scholarly journals Soil management systems and their effect on the weed seed bank

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar Tiago Forte ◽  
Leandro Galon ◽  
Amauri Nelson Beutler ◽  
Felipe José Menin Basso ◽  
Felipe Nonemacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Winter Cover

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the density and composition of the soil weed seed bank when bean, corn, and soybean are cultivated in the no-tillage system (NTS) in rotation with winter cover crop species and in the conventional tillage system (CTS). The experiment was installed in a complete randomized block design with three replicates. The evaluation of the seed bank was performed on soil samples (0-10 and 10-20 cm) in four points of each experimental unit, at 15, 30, 60, and 90 days of cultivation. Bean, corn, and soybean crops were sown in the NTS with different soil cover crops in rotation, as well as in the CTS. The NTS provided a more dense and abundant soil seed bank of the species Gnaphalium spicatum and Oxalis corniculata when corn, soybean, and bean were cultivated. The species Lolium multiflorum showed lower density and less seeds in the soil seed bank when the NTS was adopted. The use of the winter cover crops black oat and cow vetch, cultivated individually or in consortium, resulted in a lower density of weed species, especially of L. multiflorum. The NTS provides a lower density of weed species in the soil seed bank than the CTS.

Winter cover crops reduce the soil seed bank and infestations of italian ryegrass in No‐Tillage System

Crop Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanei Cechin ◽  
Maicon Fernando Schmitz ◽  
Jonathan Schwanz Torchelsen ◽  
Miria Rosa Durigon ◽  
Dirceu Agostinetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Winter Cover Crops

scholarly journals Relation between Soil Weed Seedbank and Weed Management Practises and Diversity in Farms in Kisii Central Sub County, Nyanza

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Charles N. Nyamwamu ◽  
Rebecca Karanja ◽  
Peter Mwangi
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Weed Diversity ◽  
Hand Weeding

This study sought to determine the relation between soil weed seed bank and weed management practices and diversity in farms in Kisii Central Sub County, Western Kenya. Eight administrative sub-locations were randomly selected. Ten farms were selected at equal distance along transect laid across each sub-location. Weed soil seed bank was assessed from soil samples collected from each of the farms; a sub-sample was taken from a composite sample of ten soil cores of 5cm diameter and 15cm deep and placed in germination trays in a greenhouse. Weed diversity in soil weed seedbank was calculated using the Shannon index (H’). Twelve weed species from 12 genera of nine families were recorded. Diversity of the weed species in soil weed seed bank was (H'=1.48). Weed management practises significantly affected weed species soil weed seedbank reserves. Use of inefficient and ineffective hand-weeding techniques resulted in high weed species diversity and abundance.

scholarly journals Interference Periods of Weeds Infesting Maize Crop

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Galon ◽  
Maico André Michelon Bagnara ◽  
Ricardo Luis Gabiatti ◽  
Francisco Wilson Reichert Júnior ◽  
Felipe José Menin Basso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Total Period ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Maize Plants

When competing with crops, weeds interfere with their growth and consequently reduce grain yield. The purpose of this research was to determine the periods of interference; PIP (pre-interference period), TPWC (total period of weed control), and CPWC (critical period of weed control) of the weeds Alexandergrass (Urochloa plantaginea) and southern crabgrass (Digitaria ciliares) in maize. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications, in a no-tillage system. The treatments consisted in maintaining maize in the presence and absence of Alexandergrass and southern crabgrass for increasing periods of 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days after emergence (DAE). Southern crabgrass and Alexandergrass weeds originated from the soil seed bank with an average density of 215 and 87 plants m-2, respectively. At the end of each period, PIP or TPWC, the weed and crop dry biomass was determined. At 42 DAE, the height and stem diameter of maize plants were evaluated. At harvest 10 maize plants per experimental unit were evaluated for length of ears, number of rows per ear, and number of grains per row. Yield was measured by taking three central rows from each experimental unit. The results indicate that the PIP was 17 DAE, the TPWC was 32 DAE, and the CPWC was 17 to 32 DAE.

Weed Seed Population Response to Tillage and Herbicide Use in Three Irrigated Cropping Sequences

Weed Science ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 511-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Ball ◽  
Stephen D. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Hairy Nightshade ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Cropping Sequence ◽  
Herbicide Use

Research was conducted to evaluate the effects of primary tillage (moldboard plowing and chisel plowing), secondary tillage (row cultivation), and herbicides on weed species changes in the soil seed bank in three irrigated row cropping sequences over a 3-yr period. The cropping sequences consisted of continuous corn for 3 yr (CN), continuous pinto beans for 3 yr (PB), and sugarbeets for 2 yr followed by corn in the third year (SB). A comparison between moldboard and chisel plowing indicated that weed seed were more prevalent near the soil surface after chisel plowing. The density of certain annual weed seed over the 3-yr period increased more rapidly in the seed bank after chisel plowing compared to moldboard plowing. Species exhibiting the most pronounced increase included hairy nightshade and stinkgrass in the PB cropping sequence and redroot pigweed and common lambsquarters in the SB sequence. Conversely, kochia seed density in the SB sequence decreased more rapidly in chisel-plowed plots. Row cultivation generally reduced seed bank densities of most species compared to uncultivated plots. Herbicide use in each cropping sequence produced a shift in the weed seed bank in favor of species less susceptible to applied herbicides. In particular, seed of hairy nightshade became prevalent in the PB cropping sequence, and seed of kochia, redroot pigweed, and common lambsquarters became prevalent in the SB sequence.

scholarly journals WEEDS IN SOYBEAN CULTIVATION WITH DIFFERENT PREDECESSOR COVER CROPS

