Though, conventional techniques, such as detection of acid fast bacilli by Ziehl-Neelsen staining, are very economical, yet have a low sensitivity. Isolation of mycobacteria by culture on Lowenstein Jensen media, considered to be the gold standard, is not only time consuming but has a low sensitivity, especially in extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Recent advances in molecular techniques have revolutionized the diagnostic microbiology. Various new modalities in the diagnosis of tuberculosis, like LED microscopy, microscopically observed drug susceptibility testing (MODS), antigen detection tests along with various molecular methods, like loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), multiplex PCR and Xpert MTB/RIF, are discussed in the present review. How to cite this article Sharma K, Appannanavar SB, Goyal K, Sharma A. Recent Advances in the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2013;47(4):181-187.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization and Drug Susceptibility of Mycobacterium Bovis Isolated from Cattle in Xinjiang, China

2018 ◽  
Vol 131 (24) ◽  
pp. 3017-3019
Author(s):  
Xi-Chao Ou ◽  
Fang Xu ◽  
Yang Zhou ◽  
Li-Li Tian ◽  
Qiao-Ying Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Drug Susceptibility

scholarly journals Bovine tuberculosis at the human-livestock-wildlife interface: Is it a public health problem in Tanzania? A review

2012 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bugwesa Z. Katale ◽  
Erasto V. Mbugi ◽  
Sharon Kendal ◽  
Robert D. Fyumagwa ◽  
Gibson S. Kibiki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Tuberculin Skin Testing ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Potential Health

Despite the apparent public health concern about Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) in Tanzania, little has been done regarding the zoonotic importance of the disease and raising awareness of the community to prevent the disease. Bovine tuberculosis is a potential zoonotic disease that can infect a variety of hosts, including humans. The presence of multiple hosts including wild animals, inefficient diagnostic techniques, absence of defined national controls and eradication programs could impede the control of bovine TB. In Tanzania, the diagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis in animals is mostly carried out by tuberculin skin testing, meat inspection in abattoirs and only rarely using bacteriological techniques. The estimated prevalence of BTB in animals in Tanzania varies and ranges across regions from 0.2% to 13.3%, which is likely to be an underestimate if not confirmed by bacteriology or molecular techniques. Mycobacterium bovis has been detected and isolated from different animal species and has been recovered in 10% of apparently healthy wildebeest that did not show lesions at post-mortem. The transmission of the disease from animals to humans can occur directly through the aerosol route and indirectly by consumption of raw milk. This poses an emerging disease threat in the current era of HIV confection in Tanzania and elsewhere. Mycobacterium bovis is one of the causative agents of human extra pulmonary tuberculosis. In Tanzania there was a significant increase (116.6%) of extrapulmonary cases reported between 1995 and 2009, suggesting the possibility of widespread M. bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection due to general rise of Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This paper aims to review the potential health and economic impact of bovine tuberculosis and challenges to its control in order to safeguard human and animal population in Tanzania.

In vitro drug susceptibility of Mycobacterium bovis BCG Connaught and Tokyo strains

2010 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-251
Author(s):  
Toshiaki Shimizu ◽  
Ko Yasumoto ◽  
Yutaka Tatano ◽  
Haruaki Tomioka ◽  
Katsumasa Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis Bcg ◽  
In Vitro Drug Susceptibility

The MspA porin promotes growth and increases antibiotic susceptibility of both Mycobacterium bovis BCG and Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Microbiology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 150 (4) ◽  
pp. 853-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Mailaender ◽  
Norbert Reiling ◽  
Harald Engelhardt ◽  
Stefan Bossmann ◽  
Stefan Ehlers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Mycobacterium Smegmatis ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Nucleic Acid Binding ◽  
Outer Membrane Permeability ◽  
Syto 9 ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Hydrophilic Solutes

