The Worship of the Goddess of Language: Ram Mani Acharya Dixit’s Efforts in Standardization of the Nepali Language in Benares

This paper will focus on a 20th century Nepali intellectual, Ram Mani Acharya Dixit (1883–1972), and his trans-border activities for the promotion of the vernacular by investigating his integration of the progress of a language with his nation, his apotheosis of the vernacular and his devotion in strengthening prose writing for the sake of the development of the divine mother tongue. Foregrounding his linguistic activities such as writing, publishing and printing in Nepal and India, with Benares in particular, it will try to answer questions such as: What was the motivating factor that inspired him to write and publish in the Nepali language? Was he in any way influenced by the Hindi language movement that was at its peak in North India of the time? How influential was Dixit’s role in standardizing Nepali? Besides this Nepali language standardization concern, the paper will also examine Dixit’s idea of serving mother, motherland, mother tongue and [Hindu] religion through service to a language.

Socio-cultural Perspective of Senior Citizens Health Status in Nepal

This study examines the elderly people’s health status differentials according to selected background variables on the basis of Ageing Survey 2014. The general objective of the study is to identify the health status of elderly people in socio-cultural perspective. This study examined the associations of different twelve socio-cultural factors with combination of health outcome (Good or Bad) in older age by applying the cross tables, Chi squire test and binary logistic regression analysis. These variables are selected on the basis of theoretical and empirical studies sighted in the literature reviews. This research is find out only three major socio-cultural factors that make variation determine in the health status of elderly people in Nepal. General literacy status does not impact the elderly health situation in Nepal so high level education need to elderly to improve health status of elderly. Highly appreciating and follow up elderly advices help to increase health status of elderly so it should be utilized in most societies of Nepal. Only Kirat religion elderly are found to be in good health condition than Hindu religion. So other religions of Nepal have not significant impact on health status of elderly compare to Hindu religion.

PENGEMBANGAN VIDEO PEMBELAJARAN ANIMASI 2 DIMENSI MATA PELAJARAN AGAMA HINDU MENGENAI SAD RIPU STUDI KASUS KELAS VI (ENAM) SD NEGERI 1 KALIBUKBUK

The purpose of this study is to determine (1) the design and impementation of the development of a 2-dimentional animation learning video for sad ripu of hindu religion subject for 6th grade at SD Negeri 1 Kalibukbuk. The result of 6th grade response shows that 2-dimentional animation learning video is suitable for learning media of sad ripu of hindu religion subject. Research method used for the development is MDLC (Multimedia Development Life Cycle) approach which contained several steps, they are concept, design, material collecting, assembly, testing, and distribution. Study result shows that the elementary student as user of the learning video gave positive response and very enthusiastic about learning sad ripu of hindu religion subject with learning video. (2) From the result of response test to 10 elementary student as respondent to see the feasibility of learning video obtained result of 85%, which means 2-dimentional animation learning video for sad ripu of hindu religion subject is included in the good category. Keywords: Learning Video, 2D Animation, Hinduism, Sad Ripu, MDLC (Multimedia Development Life Cycle).

Pengaruh Implementasi Model Pembelajaran Group Investigation Dan Learning Cycle 5E Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Agama Hindu Dan Kreativitas Bermain Mind Mapping Siswa Kelas V Sekolah Dasar Negeri 17 Dauh Puri

Education in Indonesia theoretically emphasized on the success achieved by learners during a learning process. The purpose of education in Indonesia is to create a quality person and character, this research is a research experiment by applying two different models of cooperative learning in students of class V State primary school 17 Dauh Puri in 2016/2017 lesson to find out the difference of achievement study Hinduism and the creativity of students in play mind mapping. The data obtained will be analysed using two methods of data analysis. Anava and manova one way. Anava a road used to measure learning achievement differences of Hindu religion and creativity play mind mapping model of learning the second whereas one way manova is used to analyze the difference of achievement study Hinduism and creativity play mind mapping students simultaneously. The results of testing hypotheses in mind that learning methods are applied affect the learning achievements of the Hindu religion. It proved ultimately based on the acquisition value of the average Hindu learning accomplishments of students who follow the model of cooperative learning group-type investigation is lower than 5E learning cycle model of learning. Simultaneously it is known that the model of cooperative learning group-type investigation and larning cycle 5E influence on hindu learning achievements of students but less effect on students ' creativity in playing mind mapping. Based on the results of the analysis of the effectiveness of the size it is known that learning learning cycle model 5E instructional model and type of group cooperative investigation learning achievements influence on Hindu students learning learning cycle model 5E more influence of Hindu learning achievement grade V. Based on results of testing the effectiveness of learning model is known then the full-size learning cycle 5E more effectively applied at the level of primary school.

