Paratuberculosis: new histopathological findings in red deer (Cervus elaphus) and fallow deer (Dama dama) in Chile

ABSTRACT: Paratuberculosis is a disease caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) that affects domestic and wild ruminants. The most common gross lesions are emaciation and corrugation and thickening of the mucosa of the small intestine. Mesenteric lymph nodes might be enlarged. For the present study, 14 red deer and 9 fallow deer from game reserves or venison farms were analyzed. The lesions found correspond to those found by other authors in other geographic locations, except for some differences in histopathological examinations. Among these differences, stands out that intestinal lesions were concentrated mostly in the ileum and granulomas were shown to be more frequent in this section of the intestine than in the corresponding lymph node. Furthermore, in multibacillary lesions the inflammatory infiltrate in the lymph nodes was mainly composed of macrophages. These differences may be due to individual variations of the animals, the stage of disease or a different strain of the pathogen. This study allowed to obtain basic information about the disease and to describe patterns of lesions found in red deer and fallow deer with prediagnosis of clinical paratuberculosis which were not described in the literature before.

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A mixed infection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and M. a. hominissuis in one red deer (Cervus elaphus) studied by IS900 BstEII and IS1245 PvuII RFLP analyses: a case report

Veterinární Medicína ◽

10.17221/1927-vetmed ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 53 (No. 8) ◽

pp. 445-451 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

M. Moravkova ◽

I. Trcka ◽

J. Lamka ◽

I. Pavlik

Keyword(s):

Lymph Nodes ◽

Mycobacterium Avium ◽

Cervus Elaphus ◽

Mixed Infection ◽

Red Deer ◽

Chronic Diarrhoea ◽

Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Mesenteric Lymph ◽

Rflp Type

A mixed infection with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) and Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis (MAH) in one naturally infected red deer stag from a game park is described. The animal was euthanized because of symptoms of poor condition, weight loss and chronic diarrhoea. In spite of that, pathological lesions were observed only in the mesenteric lymph nodes, which were five to ten times enlarged with confluent caseous granulomas of 1 to 10 mm in size. Mycobacteria were isolated from all studied samples: a mixed infection of MAP and MAH was confirmed by multiplex PCR for the detection of IS 900, IS9011, IS1245 and dnaJ. MAP of the identical IS900 BstEII RFLP type C1 was isolated from all tissue samples and faeces. MAH isolates were detected in six examined tissue samples, including three mesenteric lymph nodes with caseous granulomas. Only minor differences in the band numbers and position of four different IS1245 PvuII RFLP patterns of MAH isolates were found. It follows from these results that red deer may potentially be infected with MAH, when a MAP infection is under way.

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Incidence of Mycobacterium avium Subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) Infection in slaughtered buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) of Malwa Region of Madhya Pradesh

THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY ◽

10.21887/ijvsbt.v13i02.10043 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (02) ◽

Author(s):

G. P. Jatav ◽

U. K. Garg ◽

Supriya Shukla ◽

Daljeet Chhabra ◽

A. K. Jayraw ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lymph Nodes ◽

Mycobacterium Avium ◽

Bubalus Bubalis ◽

Madhya Pradesh ◽

Mycobacterium Avium Subsp ◽

Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽

Mesenteric Lymph ◽

Gross Lesions ◽

Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis ◽

Infection Study

The study was undertaken to assess the incidence of subclinical and clinical paratuberculosis in slaughtered buffaloes of Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh. They were unproductive buffaloes (1- 10 years old) slaughtered in Mhow and Indore examined for subclinical and clinical Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) infection. Study of gross lesions of intestine and respective mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) showed overall 87.33% (131/150) incidence of paratuberculosis. Out of these 131 cases of paratuberculosis, 18.21% (24/131) buffaloes suffered from subclinical and 81.68% (107/131) from clinical paratuberculosis, whereas impression smear examination revealed clinical and subclinical paratuberculosis up to 25.77 and 74.33% in intestine and 13.51 and 86.49% in MLNs, respectively.

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Histopathology of Grossly Normal Mesenteric Lymph Nodes of New Zealand Farmed Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) Including Identification of Lipopigment

Veterinary Pathology ◽

10.1177/0300985810382671 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 525-529 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

J. C. Hunnam ◽

P. R. Wilson ◽

C. Heuer ◽

C. G. Mackintosh ◽

D. M. West ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Cervus Elaphus ◽

Red Deer ◽

Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽

Mesenteric Lymph

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Prevalence ofMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisin farmed red deer (Cervus elaphus) with grossly normal mesenteric lymph nodes

New Zealand Veterinary Journal ◽

10.1080/00480169.2012.755888 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 61 (3) ◽

pp. 147-152 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

L A Stringer ◽

P R Wilson ◽

C Heuer ◽

J C Hunnam ◽

C Verdugo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lymph Nodes ◽

Cervus Elaphus ◽

Red Deer ◽

Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽

Mesenteric Lymph

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Differential expression of inflammatory and immune response genes in mesenteric lymph nodes of Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) naturally infected with Mycobacterium bovis

