Intimate Partner Violence Against Pregnant Women: Study About The Repercussions On The Obstetric And Neonatal Results

This observational, descriptive and analytic study aimed to identify the prevalence of IPV cases among pregnant women and classify them according to the type and frequency; identify the obstetric and neonatal results and their associations with the intimate partner violence (IPV) occurrence in the current pregnancy. It was developed with 232 pregnant women who had prenatal care at a public maternity hospital. Data were collected via structured interview and in the patients’ charts and analyzed through the statistic software SAS® 9.0. Among the participants, 15.5% suffered IPV during pregnancy, among that 14.7% suffered psychological violence, 5.2% physical violence and 0.4% sexual violence. Women who did not desire the pregnancy had more chances of suffering IPV (p<0.00; OR=4.32 and 95% CI [1.77 – 10.54]). With regards to the obstetric and neonatal repercussions, there was no statistical association between the variables investigated. Thus, for the study participants there were no negative obstetric and neonatal repercussions related to IPV during pregnancy.

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Exploring the experience of intimate partner violence in the LGBT community

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.799 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

M Papadakaki ◽

F Zioti ◽

Z N Karadimitriou ◽

M Papadopoulou

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Sexual Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Physical Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Childhood Victimization ◽

Psychological Violence ◽

Violence Victimization ◽

Lgbt Community ◽

Forms Of Violence

Abstract Background The study aimed at measuring the prevalence and identifying the risk factors of intimate partner violence in individuals from the LGBT community. Methods A total of 180 individuals participated in the study, both male and female, aged 18-60 years, living in the broader area of Athens, Greece. Snowball sampling was applied to identify eligible individuals and social media were employed to recruit them. The questionnaire explored the violence victimization and perpetration in their relationships, the preferred reaction to various forms of violence and the role of childhood victimization in adulthood experiences of violence. Results 72.8% were homosexual, 26.7% bisexual, 81.7 % were women with a mean age of 25.2 years (6.0 standard deviation). A total of 67.2% were subjected to verbal abuse before the age of 16, 49.4% to physical violence, 6.7% to sexual violence and 46.7% were neglected. The prevalence of violence victimization was higher than the prevalence of violence perpetration (mean 9.81 and 5.92 respectively). Psychological violence was the most common among other forms of violence, both in victimization (psychological 7.34, physical 1.66, sexual 0.81) and perpetration (psychological 4.48, physical 1.26, sexual 0.18). In hypothetical scenarios of psychological violence, the majority of participants preferred separation and discussion about boundaries as strategies to deal with the situation (56.1 and 45.0 respectively), in scenarios of physical violence they primarily preferred separation and secondarily asking a professional advice (73.3 and 20.6, respectively) and in sexual violence they primarily preferred a discussion about boundaries and secondarily separation (69.4% and 31.7% respectively). Experiences of childhood victimization (p=.006), and female gender (p=.002), were found to be associated at a statistically significant level with violent victimization in adulthood. Conclusions Further research is necessary to identify groups at risk of victimization. Key messages Preventive efforts need to take into account individual sociodemographic and attitudinal characteristics that increase the risk of victimization. Experiences of victimization during childhood are highly associated with victimization in adulthood.

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Head Trauma in a Community-Based Sample of Victims of Intimate Partner Violence: Prevalence, Mechanisms of Injury and Symptom Presentation

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/08862605211016362 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 088626052110163

Author(s):

Jessica E. Meyer ◽

Varna Jammula ◽

Peter A. Arnett

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Head Trauma ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Physical Violence ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Difficulty Breathing ◽

History Of ◽

Subconcussive Head Trauma

Objective. The present study aimed to explore the prevalence of subconcussive head trauma, traumatic brain injury (TBI), potential hypoxic events, and hypoxic brain injury (HBI) in victims of physical intimate partner violence (IPV). The study also aimed to characterize the injury presentation and mechanisms of injury in this population. Method. A group of 47 female participants with a history of at least one relationship that included physical violence completed a structured interview assessing for subconcussive hits, TBI, and HBI. Participants ranged in age from 19 to 55, and had an average of 15.3 years of education. Forty-four participants completed the structured interview in person and three participants completed the interview over the phone. Results. The majority of participants reported sustaining at least one impact to the head and approximately half of the participants sustained at least one impact that resulted in a mild TBI. Approximately half of the participants experienced at least one incident of having difficulty breathing due to a violent act from their partner, and approximately one-third of participants reported symptoms consistent with mild HBI. The most common mechanisms of injury were being hit with a closed fist and being strangled. Conclusions. The high levels of head trauma observed in this study highlight the need for clinical and community providers to screen victims of physical IPV for head trauma. The unique characteristics of this population (female sex, high frequency of injuries, and presence of HBIs) indicate that research evaluating the cognitive effects of injuries in this population is needed.

