Effect of period of sugarcane cultivation on the abundance and distribution of weed seeds in the soil profile

An experiment was laid down in a screen house to determine the distribution of weed seeds at different soil depths and periods of cultivation of sugarcane in Ilorin, Nigeria. Soil samples from different depth levels (0-10 cm, 11-20 cm and 21-30 cm) were collected after harvesting of canes from three different land use fields (continuous sugarcane cultivation for > 20 years, continuous sugarcane cultivation for < 10 years after long fallow period and continuous sugarcane cultivation for < 5 years after long fallow period) in November, 2012. One kilogram of the sieved composite soil samples was arranged in the screen house and watered at alternate days. Germinating weed seedlings were identified, counted and then pulled out for the period of 8 months. Land use and soil depth had a highly significant (p £ 0.05) effect on the total number of weeds that emerged from the soil samples. The 010 cm of the soil depth had the highest weed seedlings that emerged. There was an equal weed seed distribution at the 11-20 cm and 21-30 cm depths of the soil. Sugarcane fields which have been continuously cultivated for a long period of time with highly disturbing soil tillage practices tend to have larger seed banks in deeper soil layers (11-20 cm and 21-30 cm) while recently opened fields had significantly larger seed banks at the 0-10 cm soil sampling depth.

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DEGRADASI LAHAN PADA KEBUN CAMPURAN DAN TEGALAN DI KABUPATEN DHARMASRAYA

Jurnal Solum ◽

10.25077/js.4.1.5-9.2007 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 5

Author(s):

Syafrimen Yasin ◽

Gusnidar Gusnidar ◽

Dedy Iskandar

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Imperata Cylindrica ◽

Undisturbed Soil ◽

Fertility Status ◽

Land Use Types ◽

Bulk Volume ◽

Soil Fertility Status

A research conducted in Sungai Rumbai, Dharmasraya Regency and in Soil Laboratory Andalas university was aimed to evaluate soil fertility status on the depth below 0-20 cm from several land use types , especially under Mixed Garden and annual cultivated dryland soil. Soil samples were taken on Ultisol at 0-8% slope (late-waving soil surface). Land use types evaluated were forest, annual cultivated dryland, bush land, rangeland covered by Imperata cylindrica and mixed garden. Composite soil samples for soil chemical analysis were taken on the 0-20 cm soil depth with four replications, and 5 drillings for each replication. Undisturbed soil samples by using sample ring were used to analyze sol bulk volume. The data resulted were compared to the criteria and were statistically tested using Analysis of Variance and then were continued by LSD at 5% level. From the results of analyses could be concluded that land use for mixed garden had the higher Organic Carbon (OC) content and the lower bulk volume (BV) than those for annual cultivated dryland soil.Key Words: Degradasi Lahan, Kebun Campuran, Tegalan

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Vertical distribution of soil nutrients under different land use systems in Bangladesh

Journal of Aridland Agriculture ◽

10.25081/jaa.2020.v6.6438 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 6-12

Author(s):

Tahsina Sharmin Hoque ◽

Shafia Afrin ◽

Israt Jahan ◽

Md. Joinul Abedin Mian ◽

Mohammad Anwar Hossain

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Land Use ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Ph ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Exchangeable K ◽

Land Use Systems

Soil depth can significantly influence the availability of nutrients in soil. An experiment was conducted with seven soil samples from seven land use types to observe the effect of soil depth on soil properties under various land use systems. Soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter, available phosphorus (P), available sulphur (S) and different forms of potassium (K) such as water soluble, exchangeable and non-exchangeable were determined from the soil samples collected from four soil depths (viz. 0-10, 10-20, 20-30 and 30-40 cm). Soil pH varied from 6.30-7.39 irrespective of depths and land uses and it increased with increasing soil depth. Electrical conductivity of the soils ranged from 42-310 µS cm-1 and organic matter status of most of the soils was very low to medium in level. Both EC and organic matter content decreased with the increase of soil depth. Available P concentration showed no specific changing trend with soil depth whereas available S concentration under different land use systems decreased with increasing soil depth. The concentrations of water soluble, exchangeable and non-exchangeable K in soils varied from 12.30-39.60, 20.90-53.16 and 163.30-684.30 mg kg-1, respectively and showed no specific changing pattern with soil depth. Water soluble K content was higher in rice growing fertilizer and manure-treated soil but higher exchangeable and non-exchangeable K contents were observed in banana growing soil. In rice growing soils, nutrient concentration is mostly higher in nitrogen (N), P and K + farm yard manure (FYM) - treated plots compared to rice growing control plots.