Developmental & Comparative Immunology ◽

10.1016/j.dci.2007.05.001 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 85-91 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Isabel G. Fernández de Mera ◽

José Manuel Pérez de la Lastra ◽

Patricia Ayoubi ◽

Victoria Naranjo ◽

Katherine M. Kocan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Differential Expression ◽

Mycobacterium Bovis ◽

Cervus Elaphus ◽

Red Deer ◽

Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽

Cervus Elaphus Hispanicus ◽

Mesenteric Lymph ◽

Iberian Red Deer

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Mycobacterium bovis Infection in Red Foxes in Four Animal Tuberculosis Endemic Areas in France

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms8071070 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 1070

Author(s):

Céline Richomme ◽

Edouard Réveillaud ◽

Jean-Louis Moyen ◽

Perrine Sabatier ◽

Krystel De Cruz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lymph Nodes ◽

Mycobacterium Bovis ◽

Cervus Elaphus ◽

Host Community ◽

Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽

Red Foxes ◽

Endemic Region ◽

Wildlife Species ◽

Mesenteric Lymph ◽

Endemic Areas

In France, animal tuberculosis (TB) due to Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) affects a multi-host community that include cattle and wildlife species such as wild boars (Sus scrofa), badgers (Meles meles), or wild deer (Cervus elaphus, Capreolus capreolus). The involvement of foxes in the epidemiology of TB is fairly described in countries facing multispecies concerns. After the discovery of grouped cases of TB in foxes in a French TB endemic region, a study was implemented in the core of four TB endemic areas in Dordogne, Charente, Landes (departments of Nouvelle-Aquitaine region), and Côte-d’Or (Burgundy-Franche-Comté region). No infected fox was found in Côte-d’Or (n = 146), where in parallel TB in cattle and other wild species became sparse in the last years. In contrast, in Dordogne, Charente, and Landes, 13 (n = 184), 9 (n = 98) and 7 (n = 140) foxes were found infected by M. bovis, respectively, corresponding to 7.1% (CI95% 3.8–11.8%), 9.2% (4.3–16.7%) and 5.0% (CI95% 2.0–10.0%) prevalence rates, respectively. These infection rates are comparable with those observed in badgers and wild boar in these same three areas (ranging from 9 to 13.2% and 4.3 to 17.9%, respectively), where the number of cattle outbreaks has increased in the last 10-15 years. In each area, the genotypes of foxes’ M. bovis isolates were the same as those in local cattle and other wildlife species. None of the infected foxes presented TB-like gross lesions. M. bovis was found in the mesenteric lymph nodes of 28 foxes (68%). For the 12 foxes where retropharyngeal and respiratory lymph nodes were analyzed separately, M. bovis was present in the respiratory lymph nodes of eight individuals. With regard to excretion, appropriate samples were available for 12 infected foxes from Dordogne. M. bovis DNA was detected in the feces of five of these animals, four of which were infected in the mesenteric lymph nodes. Combined with the knowledge on the biology and ecology of foxes, the results of this study suggest that in areas where infection in cattle is still active in France, foxes might play a role of spillover host in the epidemiology of M. bovis.

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Pathology of the Mononuclear Cell Leukemia of Fischer Rats. I. Morphologic Studies

Veterinary Pathology ◽

10.1177/030098588302000605 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 20 (6) ◽

pp. 698-708 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

P. C. Stromberg ◽

L. M. Vogtsberger

Keyword(s):

Lymph Nodes ◽

Mononuclear Cell ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Extramedullary Hematopoiesis ◽

Cell Leukemia ◽

Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽

Mesenteric Lymph ◽

Lymphoid Depletion ◽

Gross Lesions ◽

Red Pulp

Pathological evaluations were done on 205 rats with mononuclear cell leukemia. Leukemia was diagnosed in 22.2% of males and 20.4% of females with significant risk beginning at 20 months of age. Mononuclear cell leukemia was responsible for 50% of early deaths in two-year studies. Clinically, rats became depressed, pale, icteric and had palpably enlarged spleens. Gross lesions included splenomegaly, enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes, and mottled livers. Hemorrhages occurred in the lungs, brain, and lymph nodes. Histological examination demonstrated that spleen and liver were most consistently and seriously involved, although numerous other organs contained leukemic infiltrates of variable severity. Spleens exhibited diffuse leukemic infiltration of the red pulp, follicular lymphoid depletion, and decrease in both extramedullary hematopoiesis and hemosiderin. Liver lesions consisted of diffuse centrilobular degeneration and necrosis. Erythrophagocytosis by tumor cells was common in the spleen and observed in liver, lymph nodes, and adrenals. The disease appeared to originate in the spleen. Bone marrow infiltration occurred late relative to spleen involvement and was present in less than half of the rats.