Orientalists and Missionaries

The best accounts of Hindu religious beliefs and practices to reach Europe before 1800 came overwhelmingly from the pens of missionaries. There are several reasons why this was so. Their missionary task obviously motivated them to attempt to understand Hindu religion even if they ultimately rejected it as a false religion. Beyond this, missionaries were more likely than other Europeans, such as travelers or colonial officials, to spend the bulk of their lives, often several decades, in India. They were more likely to be well-educated, to learn Indian languages, and, especially, to read Indian literature. Although many remained in European coastal enclaves, in the early period they were also much more likely than other Europeans to spend extended periods beyond the colonial frontier, living and working in the hinterland. They were also usually required to give an account of their activities to their superiors in Europe. Their letters and reports are also more likely than those produced by independent travelers (although not colonial officials) to have survived by being preserved in European archives. Although missionary scholarship has continued into the 20th century and even beyond, it was gradually eclipsed by colonial and later professional scholarship from the end of the 18th century. The emphasis here will be on works emerging from the earlier period. Scholarship on missionaries has, until quite recently, been very largely the domain of historians of mission, many of whom were missionaries themselves. This has begun to change as the value of missionary accounts have been more widely recognized, and there has been a welcome shift from the often frankly hagiographic character of earlier secondary scholarship.

Crossover Hinduism and Other Possible Categories When Dealing with Hinduism in Europe

This article will discuss the difficulties in analysing and mapping Hinduism in Europe, and will present a suggestion for a working typology. The point of departure is Denmark as a geographically limited space. The aim of this article is to use the findings in Denmark and the suggested categories for groups to form a heuristic framework, or present some overall patterns that apply to other European countries. This is despite the special history of Denmark, which of course has to be taken into account—not least when it comes to its Hindu migration patterns, relations with the Hindu tradition among the public, and relations with religion in general (Denmark and the other Scandinavian countries are regarded as prototypically secular societies). The following categories or typologies will be presented from a polythetic point of view: (a) people or groups who understand themselves as Hindus by birth and by descent; (b) people or groups that can be understood as Hindu related; (c) people or groups that can be understood as being inspired by the Hindu religion. There is also a fourth category or better tendency, which will be called Crossover Hinduism. Crossover Hinduism can be understood as a form of dialectical network and entanglement, but also as a mutual reference point between the different groups. This representation of Hinduism will be the main focus of this article. The concept of Crossover Hinduism not only challenges concepts such as syncretism and eclecticism, but can also give an idea of how concepts flow and generate new meaning(s) that will have some kind of impact on the way the different groups can be associated with the Hindu tradition.

Prevalence, Patterns, and Predictors of Yoga Practice Among Adults in an Urban Population in Eastern India

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and predictors of yoga practice. This cross-sectional study was conducted as a part of a larger study that included yoga as a form of physical activity. Data were collected during April and August 2019 from the adult urban population of Bhubaneswar, India. This study was conducted using a cluster random sampling method. A representative sample (n = 1,203) of adults aged 18–59 years, irrespective of gender, was interviewed using a questionnaire adapted from the 2012 U.S. National Health Interview Survey, with the Epicollect5 handheld data-collection tool. Predictors of yoga practice were explored using multivariable logistic regression. The mean age of the participants was 35.19 ± 10.67 years, with 55.3% males. The majority were Hindu (93.62%) and belonged to the unre s e rved category (65.60%), people generally of higher relative socioeconomic status. The lifetime prevalence of yoga was 16.9%. Prevalence of any form of yoga (yoga, pranayama, or meditation), all forms of yoga (yoga, pranayama, and meditation), pranayama, and meditation was 17.0%, 10.7%, 14.3%, and 11.4%, respectively. After adjusting for confounders, female gender, Hindu religion, minimum of higher-secondary or graduate-level education, and having received advice from professionals for yoga practice had significantly higher odds of practicing yoga, and those of higher socioeconomic status had significantly lower odds of practicing yoga. We found a low prevalence of yoga. Sociodemographic characteristics like gender, religion, education, socioeconomic status, and other factors like learning yoga from professionals may be important predictors of continued yoga practice.