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Distribution of Weed Seed Among Soil Structural Units

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500082060 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 182-189 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Mario R. Pareja ◽

David W. Staniforth ◽

Gilda P. Pareja

Keyword(s):

Depth Distribution ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Soil Aggregates ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Soil Aggregate ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Reduced Tillage ◽

Weed Seed ◽

Structural Units ◽

Seed Distribution

The depth distribution of weed seed, their location in relation to soil aggregates, and the size distribution of soil aggregates were determined in fields that had been under continual conventional or reduced tillage for more than 12 years. Soil samples were taken at three depths in the spring and fall of 1982, and soil aggregates were classified into seven size classes by dry, rotary sieving. Subsamples were deflocculated and washed through sieves to recover weed seed. In the spring, 85% of all seed in the reduced-tillage and 28% of those in the conventional-tillage soil were in the 0- to 5-cm-depth layer. Conventional tillage incorporated weed seed uniformly into various soil aggregate classes, whereas with reduced tillage more seed accumulated in the unaggregated fraction of the soil. In the fall, weed seed distribution in relation to soil depth and among soil aggregate classes was similar for both tillage regimes.

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Routine On-farm Soil Tillage Helps Control Asparagus Fly (Plioreocepta Poeciloptera)

Gesunde Pflanzen ◽

10.1007/s10343-021-00609-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alexandra Wichura ◽

Quentin Schorpp ◽

Vera Kühlmann ◽

Martin Hommes

Keyword(s):

Soil Depth ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Asparagus Officinalis ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Physical Measure ◽

Lower Saxony ◽

Emergence Rate ◽

Before And After ◽

On Farm ◽

Previous Autumn

AbstractAsparagus fly (Plioreocepta poeciloptera (Schrank, 1776)) is a serious pest in German asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) production. To evaluate the effects of different routine on-farm soil tillage measures on the number of flies emerging the following spring, asparagus fields in Lower Saxony, Germany, were investigated. Soil samples were taken before and after tillage in autumn 2017 and autumn 2018. Investigations were also conducted in both years on the effect that the soil depth at which asparagus fly pupae were buried had on the emergence of adult flies.This study revealed that the number of emerging flies was not reduced by mulching, but was significantly reduced by subsequent tillage and/or tillage and dam formation. The emergence rate of adult flies was significantly reduced the deeper the pupae had been buried the previous autumn. The effects also depended on the year. The highest mean emergence rate observed was 68% and 45% for pupae buried at a depth of 10 cm and 20 cm, respectively. In conclusion, the key mechanism causing a decrease in asparagus fly population the following spring through routine on-farm tillage could be the burial of pupae when forming dams. Routine on-farm soil tillage can be regarded as a physical measure for controlling asparagus fly and is therefore an essential tool in the integrated pest management of asparagus production.

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Soil Seedbank of Parthenium Weed (Parthenium hysterophorus L.)

10.20944/preprints201807.0056.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

S M R Karim ◽

Maszura Che Mat ◽

Nor Hafizah Md Zain

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Management ◽

Invasive Alien Species ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽

Soil Core ◽

Weed Seeds ◽

Soil Seedbank ◽

Weed Infestation ◽

Parthenium Weed

Weed seedbank is an indication of future weed infestation potential of the species and is essential for making strategic planning for its sustainable management. Parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus L.) is an invasive alien species threatening the biodiversity and the environment in Malaysia. A study was, therefore, conducted to estimate the soil seedbank of the weed at four soil depths of four villages of Kuala Muda, Kedah. The aim was to indicate the critical s of parthenium weed seedbank in Malaysia. Soil samples were collected from the sites using a soil core. The seeds were extracted from the soil samples with sieve shaker at the Universiti Malaysia Kelantan laboratory, Jeli Campus. The study indicates that the weed seedbank is in critical level at the area. The highest number of weed seeds (6915/m2) was found in Kg. Kongsi 6, followed by Kg. Sungai Tok Rawang (4481 seeds/m2). The top layer of soil, 0-5 cm, contained the maximum number of weed seeds (4878 seeds/m2) and a significant number of seeds (316 seeds/m2) were noticed at 10-15 cm soil depth. The study suggests the Malaysian government to take immediate action to control parthenium weed seedbank of the sites.

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Distribution of Various Geochemical Forms of Potassium under Horticulture Land Use System of District Ganderbal

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology ◽

10.9734/cjast/2020/v39i4331135 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

. Khushboo ◽

Mohammad Auyoub Bhat ◽

Mushtaq Ahmad Wani ◽

Shabir Ahmed Bangroo

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Dynamic Equilibrium ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Silty Clay ◽

Surface Layers ◽

Land Use System ◽

Physical And Chemical

Surface (0-20 cm) and sub-surface (20-40 cm) soil samples were collected from five locations under horticulture land use system of District Ganderbal. The distribution of potassium forms (water soluble, available, exchangeable, non-exchangeable, fixed, lattice and total) were investigated. Soil samples were analyzed for different physical and chemical properties and fractions of potassium. The soils were slightly acidic to neutral in reaction and soil texture varied from silty clay loam to silt loam. Irrespective of soil depth sequential order of potassium fractions were TK>LK>FK>NEK>AK>EK>WSK. The trend of decrease in water soluble and exchangeable K was noticed in these soils from surface to sub-surface layers. All forms were in dynamic equilibrium with one another and positively and significantly correlated with Organic carbon, CEC, Silt and clay and negatively to sand.