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Intestinal lesions in pigs affected with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-736x2008000600009 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 28 (6) ◽

pp. 313-318 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Priscila Zlotowski ◽

André M.R. Corrêa ◽

David E.S.N. Barcellos ◽

Cláudio E.F. Cruz ◽

William Asanome ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lymph Nodes ◽

Villous Atrophy ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome ◽

Porcine Circovirus ◽

Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Wasting Syndrome ◽

Mesenteric Lymph ◽

Intestinal Lesions

Samples of mesenteric lymph nodes and intestines from 79 unthrifty 3- to 5-month-old postweaning pigs, confirmed as naturally affected with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), were studied. Pigs originated from 12 farms in southern Brazil and were selected on the basis of clinical signs and/or gross lesions suggestive of enteric disorder. Lymphohistiocytic infiltrates of varying intensity were associated with anti-porcine circovirus type 2 (anti-PCV2) immunostaining (IS) in samples of intestines and mesenteric lymph nodes from all pigs. Although most findings were similar to those described in PCV2-associated enteritis, anti-PCV2 IS in association with depletion of the goblet cell mucin stores (24 pigs), diffuse ileal villous atrophy and fusion (18 pigs), and dilatation of the lymphatic vessels (11 pigs) combined or not with lymphangitis were also observed. PCV2 antigen was immunohistochemically demonstrated in the cytoplasm and nuclei from intralesional epithelial cells, histiocytes, and endothelial-like cells in intestinal tissues. Together these findings imply an association with PCV2. The presence of co-infections by Lawsonia intracellularis, Brachyspira spp., Mycobacterium spp., Salmonella spp., rotavirus, parvovirus, coronavirus and enteric calicivirus with PCV2 in the intestinal lesions was investigated.

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Pathology of Spontaneous and Experimental Infection of North American Wild Ruminants with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis

Veterinary Pathology ◽

10.1177/030098588302000304 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 274-290 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

E. S. Williams ◽

S. P. Snyder ◽

K. L. Martin

Keyword(s):

Lymph Nodes ◽

Cervus Elaphus ◽

Mule Deer ◽

Bighorn Sheep ◽

Domestic Sheep ◽

Mycobacterium Paratuberculosis ◽

Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽

Poor Growth ◽

Distal Small Intestine ◽

Mesenteric Lymph

Spontaneous paratuberculosis was studied in free-ranging and captive bighorn sheep ( Ovis canadensis), and Rocky Mountain goats ( Oreamnos americanus). Lesions of paratuberculosis in these species resembled the disease in domestic sheep and goats. Mycobacterium paratuberculosis cultured from bighorn sheep was used to orally infect bighorn x mouflon ( Ovis musimon) hybrid sheep, elk ( Cervus elaphus nelsoni), mule deer ( Odocoileus hemionus), and white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus), Clinical paratuberculosis developed only in mule deer and was characterized by poor growth and diarrhea. Gross lesions were mild in all species. Enlargement of mesenteric lymph nodes was mild to moderate; the wall of the distal small intestine was affected minimally. Focal to diffuse infiltrates of epithelioid macrophages and giant cells occurred in the cortex of mesenteric lymph nodes, around mesenteric lymphatics, and in the intestinal mucosa. Extraintestinal lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and lung were involved in some animals; focal necrosis and mineralization was present in all species but was severe and widespread in the ceervids.

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Pathology of Inhalational Anthrax Infection in the African Green Monkey

Veterinary Pathology ◽

10.1354/vp.44-5-716 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 44 (5) ◽

pp. 716-721 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

N. A. Twenhafel ◽

E. Leffel ◽

M. L. M. Pitt

Keyword(s):

Lymph Nodes ◽

Rhesus Macaques ◽

Current Model ◽

High Dose ◽

Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽

Primate Model ◽

Mesenteric Lymph ◽

Anthrax Infection ◽

Gross Lesions ◽

Ames Strain

There is a critical need for an alternative nonhuman primate model for inhalational anthrax infection because of the increasingly limited supply and cost of the current model. This report describes the pathology in 12 African green monkeys (AGMs) that succumbed to inhalational anthrax after exposure to a low dose (presented dose 200–2 X 104 colony-forming units [cfu]) or a high dose (presented dose 2 X 104–1 X 107 cfu) of Bacillus anthracis (Ames strain) spores. Frequent gross lesions noted in the AGM were hemorrhage and edema in the lung, mediastinum, and mediastinal lymph nodes; pleural and pericardial effusions; meningitis; and gastrointestinal congestion and hemorrhage. Histopathologic findings included necrohemorrhagic lymphadenitis of mediastinal, axillary, inguinal, and mesenteric lymph nodes; mediastinal edema; necrotizing splenitis; meningitis; and congestion, hemorrhage, and edema of the lung, mesentery, mesenteric lymph nodes, gastrointestinal tract, and gonads. Pathologic changes in AGMs were remarkably similar to what has been reported in rhesus macaques and humans that succumbed to inhalational anthrax; thus, AGMs could serve as useful models for inhalation anthrax studies.

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