Application of nitrogen sources on grapevines and effect on yield and must composition

This study was carried out to evaluate the yield, total N content in leaves and must composition of grapes from the Cabernet Sauvignon variety subjected to the application of urea and organic compost. Cabernet Sauvignon grapevines in Rosário do Sul, RS, Brazil, in 2008, 2009 and 2010 were subjected to annual application of 40 kg N ha-1 in the form of organic compost and urea, and compared to unfertilized grapevines. In the 2008/09, 2009/10 and 2010/11 crop seasons, leaves were collected for analysis of total N content. At maturation of the grapes, the yield and quality attributes of the must were evaluated. The application of N sources, especially organic compost, increased the N content in the whole leaf at full flowering. Application of organic compost and urea has little effect on grape yield and does not affect the total nutrient content in the must, nor the enological attributes.

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Sludge Stabilization Process, Drying Depth and Polymeric Material Addition: Implication on Nitrogen Content, Selected Chemical Properties and Land Requirement in Sand Drying Beds

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13246753 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (24) ◽

pp. 6753

Author(s):

Taruvinga Badza ◽

Eyob H. Tesfamariam ◽

Craig Cogger

Keyword(s):

Polymeric Material ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Polymeric Materials ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Land Area ◽

N Content ◽

Total N ◽

Sludge Drying ◽

Land Size

Drying beds are a simple and economical means to dewater municipal sludge and are widely used in places with a suitable climate for air-drying. However, research-based information on drying thickness/drying depth effects on nutrient content and land size requirements for sludge drying is scarce. In this study, aerobically digested (AeD), and anaerobically digested without polymer (AnDP0) and with polymer (AnDP1) sludge types were dried in sand drying beds at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 cm depths in South Africa. Measured nitrogen (N) fractions and other parameters were more strongly influenced by sludge types than by drying depth. Total N content followed the order of AeD > AnDP1 > AnDP0. Polymeric material addition tended to increase total and inorganic N content and reduce the length of sludge drying period and land size requirement. The study showed that larger land size is required to dry sludge at shallower depths, even though the sludge dried more quickly. Drying sludge at 15 cm was the best option across sludge types in winter, taking an average land area between 261 and 383 m2 over the fewest days of sludge drying, whereas in spring, drying at 20 to 25 cm depth was most favorable. The findings suggest that drying bed management can be based on land area requirements with little concern for biosolid quality changes. For wastewater treatment plants relying on drying in beds, adding polymeric materials may be beneficial where land area for drying beds is limited, but not otherwise. Therefore, land availability is critical in decision making for sustainable sludge drying thickness.

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Effect of Bioslurry from Fixed Dome and Tubular (Flexi) Biodigesters on Selected Soil Chemical Properties, Maize (Zea mays) Growth, Yield and Quality

International Journal of Plant & Soil Science ◽

10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i2030642 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 158-171

Author(s):

Mercy Kamau Rewe ◽

Esther Muindi ◽

James Ndiso ◽

Kevin Kinusu ◽

Stephen Mailu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Quality ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Soil Chemical Properties ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Total N ◽