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Mental Health and Social Function Among Women Subjected to Intimate Partner Violence: A Cross-Sectional Study

ACTA MEDICA IRANICA ◽

10.18502/acta.v57i9.2638 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Leila Amini ◽

Maryam Heidary ◽

Hamidreza Daneshparvar ◽

Homa Sadeghi Avval Shahr ◽

Abbas Mehran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Physical Violence ◽

Social Function ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Psychological Violence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Verbal Violence

Intimate partner violence is a serious public health problem in all societies that affects all aspects of the victim’s health, especially mental health. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between intimate partner violence and mental health among Iranian women who referred to the Forensic Medicine Center in Tehran. This cross-sectional study was done on 196 married women who referred to the south center of Forensic Medicine in Tehran. Data were collected in 2013 by using three questionnaires: a demographic questionnaire, CTS-2, and GHQ-28. Data analyzed by using SPSS-14 software. The age of participants was 29.9±6.3 years (range 18-57 years). Most women were housekeepers (73%) with moderate economic status (48.5%). Physical violence had the highest mean score (37.29±16.80); and after that, highest mean scores are related to Psychological violence 29.37±7.01, verbal violence 14.83±8.15, Physical violence leading to injury 14.47±6.85, and sexual violence 8.38±7.36, respectively. Verbal violence didn’t show any relation with all subscales of mental health. The somatic and anxiety symptoms were significantly correlated to total, and all violence subscales score (P<0.001). Also, social function was correlated to total violence score (P=0.032), Sexual (P=0.002), and psychological violence (P=0.025). Depression symptoms were correlated to total violence score (P<0.001), physical leading to damage violence (P<0.001), Sexual violence (P<0.001), Psychological violence (P=0.002), and physical violence (P<0.001). Our results showed IPV is related to the mental health of battered women, but verbal violence didn’t show any statistical relationship with somatic, anxiety, and depression symptoms and social function.

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The Influence of Intimate Partner Violence on Pregnancy Symptoms

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/0886260518789902 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 35 (3-4) ◽

pp. 523-541 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Özlem Can Gürkan ◽

Zübeyde Ekşi ◽

Derya Deniz ◽

Hasan Çırçır

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Sexual Abuse ◽

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Physical Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Mental Health Symptoms ◽

Health Symptoms ◽

Economic Abuse

The current literature contains few studies conducted on the effects of intimate partner violence (IPV) on pregnancy symptoms. Does being subjected to IPV during pregnancy increase the incidence of pregnancy-related symptoms? The aim of the present study was to explore the impact of IPV on pregnancy-related symptoms. The study was conducted as comparative, descriptive, and cross-sectional research with a total of 370 participants. Data were collected using the Domestic Violence Against Women Screening Form, the Pregnancy Symptoms Inventory (PSI), and a descriptive questionnaire. The types of IPV the women in the study had experienced during pregnancy were, in order of frequency, verbal abuse (31.1 %; n = 115), economic abuse (25.9 %; n = 96), physical violence (8.4 %; n = 31), and sexual abuse (5.9%; n = 22). The PSI scores for the pregnant women subjected to physical violence related to gastrointestinal system symptoms ( p < .05), cardiovascular system symptoms ( p < .05), mental health symptoms ( p = 0), neurological system symptoms ( p < .05), urinary system symptoms ( p < .01), and tiredness or fatigue ( p = 0); their total PSI scores ( p = 0) were significantly higher statistically than those of women who did not experience physical violence during pregnancy. The scores of the pregnant women subjected to sexual abuse related to mental health symptoms ( p < .05), and their total PSI scores ( p < .05) were significantly higher than those of women who did not experience sexual abuse. The scores of the pregnant women subjected to economic abuse related to tiredness or fatigue ( p < .01) and their mental health symptom scores ( p < .05) were significantly higher than those of women who did not experience economic abuse. Our results showed that women subjected to IPV during pregnancy experienced a higher incidence of pregnancy symptoms.

