scholarly journals Preferential reproduction mode of hermaphrodite papaya plant (Carica papaya L; Caricaceae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Corrêa Damasceno junior ◽  
Telma Nair Santana Pereira ◽  
Messias Gonzaga Pereira ◽  
Francisco Filho da Silva ◽  
Margarete de Magalhães Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Acetate Solution ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Stigma Receptivity ◽  
Flower Opening ◽  
Reproduction Mode ◽  
Pollen:Ovule Ratio

This research was done to study the reproductive system of papaya hermaphrodite plant based on the histochemical nature of pollen grain, stigma receptivity, in vivo pollen grain germination and pollen:ovule ratio. In the histochemical analysis, pollen grains were stained by using Sudan IV and I2KI solution ; the stigma receptivity was assessed by alpha-naphthtyl acetate solution in closed and opened flowers. Pollen germination and pollen tube growing were examined in flower buds near anthesis with 0.1% aniline blue. To estimate the pollen:ovule ratio , anthers from each flower bud were dissected and all pollen grains were counted; ovules were dissected from ovaries and were counted under stereomicroscope. The results indicated that papaya pollen grains are of lipidic nature; the stigmas were receptive before the opening and until 48 hours after opening; the pollen grains germinated and emitted polinic tube before flower opening and the pollen:ovule ratio indicated the predominance of autogamous reproductive system. These results indicate that hermaphrodite papaya trees is preferentially of optional autogamous with cleistogamy.

scholarly journals Analysis of the reproduction mode in Psidium spp. using the pollen:ovule ratio

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e44062
Author(s):  
Maria Lorraine Fonseca Oliveira ◽  
Telma Nair Santana Pereira ◽  
Rodrigo Miranda Barbosa ◽  
Alexandre Pio Viana
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Reproduction Mode ◽  
Reproductive Characteristics ◽  
Reproduction Strategy ◽  
Pollen:Ovule Ratio ◽  
Floral Bud

This research aimed to explore the reproductive characteristics of three species of Psidium (P. guajava L., P. cattleyanum Sabine, and P. guineense Sw.) and estimate a probable reproduction strategy based on the pollen:ovule (P:O) methodology. The number of pollen grains per floral bud (NGPB), number of pollen grains per anther (NGPA), number of anthers per flower bud (NAB), number of ovules per flower bud (NOB), and the P:O ratio of each species were estimated. All species had a P:O ratio over 2,000 and were classified as xenogamous. P.guajava presented the highest values for all characteristics evaluated, with the NGPB at 3,777,519, the NOB at 584.50 and a P:O ratio of 6,462.82. Similarly, P. cattleyanum had a P:O ratio of 5,649.89 (NGPB 762,736 and NOB 135). However, P. guineense was considered facultative xenogamous, with P:O of 2,085.75, the NGPB at 741,484 and the NOB at 355.50. Thus, it was concluded that the studied species have a preference for allogamy and require many pollen grains to fertilize each ovule, demonstrating that the transfer of pollen to the stigma is not very specialized.

scholarly journals Viability of pollen grains and stigma receptivity in Desert Rose

2022 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-98
Author(s):  
Cristiane Gonçalves Souza ◽  
Sabrina Maihave Barbosa Ramos ◽  
Silvia Nietsche ◽  
Clivia Carolina Fiorilo Possobom ◽  
Elka Fabiana Aparecida Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Floral Biology ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
In Vitro Germination ◽  
Stigma Receptivity ◽  
Flower Opening

Abstract Adenium obesum (Forssk.) Roem. & Schult., popularly known as desert rose, has become a valuable ornamental plant. In floriculture, the production of hybrids is prioritized. Hence, knowledge on floral biology and sexual reproduction of the target species is fundamental. The objectives of this study were: (1) to test sucrose concentrations and temperatures for in vitro germination of A. obesum pollen grains; (2) to identify the effect of temperature on the viability of A. obesum pollen grains; and (3) to evaluate the viability of pollen grains and stigma receptivity in pre-anthesis, at flower opening, and 72 h post-flower opening in three accessions of A. obesum. A significant relationship between temperatures and sucrose concentrations was observed in the in vitro germination test. The highest percentage of in vitro germination of pollen grains, 39.81%, was observed at an estimated temperature of 26.05 °C. Desert rose accessions maintained in biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) chambers at 30 °C during a 16-h light photoperiod showed faster flowering, and temperatures ≥ 25 °C induced pollen grain viability percentages above 69%. Temperature is one of the most important abiotic factors, influencing mainly in pollen germination, pollen tube growing and in efficiency fertilization. The ICA-wd accession stood out and can be considered a pollen donor in artificial pollination. The stigmas of flowers were receptive from a day before flower opening until three days after. The two parameters presented above, stigma receptivity and pollen viability, allow inferences about the appropriate time for successful pollination and subsequent fertilization in desert roses.