Grain Yields ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Exchangeable P

Agricultural utilization of bioslurry plays a critical role in soil conditioning and hence crop production. It also reduces greenhouse gas emissions thus mitigating climate change. Although the effect of bioslurry on growth and yields is well researched, that of different biodigester types is under-researched. Therefore, a study was carried out in Waruhiu Agricultural Training Centre, Githunguri sub-county, Kiambu county in Kenya, to investigate the effect of bioslurry from flexi and dome biodigesters on soil chemical properties, maize growth, yield and grain quality. Treatments were laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and replicated three times. The treatments were bioslurry from both Fixed Dome and Flexi biodigesters, applied separately at a rate of 400mls per hill as basal and top dress fertilizer. Planting was done during the 2019 short and 2020 long rains, using Duma 43 maize variety. The agronomic (germination percentage, number of leaves, leaf width, leaf length, plant height) and productivity data (stalk, stovers, grain yields and grain quality) were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) through Proc general linear model (GLM) procedures. Mean separation was done using least square means (LS-Means). Results showed an increase in soil pH, total N and OC, exchangeable P, K, Mn and Na in both biodigester types. Total N and OC were higher in Dome treated soils by 38.89% and 37.00%, while in Flexi, it was 16.67% and 16.00% respectively. Exchangeable P and K was higher in Flexi treated soils with a 38.57% and 50.00% increase while in Dome it 37.86% and 47.22% respectively. Magnesium and Zn decreased after treatment by 34.30% and 22.59% in Dome while Flexi had 33.23% and 31.79% increase. Exchangeable Fe and acidity decreased in Dome but increased in Flexi treated soils. No statistical differences were observed on growth and yield parameters but Dome registered higher grain yields by 9.4% and 6.3% for short and long rains respectively. Flexi treated soils registered higher values in most grain nutrient content such as K, Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn in short rains and P, Ca, Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn in the long rains. Bioslurry from both biodigester types variably increased the evaluated soil chemical properties but decreased Mg and Zn. Despite the numerical differences noted between bioslurry from both biodigester types on maize growth and yield, there was no significant difference (p≤.05). However, Dome bioslurry increased N, OC and maize grain yield more while exchangeable P and K and most of the grain nutrient content were higher in Flexi treated soils. Therefore, bioslurry from either biodigester type can be used in enhancing soil conditions, growth, yield and quality of maize. However, a long-term experiment is required validate the findings.

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Vermikompost Uygulamalarının San Andreas (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) Çilek Çeşidinin Bazı Verim ve Kalite Değerlerine Etkisi

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology ◽

10.24925/turjaf.v9isp.2641-2648.4950 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 9 (sp) ◽

pp. 2641-2648

Author(s):

Erdem Asaf Develi ◽

Ayşegül Yavuz ◽

Ümmügülsüm Erdoğan

Keyword(s):

Organic Acid ◽

Total Yield ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

San Andreas ◽

Harvest Dates ◽

Effect On Yield ◽

Control Application ◽

Fruit Flavor

In this study, in which the effects of different applications of vermicompost on the yield and quality of San Andreas strawberry variety were investigated 15, 30, 45, 60 g vermicompost was applied per plant. First flowering, first and last harvest dates, number of fruits per plant, yield per plant (g/plant), fruit weight (g), fruit flavor, macro and micro nutrient content, organic acid amounts were examined. The results showed that the differences between treatments in yield per plant were statistically significant. The highest total yield per plant was obtained from V45 and V30 applications with 972.8 g and 878.9 g respectively and the lowest yield was obtained from the control application with 384.2 g per plant. The largest fruits were obtained from the V60 (19.5 g) application. It was determined that nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, sulfur, manganese, iron, zinc and boron concentrations in the leaves of strawberry plants fertilized with vermicompost were higher than the control. The highest values in organic acid values were determined in oxalic, propionic, malonic, lactic, fumaric and succinic acids in V60 application (5.62, 11.16, 49.00, 104.98 µg/100 g respectively). It seems that the application of vermicompost fertilizer in strawberry cultivation has a positive effect on yield and quality characteristics.

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Soil Nitrogen Contents as Affected by Composts Enriched with Organic Nitrogen Sources

Journal of Experimental Agriculture International ◽

10.9734/jeai/2019/v34i330177 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

F. O. Fawole ◽

O. J. Ayodele ◽

G. O. Adeoye

Keyword(s):