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e5890
Author(s):  
Pedro Henrique Gomes Pinto ◽  
Sebastião Ferreira Lima ◽  
Maria Gabriela Oliveira Andrade ◽  
Lucymara Merquides Contardi ◽  
Jorgiani Ávila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
No Till ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Raphanus Sativus L ◽  
Fodder Radish

The competition between soybean and weeds affects crop development due to reduced resources such as water, light, and nutrients, leading to yield losses. Thus, the study aimed to evaluate quantitatively and qualitatively, through phytosociology and seed bank, the weed presence in a soybean cultivation area with different predecessor cover crops. The experiment was installed under no-till system conditions using a randomized block design with nine treatments and three replications. The treatments were composed of the following cover crops, sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), crotalaria (Crotalaria ochroleuca), millet (Pennisetum americanum), Urochloa ruziziensis, U. brizantha cv. Piatã, fodder radish (Raphanus sativus L.), U. brizantha cv. Xaraés, millet + fodder radish, and fallow. The soybean crop was established on the cover crops in the 2019/20 harvest. Soybean characteristics, the seed bank, and weed phytosociology were evaluated. The highest soybean yield was obtained with U. ruziziensis as predecessor cover crop, reaching 4530 kg ha-1. It was concluded that the following cover crops, sorghum, crotalaria, and millet, were the ones that most suppressed the soil weed seed bank. Contrarily, the fallow provided the greatest viable seed number. The weed species Eleusine indica, Digitaria insularis, and Cenchrus echinatus had higher phytosociological values in all treatments.

scholarly journals Soil seed bank of plant species as a function of long-term soil management and sampled depth

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 725-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Concenço ◽  
J.C Salton ◽  
R.C Brevilieri ◽  
P.B Mendes ◽  
M.L Secretti
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Tillage System

This study aimed at assessing the level of weed infestation indifferent areas that were submitted to different soil management for 16 years. Four management systems were studied: (1) agriculture only under conventional tillage system; (2) agriculture only under no-till system; (3) crop-livestock integrationcrop-livestock integration; (4) livestock only. These areas were sampled at three soil depths (0-5, 5-10 and 10-15 cm), and soil was stored in plastic pots and taken to a greenhouse, where soil moisture and weight were standardized. Soil was kept near 70% moisture field capacity, being revolved every 20 days when all seedling emerged from soil were counted, identified and collected for dry mass assessment. The soil coverage by weeds, number of weed seedlings and dry mass of the weedy community were assessed. A phytoecological analysis was conducted. Weed composition is differentdifferent among management systems after 16 years. Areas with livestock showed much smaller number of weed species in comparison to systems where only grain crops are grown. The presence of livestock affects the potential of germination of soil seed bank. Agriculture systems are similar in terms of weed composition along soil profile, while systems involving livestock show little relation in what regards such sampled depths. Conservationist models of land exploration contribute to reduce severity of weed species occurrence in the long term.

scholarly journals Variation on the amount of winter cover crops residues on weeds incidence and soil seed bank during an agricultural year

2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcia Maria Mauli ◽  
Lúcia Helena Pereira Nóbrega ◽  
Danielle Medina Rosa ◽  
Gislaine Piccolo de Lima ◽  
Ricardo Ralish
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Winter Cover Crops

scholarly journals Influence of Short-term Maize–Green Manure Cover Crop Rotations on Germinable Weed Seed Bank under Conservation Agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-155
Author(s):  
Rugare Joyful Tatenda ◽  
Pieterse Petrus Jacobus ◽  
Mabasa Stanford
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Bidens Pilosa

The effects of one- and two-year maize-cover crop rotations on weed seed bank density and species composition were evaluated in fields at the University of Zimbabwe (UZ) and the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT, Harare) between 2014 and 2017. Nine cover crops were rotated, and maize and weed seed bank analyses were done using the seedling emergence method. Maize was used as the control. The results indicated that weed seed density was not significantly (p > 0.05) affected by cover crop mulch type across the seasons. There was a significant (p < 0.05) decline in weed density in the second maize phase of the rotation in UZ Field A. Bidens pilosa, Galinsoga parviflora, Amaranthus hybridus and Eleusine indica were the dominant weeds. B. pilosa density significantly decreased in the second season in UZ Field A but did not vary significantly among cover crops. Significant changes in weed species richness, evenness, and diversity were observed only in the second phase of the rotation in UZ Field A. The results suggest that maize-cover crop rotations could be effective in reducing seed bank size in the short term but have no short-term effect on weed species community composition.

scholarly journals Agronomic performance of soybean grown in succession to winter cover crops

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 909-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio Henrique Krenchinski ◽  
Victor José Salomão Cesco ◽  
Danilo Morilha Rodrigues ◽  
Leandro Paiola Albrecht ◽  
Katle Samaya Wobeto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Standard Management ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Winter Cover Crops

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of winter cover crop species on the agronomic performance of soybean (Glycine max) cropped in succession, under a no-tillage system. The study was conducted during three crop seasons (2011/2012, 2012/2013, and 2013/2014), with the following cover crops: white oat (Avena sativa), black oat (Avena strigosa), ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), vetch (Vicia sativa), forage radish (Raphanus sativus), the intercrop black oat + forage radish, and wheat (Triticum aestivum) as the standard management. Forage radish and the intercrop black oat + forage radish provided greater soil cover rates after 30 days of planting, as well as dry matter production in the three crop seasons. After 45 and 90 days from desiccation, however, white oat and ryegrass showed the highest soil cover rate. Black oat and the intercrop black oat + forage radish provided higher soybean yield than the standard management with wheat, in the 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 crop seasons. Winter cover crops can significantly affect soybean yield in succession, and black oat and the intercrop black oat + forage radish stand out for this purpose.

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