scholarly journals The development rhythm of the flower-bud in some Papilionaceae species. Part II. Microsporogenesis, macrosporogenesis and early gametogenesis in Pisum sp. forms against the background of bud development

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Wojciechowska
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Grain Formation

The process of microsporogenesis and development of pollen grains was found to occur in an identical rhythm in 14 examined forms of <i>Pisum</i> sp. as compared with the development of the perianth. In the 3 forms studied in detail: <i>Pisum sativum</i> L. cultivar Folger, cultivar Peluszka Bordowa and <i>Pisum sativum</i> L. ssp. <i>transcaucasicum</i> Gov. an identical development rhythm of the bud was observed as compared with that of microsporogenesis, pollen grain formation and macrosporogenesis.

scholarly journals In vivo and in vitro pollen maturation in Lilium: influence of carbohydrates

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 73-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Clement ◽  
Daniel Al-Awad ◽  
Jean C. Audran
Keyword(s):  
Germination Rate ◽  
Starch Synthesis ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Pollen Maturation ◽  
Microspore Stage

The purpose of this study was to develop a protocol for <em>in vitro</em> conform pollen maturation, as a model to study the involvement of carbohydrates on pollen maturation in <em>Lilium</em>. <em>In vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em> pollen maturations were followed and compared by transmission electron microscopy, and several <em>in vitro</em> parameters were tested in terms of carbohydrate physiology. <em>In vivo</em>, pollen maturation was initiated at the vacuolated microspore stage, and consisted of two successive phases. The first phase was characterized by reactivation of microspore organelles, followed by microspore mitosis, starch synthesis and vacuole breakdown. During the second phase, starch was progressively degraded whereas lipid and phytine reserves accumulated. <em>In vivo</em>, pollen maturation occured within 14 days and pollen germination rate was 73.6 ± 2.2%. We then attempted to realise <em>in vitro</em> pollen maturation starting from the vacuolated microspore stage. The best results were obtained with flower buds cultivated at 26<sup>o</sup>C, in 100 µmol/m<sup>2</sup>/s light, with a 16h/8h photoperiod on a modified Heller's medium supplemented with NAA (10<sup>-2</sup> mg/l) and sucrose (M/6). In these conditions, pollen maturation occured within 7 days only. <em>In vitro</em> matured pollen is cytologically comparable to <em>in vivo</em> developed pollen grains and the germination rate was 72.4 ± 3.7%. When flower buds were cultivated in the dark, the germination rate decreased, but this could be compensated by providing high sucrose concentrations (1M) in the medium. Further, photosynthesis inhibitors had the same effect on pollen maturation than the darkness, strongly suggesting that photosynthesis occurs in the flower bud and is important for pollen maturation in <em>Lilium</em>.

scholarly journals Effect of Boron and Calcium on in Vitro and in Vivo Lowbush Blueberry Pollen Germination

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 784B-784
Author(s):  
Youzhi Chen ◽  
John M. Smagula
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
To Receive

Ten clones of lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) having low leaf boron (B) concentrations (<20 ppm) were selected to receive fall foliar B (400 ppm), Ca (4000 ppm), B (400 ppm) + Ca (4000 ppm), or water (control). B concentration was raised in stem and bud tissue 3 months after application, but Ca concentration was unaffected. Two randomly selected 5-inch sod plugs from treatment plots within each clone were transported to cold storage at 2.7C for 1000 h to satisfy flower bud dormancy, then to a growth chamber at 24C to blossom. Pollen from plants receiving B had lower in vitro germination rates on 5% agar with 12% lactose after 20 h compared to control and Ca treatments. For in vivo germination, 10 blossoms were randomly selected on sod plugs of each treatment plot to receive 15 control-treatment pollen grains, which were allowed to germinate for 3 days. With the aid of fluorescence microscopy, a higher pollen germination percentage was observed in blossoms of plants receiving B, Ca, and B + Ca. B and Ca may have more influence on the ability of the stigma to stimulate pollen germination than on the germinability of pollen grains themselves.