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Factors Effecting Intimate Partner Violence among Pregnant Women at a Centre in Karnataka

Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology ◽

10.3126/njog.v12i2.19954 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 52-57

Author(s):

Padmasri Ramalingappa ◽

KP Somya ◽

MV Akhila

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Physical Violence ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽

Hindu Religion ◽

Lower Socioeconomic

Aims: To determine the prevalence of intimate partner violence among pregnant women and to evaluate associated sociodemographic factors.Methods: This is a prospective cohort study which was carried out in the outpatient department, antenatal and labour wards among 635 antenatal women above 34 weeks of gestation. A pretested questionnaire was used and women were divided into two groups based on presence or absence of intimate partner violence. The sociodemographic details of the women were taken in both groups and data were analyzed for statistical significance using SPSS version 16.Results: The incidence of intimate partner violence was 52.8% out of which 30.7% were positive for physical violence, 23.4% for sexual violence and 46.3% for emotional violence. Sociodemographic factors like lower socioeconomic status, Hindu religion, economically not independent, unemployed husband, problems with in-laws, dowry at marriage, alcoholic and smoker spouse was associated with significantly more domestic violence (p<0.05).Conclusions: Iintimate partner violence is not uncommon and under reported.

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Incidence and risk factors for intimate partner violence during the postpartum period

Revista de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/s0034-8910.2015049005432 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 49 (0) ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Elisabete Pereira Silva ◽

Sandra Valongueiro ◽

Thália Velho Barreto de Araújo ◽

Ana Bernarda Ludermir

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Physical Violence ◽

Family Health ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Psychological Violence ◽

Pregnancy And Postpartum ◽

Family Health Strategy

OBJECTIVE To estimate the incidence and identify risk factors for intimate partner violence during postpartum. METHODS This prospective cohort study was conducted with women, aged between 18-49 years, enrolled in the Brazilian Family Health Strategy in Recife, Northeastern Brazil, between 2005 and 2006. Of the 1.057 women interviewed during pregnancy and postpartum, 539 women, who did not report violence before or during pregnancy, were evaluated. A theoretical-conceptual framework was built with three levels of factors hierarchically ordered: women’s and partners’ sociodemografic and behavioral characteristics, and relationship dynamics. Incidence and risk factors of intimate partner violence were estimated by Poisson Regression. RESULTS The incidence of violence during postpartum was 9.3% (95%CI 7.0;12.0). Isolated psychological violence was the most common (4.3%; 95%CI 2.8;6.4). The overlapping of psychological with physical violence occurred at 3.3% (95%CI 2.0;5.3) and with physical and/or sexual in almost 2.0% (95%CI 0.8;3.0) of cases. The risk of partner violence during postpartum was increased for women with a low level of education (RR = 2.6; 95%CI 1.3;5.4), without own income (RR = 1.7; 95%CI 1.0;2.9) and those who perpetrated physical violence against their partner without being assaulted first (RR = 2.0; 95%CI 1.2;3.4), had a very controlling partner (RR = 2.5; 95%CI 1.1;5.8), and had frequent fights with their partner (RR = 1.7; 95%CI 1.0;2.9). CONCLUSIONS The high incidence of intimate partner violence during postpartum and its association with aspects of the relationship’s quality between the couple, demonstrated the need for public policies that promote conflict mediation and enable forms of empowerment for women to address the cycle of violence.

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Intimate partner violence against pregnant women in East Gojjam Zone, Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.2.14280/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Lalem Menber Belay ◽

Nigist Menber

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Care Service ◽

Significant Proportion ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Health Facilities ◽

Age Difference ◽

Psychological Violence ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Abstract Background: Though underestimated, intimate partner violence (IPV) against women in Ethiopia is among the highest in the world. The overall aim of the study was to assess the prevalence and forms of intimate partner violence during pregnancy, associated factors, and recommendations to reduce the act. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 25 to February 15, 2018 in government health facilities, North West Ethiopia. Married women who seek antenatal care service were participated in the study. Ethical clearance and approval was obtained from Amhara Regional Health Bureau research and publication committee. Informed consent was obtained from women and facility managers before collecting the data. Odds ratio (OR) with 95%CI was computed to determine the presence and strength of association between the outcome of interest and key independent variables. Results: Nearly half (46.4%) of the study participants were victims of at least one episodes of intimate partner violence in the recent pregnancy. Psychological violence 141 (44.2%) was the most common form of violence encountered followed by sexual violence 137 (42.9%). Significant proportion of women were insulted, forced to have sex, pushed/shoved, kicked/beaten, and slapped/thrown something at them (30.1 - 39.4 %) in the recent pregnancy. Lack of formal education, arranged marriages, lack of decision-making autonomy in household matters and wider spousal age difference were significantly associated with intimate partner violence. Conclusions: Higher proportion of pregnant women experienced intimate partner violence. Sociodemographic factors were associated with intimate partner violence. We suggest interventions focusing on education for raising community awareness through different strategies. Strengthening health facilities is also important to early identify and manage pregnant women with intimate partner violence, and prevent adverse birth outcomes of the act.