Porins mediate the diffusion of hydrophilic solutes across the outer membrane of mycobacteria, but the efficiency of this pathway is very low compared to Gram-negative bacteria. To examine the importance of porins in slow-growing mycobacteria, the major porin MspA of Mycobacterium smegmatis was expressed in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis. Approximately 20 and 35 MspA molecules per μm2 cell wall were observed in M. tuberculosis and M. bovis BCG, respectively, by electron microscopy and quantitative immunoblot experiments. Surface accessibility of MspA in M. tuberculosis was demonstrated by flow cytometry. Glucose uptake was twofold faster, indicating that the outer membrane permeability of M. bovis BCG to small and hydrophilic solutes was increased by MspA. This significantly accelerated the growth of M. bovis BCG, identifying very slow nutrient uptake as one of the determinants of slow growth in mycobacteria. The susceptibility of both M. bovis BCG and M. tuberculosis to zwitterionic β-lactam antibiotics was substantially enhanced by MspA, decreasing the minimal inhibitory concentration up to 16-fold. Furthermore, M. tuberculosis became significantly more susceptible to isoniazid, ethambutol and streptomycin. Fluorescence with the nucleic acid binding dye SYTO 9 was 10-fold increased upon expression of mspA. These results indicated that MspA not only enhanced the efficiency of the porin pathway, but also that of pathways mediating access to large and/or hydrophobic agents. This study provides the first experimental evidence that porins are important for drug susceptibility of M. tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Identification of rpoB, gyrA and embB Gene Mutations in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Isolates from Retreatment Tuberculosis Patients in Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-50
Author(s):  
Dhruba Kumar Khadka ◽  
Rajendra Prasad Pant ◽  
Bikash Lamichhane ◽  
Sharat Chandra Verma ◽  
R. P. Bichha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Rpob Gene ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Embb Gene

Introduction: Tuberculosis remains one of the major public health problems in Nepal and increasing trend of multi drug resistant and extensively drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR /XDR TB) is a big challenge. Rapid diagnosis and appropriate treatment of MDR/XDR TB is crucial. Identification and comparison of MDR TB using rapid molecular techniques (for rpob, gyrA, rrs and embB gene mutations) with reference to drug susceptibility test (DST) were the main objectives of this study.Methodology: A cross sectional study was carried out in National TB Centre (NTC). Gene Xpert, proportion method and Line Probe Assay (LPA) were used for first and second line drugs susceptibility testing (FLD-DST and SLD-DST). A total of 29 mucopurulent sputum samples were freshly collected from retreatment TB patients (Female 41.4%, Male 58.6%) with median age of 40 years attending to the four MDR TB treatment centres of eastern and central Nepal (via private courier and directly to National TB Reference Laboratory (NRL) at NTC from April 2013 to October 2017.Results: Among 29 sputum samples (Female 41.4%; all smear+ve, Male 58.6%; 16 smear+ve and 1 smear-ve), Gene Xpert MTB/RIF assay detected 100% M. tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance (rpoB gene resistant) of which, 100% were culture positive by conventional Lowenstein–Jensen (LJ) method. FLDDST was performed on all culture positives of which, 96.6% showed MDR TB and 3.4% showed mono resistance to isonizid only. SLD-DST on 29 MDRTB strains by LPA showed 100%, 58.6%, 44.8% wild type for rrs, gyrA and emb B genes respectively. Mutation for gyrA and emb B genes was 41.4% and 51.2% respectively, rrs genes none. Twelve (Female 6, Male 6) MDR TB strains were identified  as pre-XDR-TB. Chi square (χ2) for trend was used to analyze Gene Xpert, smear, FLD-DST and LPA results.Conclusion: From this study, 29(100%) MDRTB were detected from retreatment TB cases by Gene Xpert and FLDDST. Almost 41.4% MDR TB strains were detected as pre-XDR TB by LPA, which were found to be higher in 15-60 years group of females and males. Samples from retreatment TB patients need to be tested by rapid molecular techniques with reference to culture and DST.SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases and HIV/AIDS, Vol. 14, No. 2, 2017, Page: 39-50

Antituberculous drug susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium bovis BCG strain Montréal

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 735-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Rousseau ◽  
Martine Dupuis
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Drug Susceptibility Testing ◽  
The Other ◽  
Aminosalicylic Acid ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis Bcg ◽  
Antituberculous Drugs ◽  
Antituberculous Drug

Testing of Mycobacterium bovis BCG strain Montréal for susceptibility to four primary antituberculous drugs (isoniazid, ethambutol, streptomycin, and rifampin) and to one secondary drug (p-aminosalicylic acid) showed the strain to be susceptible to all five substances. Mycobacterium bovis strains ATCC 35735, which is isoniazid sensitive, and ATCC 35747, which is isoniazid resistant, were included in the test; with the exception of their respective susceptibility to isoniazid, both were inhibited by the other four drugs. Key words: BCG Montréal, drug susceptibility, cancer.

scholarly journals Non-pncAGene-Mutated but Pyrazinamide-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Why Is That?