Laboratory Exercise on the Segregation of Flower Color and Related Genes Using Salpiglossis sinuata

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 555b-555
Author(s):  
Chiwon W. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Segregation Ratio ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Flower Opening ◽  
Pigmentation Pattern ◽  
Laboratory Exercise ◽  
Demonstration Plant ◽  
Corolla Color

Velvet flower (Salpiglossis sinuata, Solanaceae) can be used as an excellent demonstration plant for horticultural crop breeding classes. Salpiglossis produces large trumpet-like flowers exhibiting an assortment of corolla color and pigmentation pattern. The pistil is large (3 to 4 cm long) with a sticky stigmatal tip and anthers can be easily emasculated prior to anthesis. The large pollen grains are shed in tetrads, which can be separated and individually placed on the stigma. It takes 8 to 9 weeks from seeding to blooming, with a prolific flowering cycle repeated in flushes. Numerous seeds (about 750/capsule) are obtained in 3 weeks after self- or cross-pollination. The influences of three genes that control flower color and pigmentation pattern can be conveniently demonstrated with their dominant and recessive alleles. The R gene controls flower color with red (RR or Rr) being dominant over yellow (rr) flower color. The D gene controls the density of pigmentation with solid (DD or Dd) color being dominant over dilute (dd) color. Corolla color striping is controlled by the St gene with striped (stst) being recessive to non-striped (StSt or Stst) pattern. For example, by using diploid lines of genotypes RRDD (red, solid), RRdd (red, dilute), or rrdd (yellow, dilute) and their crosses, students can easily learn a dominant phenotypic expression in the F1 hybrid and the digenic 9:3:3:1 segregation ratio in the F2 progeny. Another gene (C) that controls flower opening can also be used to show its influence on cleistogamous (closed, self-pollinated, CC or Cc) versus normal chasmogamous (open-pollinated, cc) corolla development. In addition, the induction and use of polyploid (4X, 3X) plants in plant breeding can be effectively demonstrated using this species.

scholarly journals Species Identification of Pinus Pollen Found in Belukha Glacier, Russian Altai Mountains, Using a Whole-Genome Amplification Method

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 444
Author(s):  
Fumio Nakazawa ◽  
Yoshihisa Suyama ◽  
Satoshi Imura ◽  
Hideaki Motoyama
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
Whole Genome Amplification ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Pinus Sibirica ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Genome Amplification ◽  
Amplification Method

Pollen taxa in sediment samples can be identified based on morphology. However, closely related species do not differ substantially in pollen morphology, and accurate identification is generally limited to genera or families. Because many pollen grains in glaciers contain protoplasm, genetic information obtained from pollen grains should enable the identification of plant taxa at the species level. In the present study, species identification of Pinus pollen grains was attempted using whole-genome amplification (WGA). We used pollen grains extracted from surface snow (depth, 1.8–1.9 m) from the Belukha glacier in the summer of 2003. WGA was performed using a single pollen grain. Some regions of the chloroplast genome were amplified by PCR, and the DNA products were sequenced to identify the pollen grain. Pinus includes approximately 111 recognized species in two subgenera, four sections, and 11 subsections. The tree species Pinus sibirica and P. sylvestris are currently found at the periphery of the glacier. We identified the pollen grains from the Belukha glacier to the level of section or subsection to which P. sibirica and P. sylvestris belong. Moreover, we specifically identified two pollen grains as P. sibirica or P. cembra. Fifteen species, including P. sibirica, were candidates for the remaining pollen grain.

scholarly journals Pollen characters as taxonomic evidence in some species of Dipsacaceae from Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebadi-Nahari Mostafa ◽  
Nikzat-Siahkolaee Sedigheh ◽  
Eftekharian Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Pollen Type ◽  
Upgma Tree ◽  
Pollen Characters ◽  
Exine Ornamentation ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Plant Taxon

Pollen morphology of nine species representing four genera: Cephalaria Schrad, Dipsacus L., Pterocephalus Vaill. and Scabiosa L. of the family Dipsacaceae in Iran has been investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that pollen grains were triporate and tricolpate. The pollen type of Scabiosa rotata Bieb. (tri- and tetraporate) is the first report in the world. The sizes of pollen grains fall into the classification group magna (pollen grain diameter 50–100 μm). Pollen shapes vary from preoblate to prolate and their polar views were triangulate and lobate. The exine ornamentation varies from gemmate in S. rotata to spinulate in the rest studied species. Species of Scabiosa have been dispersed in UPGMA tree that this confirmed the previous studies about taxonomic problems and species complexity in this genus. These results show the transfer of the some Scabisoa species to Lomelosia Raf. based on palynological characters. Pollen morphology of the family is helpful at the generic and specific level.Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 24(2): 129–136, 2017 (December)

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