Livelihoods of Otter fishers` in the South-Western zone of Bangladesh

Fishing with otters is an ancient fishing technique in Bangladesh, exists only in the south-western part of the country with smooth-coated Otter (Lutrogale perspicillata). The present study was carried out to portray this unique fishing technique and to investigate otter fishers` livelihood status in Narail District. Fishing with otters is carried out at night in the Chitra and the Nabaganga rivers, involving at least four people, a boat, a net, 2-3 adult tamed otters and 1-2 immature trainee otters. The socio-economic conditions and livelihood status of the otter fishers` were found as not-satisfactory level whereas about 75% of total 36 fishermen were termed as very poor and they don`t have their own boat and nets for fishing. All of the surveyed fishers belong to the Hindu religion and less access to education, pure drinking water, and a healthy sanitation system. Due to scanty income, and resultant low-living standard, 14 otter fishers were found changed their ancient profession. Therefore, direct interventions are essential to support improved and sustainable socio-economic condition of the otter fishing community. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.8(2): 249-257, August 2021

PERANAN PENYULUH AGAMA HINDU DALAM MENGIMPLEMENTASIKAN AJARAN TRI HITA KARANA BAGI MASYARAKAT KABUPATEN TABANAN

<p align="center"><strong><em>ABSTRACT</em></strong></p><p><em>Problems occured not only because of people selfishness or greediness, but also the lack of understanding about Tri Hita Karana concept in the community. According to Decision of Minister of Religion No. 516 the role of adviser of awareness-raising program to guide and foster community in the religious way. It is notable for the adviser of such program to understand the existing problems by providing education and better understanding of Tri Hita Karana Concept. Nonetheless the understanding and practice of Tri Hita Karan for the adviser of Hindu Religion? This issue is raised so we have visibility about the understanding and practice of Tri Hita Karan by adviser of Hindu Religion. The topic had been researched using qualitative method, gathering data by interview with the source, located in Ministry of Religion Tabanan Regency. Based on the research result, it was stated that the method which used to explain the concept of Tri Hita Karana is not good enough. The Adviser is recommended to improve the competency of advising, especially the method and strategy of advising. Therefore, according to KMA No. 516, Religious Training Centre have a duty to give training to advisers.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>: Tri Hita Karana, Hinduism Counsellor.</em></p>

Theology of Music and Hindu Religion: From Divine Origins to Classical Songs

As a subfield in the study of religion and music, the theology of music is generally understood in Western terms. Yet to fully encompass the rich heritage of music in world religions, the theology of music must welcome non-Western traditions. After introducing ancient Greek and Biblical narratives regarding the origins of music, including metaphysical concepts, narratives of music as Divine Gift, musical angels, and the sacred origin of the notes and scales, this article explores music in Hindu religion through the lens of theology. We find that Indian music is also ‘given by the gods’ (i.e., Brahmā, Vishnu, and Śiva), associated with ‘musical angels,’ and originally formed from metaphysical principles (i.e., OM and the concept of Nāda-Brahman). What is demonstrated here, representing a long continuity, is how these same ideas are viable in the performance of Indian classical music today. Citing examples of compositions of Dhrupad and Khayal from the standard repertoire, this article reveals how modern-day classical songs contain references to sacred sound principles and the divine origins of music, both in their lyrics and in the unfoldment of musical notes (Svaras) and melodic patterns (Rāgas).