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Low use of Modern Family Planning Methods in women suffering from Physical and Psychological abuse by their partiners: Findings from Cross-Sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-150736/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mrimi Simion Baritwa ◽

Angelina Alphonce Joho

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Family Planning ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Physical Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Married Women ◽

Psychological Violence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Modern Family ◽

Modern Family Planning

Abstract Background: Married women who experience intimate partner violence are less likely to negotiate with their partners on modern family planning use. This study aimed to assess the influence of intimate partner violence on modern family planning use among married women in Mara region.Methods: A community based analytical cross-sectional study which included 366 married women in Mara from May to July 2019. Seven multistage sampling techniques were employed to select the sample size. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data which were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Binary logistic regression model was applied to determine the predictors of modern family planning use. P-value less than 0.05 was considered significant.Results: The overall prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) was 73% with 54.1% physical violence, 36.3% psychological violence and 25.4%, sexual violence. The prevalence of modern family planning (FP) use was 62%, the most common method practiced by married women was injection (depo Provera) (49.1%). Factors associated with FP use were physical violence (AOR = 0.32, p = 0.0056), psychological violence (AOR = 0.22, p = 0.0022), religious (AOR = 4.6, p = 0.0085) and availability of preferred FP methods (AOR = 9.27, p<0.0001).Conclusion: This study shows a positive association between FP use and IPV. Effective intervention is required to increase modern family plan use and reducing intimate partner violence.

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Intimate partner violence among pregnant women reporting to the emergency department: findings from a nationwide sample

BMJ Sexual & Reproductive Health ◽

10.1136/bmjsrh-2020-200761 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. bmjsrh-2020-200761

Author(s):

Vithya Murugan ◽

Katherine J Holzer ◽

Mirvat Termos ◽

Michael Vaughn

Keyword(s):

Emergency Department ◽

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Child Health ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Maternal And Child Health ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Physical Violence ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

And Child Health

ObjectiveIntimate partner violence (IPV) describes physical violence, sexual violence, stalking, or psychological harm by a current or former partner or spouse. During pregnancy, IPV has substantial negative implications for maternal and child health. The aim of the present study was to better understand the prevalence and sociodemographic and psychiatric correlates of IPV among pregnant females in the emergency department (ED).MethodsUsing the 2016 Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS), logistic regression was employed to examine the relationship between IPV during pregnancy, sociodemographic factors, substance abuse and mental health disorders.ResultsBivariate analyses indicated that approximately 0.06% of pregnant women who visited EDs in 2016 were coded as experiencing abuse by a spouse or partner. Pregnant women abused by a spouse or partner were more likely to have a diagnosis of each of the disorders coded as complicating pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium examined in this study, including alcohol use (0.77%, aOR 8.38, 95% CI 2.80 to 29.50), drug use (2.26%, aOR 3.49, 95% CI 1.60 to 6.15), tobacco use (11.05%, aOR 1.90, 95% CI 1.34 to 2.54) and general mental disorders (4.13%, aOR 2.64, 95% CI 1.60 to 4.79).ConclusionScreening for IPV in EDs, especially among at-risk women identified in this study, may lead to referrals and coordination of care that could reduce the violence and improve maternal and child health outcomes.

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Intimate Partner Violence and Depression in Women in China

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/0886260519888538 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 088626051988853 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Weiman Yuan ◽

Therese Hesketh

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Sexual Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Physical Violence ◽

Occupational Status ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Psychological Violence ◽

Cross Sectional

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is recognized as a major public health and social problem globally, with consequences for the individual, family, and society. But there is relatively little research on IPV in China. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of different types of violence among women and to determine the risk factors and the association with depression. A cross-sectional study among women who had ever been in a relationship was conducted in six provinces across the three regions of China from July to September 2018 using a self-completion questionnaire developed for the study. The provincial capital and one rural county were purposively selected in each province. Questionnaires were distributed in hospitals and public places. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was used to measure depression. Data for 2,987 women were analyzed. The prevalence of psychological, physical, and sexual violence was 77.7%, 40.2%, and 11%, respectively: 52% had experienced two or three types of violence in their life. After adjustment, risk factors for all-type IPV were low occupational status, having one child or more, living in western provinces, having an income lower than partner’s, and economic pressure. The prevalence of depression was 65.8% in women who experienced psychological violence, 69.5% for physical violence, and 75.8% for sexual violence. For psychological, physical, and sexual violence, the odds ratio for depression were 2.57 (95% confidence interval [CI] = [2.15, 3.07]), 2.07 [1.76, 2.43], and 2.26 [1.73, 2.95], respectively, after controlling for age, occupation, education attainment, and residence. There is a clear need to raise awareness about IPV and to develop approaches for prevention and management. The new Domestic Violence Law represents a step in the right direction.

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