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 1920-1927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Werngren ◽  
Erik Alm ◽  
Mikael Mansjö
Keyword(s):  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Drug Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Clear Majority

ABSTRACTPyrazinamide (PZA) is a key component for the effective treatment of drug-susceptible and PZA-susceptible multidrug-resistant (MDRPZA-S) tuberculosis (TB).pncAgene mutations are usually detected in a clear majority (>90%) of PZA-resistant strains but obviously not in all. Rapid and reliable PZA drug susceptibility testing (DST) is critical whenever PZA is to be used in a treatment regimen, not least for the treatment of MDRPZA-STB. In this study, we selected 26 PZA-resistant isolates reported to carry a wild-typepncAgene. To confirm resistance, susceptibility testing was repeated using 100 mg/liter and 200 mg/liter PZA for all the 26 isolates and Sanger sequencing was repeated on the 18 isolates that remained PZA resistant. Apart from the eight isolates initially misclassified as PZA resistant, the retests identified three factors responsible for the phenotype-genotype discrepancy:panDorrpsAmutations identified by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) (n= 7), heteroresistance (n= 8), and mixed populations withMycobacterium avium(n= 3). Additionally, we performed WGS on 400 PZA-susceptible isolates and 15 consecutive MDRPZA-Rclinical isolates. Of the 400 PZA-susceptible isolates, only 1 harbored a nonsynonymouspncAmutation (Thr87Met), whereas a nonsynonymousrpsAmutation was found in 17 isolates. None of these isolates carried a nonsynonymouspanDmutation, while all 15 of the MDRPZA-Risolates harbored a nonsynonymouspncAmutation. Our findings indicate that it is necessary to consider the occurrence ofpanDmutations in PZA-resistant isolates, as well as heteroresistance, for the development and evaluation of new molecular techniques to ensure high-quality DST performance. The identification of nonsynonymousrpsAmutations in both PZA-susceptible and PZA-resistant isolates also implies that further studies are needed in order to determine the role ofrpsAin PZA resistance.

Recent developments in the diagnosis and treatment of extrapulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterial diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 340-349
Author(s):  
R. Gopalaswamy ◽  
S. Subbian ◽  
S. Shanmugam ◽  
R. Mondal ◽  
C. Padmapriyadarsini
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Mycobacterial Diseases ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Systemic Symptoms ◽  
Significant Health

Diseases due to pathogenic mycobacteria cause significant health and economic impact on humans worldwide. Although mycobacterial diseases primarily affect the lungs, the involvement of extrapulmonary organs has also gained ground, particularly among individuals with co‐existing medical conditions. Besides Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex organisms, non‐tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are also known to cause pulmonary and extrapulmonary diseases. Primary and disseminated extrapulmonary mycobacterial infections affect the brain, eye, mouth, tongue, lymph nodes of the neck, spine, bones, muscles, skin, pleura, pericardium, gastro‐intestinal, peritoneum and genito‐urinary system. The clinical presentation of extrapulmonary mycobacterial diseases, including systemic symptoms, of M. tuberculosis‐infected cases and NTM‐infected cases is similar. Moreover, extrapulmonary mycobacterial diseases are complicated by the involvement of diverse bacterial species as aetiological agents. Culture and molecular techniques are used to differentiate NTM from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and to classify sub‐species of the pathogens. As sub‐speciation and drug susceptibility profiling are critical factors in treating extrapulmonary NTM diseases, there are often significant delays in initiating treatment and customising the therapeutic regimen. Here, we summarise the clinical symptoms of NTM diseases in various extrapulmonary organs, and discuss the recent trends in diagnosing and treating these diseases. We also highlight the complications associated with the management of extrapulmonary NTM disease.

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