Poultry Manure ◽

Nutrient Release ◽

Nitrogen Sources ◽

Cow Dung ◽

Bone Meal ◽

N Content ◽

Nutrient Analysis ◽

Total N ◽

Leaf Meal ◽

Poultry Droppings

Information is scanty on the potentials of agricultural wastes to enrich composts whose low nitrogen (N) content limits their use in organic farming. This study involved enriching composts - cow dung + sawdust (CDSD) and poultry droppings + sawdust (PDSD) with N from bone, blood, hoof and horn meals; and neem leaf and tithonia leaf meals and their incubation in the soil for 16 weeks. Cow dung and sawdust (CDSD), poultry manure and sawdust (PMSD) in 1:1 ratios were composted in separate heaps and samples taken for nutrient analysis at 2 and 22 weeks of composting. The composts were enriched with Bone, Blood, Hoof and Horn of cattle; Neem leaf and Tithonia leaf meals to obtain the following: CDSD + bone (CDSDBN), CDSD + blood (CDSDBM), CDSD + hoof (CDSDHM), CDSD + horn (CDSDHN), CDSD + neem (CDSDNM) and CDSD + tithonia (CDSDTM); PMSD + bone (PMSDBN), PMSD + blood (PMSDBM), PMSD + hoof (PMSDHM), PMSD + horn (PMSDHN), PMSD + neem (PMSDNM) and PMSD + tithonia (PMSDTM). The enrichment was madeto attain 100, 200, 300 and 500g kg-1 N. Each treatment at 30 t ha-1 was incubated for sixteen weeks to monitor the nutrient release at four-week intervals. Total N contents monitored at four-week intervals of incubation showed enrichment in 74.0 and 83.0% of CDSD and PDSD compared to the respective controls. N contents were highest in 21, 0, 1 and 28 composts incubated for 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks respectively. At 4 weeks, CDSD enriched to 500 g kg-1 N from blood meal (CDSDBM) and bone meal (CDSDBN) contained 10.5 and 9.2 gkg-1 total N while PDSD enriched to 50 g kg-1 N from bone meal (PDSDBN) and tithonia leaf meal (PDSDTM) contained 9.3 and 8.6 g kg-1 total N. These are suitable for the cultivation of short-season leaf vegetables. N content reduced at 8 weeks of incubation and increased at 12 and 16 weeks. Only CDSD enriched with neem leaf meal (CDSDNM at all N rates) showed increase in N content with time of incubation. CDSDNM and PDSDBM at 50 g kg-1 N contained the highest total N at 16 weeks of incubation and should be recommended for the cultivation of long-season vegetables.

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Development of Organically Complexed-Bioaugmented Boron-Coated DAP and Its Effect on Yield and Quality of Canola (Brassica napus L.)

Journal of Plant Growth Regulation ◽

10.1007/s00344-021-10453-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tayyaba Samreen ◽

Muhammad Imran ◽

Zahir Ahmad Zahir ◽

Muhammad Zulqernain Nazir ◽

Saima Noureen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brassica Napus ◽

Brassica Napus L ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Effect On Yield

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A study of root and shoot interactions between cereals and peas in mixtures

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600073548 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 120 (1) ◽

pp. 13-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

M. P. Tofinga ◽

R. Paolini ◽

R. W. Snaydon

Keyword(s):

Relative Yield ◽

Root Competition ◽

Total Biomass ◽

N Content ◽

Total N ◽

Resource Complementarity ◽

Relative Yield Total ◽

Shoot Competition ◽

Competitive Abilities ◽

Different Sources

SUMMARYWheat, barley and two morphologically contrasting cultivars of peas (leafy and semi-leafless) were grown in pure stands, at standard agricultural densities, and in additive mixtures of cereals with peas. The stands were grown in boxes in the field, and partitions were used to separate the effects of root and shoot interactions. The cereals and peas were either planted at the same time, or one species was planted 10 days before the other. The origin of the N present in each species was determined by applying N fertilizer labelled with 15N.Both cultivars of peas had greater shoot and root competitive abilities than wheat or barley, probably because of their larger seed size; leafy peas had greater shoot and root competitive abilities than semi-leafless peas. Sowing peas after cereals reduced their competitive ability.The relative yield total (RYT) of cereal-pea mixtures, based on total biomass, averaged 1·6 when only the root systems interacted, and 1·4 when only the shoot systems interacted, but did not differ significantly from 10 when both root and shoot systems interacted. RYT values were greater when peas were grown with wheat, rather than with barley, and when peas were sown at the same time as the cereals.Shoot competition from peas increased the N% of cereals, but substantially reduced their total N content, because biomass yield was reduced. Shoot competition from cereals had no effect on the N% of peas, and only slightly reduced their total N content. Shoot competition between cereals and peas had no significant effect upon the proportion of N derived from various sources by either cereals or peas.Root competition from peas significantly reduced both the N% and total N content of cereals. Root competition from cereals had little effect on the N% of peas, but significantly reduced their total N content and increased the proportion of N derived from rhizobial fixation from 76 to 94%. Since cereals and peas largely used different sources of N, resource complementarity for N was probably an important component of intercropping advantage, when the roots of cereals and peas shared soil resources.

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