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Effects of Soil Quality Arising from the Conversion of Intrazonal Grassland in an Agro-Pasturage Ecotone of China

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.3054 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 610-613 ◽

pp. 3054-3062

Author(s):

Chao Chen ◽

Ding Huang ◽

Kun Wang

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Land Use Changes ◽

Ecological Factors ◽

Zinc Content ◽

Northern China ◽

Soil Bulk Density ◽

The Sustainable Development ◽

Tillage Practices ◽

Grassland Conversion

Understanding the effects of land-use changes on soil property is crucial for the sustainable development in an agro-pastoral ecotone of China. Although grassland conversion is an important land-use change in northern China, most studies have focused on zonal grassland areas and the intrazonal grassland areas have been ignored, which is not climatic climax of natural grassland, because it is constrained by terrain, surface water, components of the earth surface and other ecological factors. The present study aims to determine the effects of the conversion of intrazonal grassland into cropland on soil properties in the Bashang area where a typical agro-pastoral ecotone of northern China is found. The results showed that intrazonal grassland conversion and subsequent tillage practices increased soil bulk density and decreased soil porosity, capillary moisture capacity, and soil nutrients content. Available soil zinc content in the study area was at extremely low level, which could not meet the need of crop growing based on the soil trace elements appraisal criteria of China. On the average, the conversion of intrazonal grassland into cropland led soil organic carbon density (SOCD) decreased from 22.49 kg m-2 to 13.24 kg m-2, and soil total nitrogen density (STND) from 2.23 kg m-2 to 1.27 kg m-2; that is, the meadow conversion resulted in a 41-43% reduction of SOCD and STND in 0–60 cm soil depth over about 20 years. To conserve the present status, the further conversion of grassland into cropland should be stopped, and encourage the restoration of cropped area into grassland to combat the soil desertification and degradation in the agro-pasturage ecotone of Northern China.

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Impact of Land Use Types and Soil Depths on the Distribution of Soil Physical and Chemical Properties in Soils of Aboy Gara Watershed, at Gidan District, North Wollo Zone, Ethiopia

Nigerian Journal of Environmental Sciences and Technology - March 2018 ◽

10.36263/nijest.2019.02.0102 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 218-232

Author(s):

T. Y. Gebeyaw

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Surface Layer ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Cultivated Land ◽

Surface Soils ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

The study was conducted at the degraded land soils of the Abuhoy Gara Catchment, which is located in the Gidan District of North Wello Zone, Ethiopia to determine the impact of land use type and soil depth on the distribution of soil physical and chemical properties. Soil samples were collected from representative locations with four replications at two depths, surface (0-15 cm) and subsurface (15-30 cm) of cultivated, grazing and bush land use types. One hundred eighty soil samples were collected from the depths of 0-15 and 15-30 cm each in a radial sampling scheme using an auger. Totally, twelve composite soil samples were collected using flexible grid survey method of 1:30,000 scales. The collected samples were air-dried, homogenized and sieved to pass a 2 mm mesh sieve for the standard physical and chemical analyses. Results showed that the soil physical and chemical properties were significantly affected by the interaction of land uses and soil depths. Silt content decreases while clay content increases across depth from surface to subsurface soils. The lowest pH-H2O was registered at the subsurface soils of the grazing lands, while the highest was recorded at the surface soils of the bush land. The interaction effect of land use by soil depth on the variability of soil organic matter was significantly higher at surface layer of the grazing land and lower at surface layer of cultivated land. Similarly, soil total nitrogen was highest in surface layer of the grazing land, while it was lowest in subsurface layer of the bush land. Exchangeable bases were highest in surface soils of the bush land and lowest in the surface soils of cultivated land. The contents of both exchangeable bases were decreasing with soil depth in all land uses except the bush land. Significant difference in cation exchange capacity contents was observed as highest in surface soil layer of the bush land and lowest in surface soil layer of the cultivated land. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that the interaction of land use with soil depth showed negative effects especially disturbance of soil nutrient status on cultivated land in surface soils. In general, the spatial variability of soil properties indicates the soil conditions were strongly affected by inappropriate land use and soil management practices including soil depth. Therefore, reducing intensity of cultivation, adopting integrated soil fertility management and application of organic fertilizers could maintain the existing soil condition and replenish degraded soil properties.

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Impacts of oak deforestation and rainfed cultivation on soil redistribution processes across hillslopes using 137Cs techniques

Forest Ecosystems ◽

10.1186/s40663-021-00311-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Shamsollah Ayoubi ◽

Nafiseh Sadeghi ◽

Farideh Abbaszadeh Afshar ◽

Mohammad Reza Abdi ◽

Mojtaba Zeraatpisheh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Magnetic Susceptibility ◽

Soil Erosion ◽

Erosion Rate ◽

Land Use Changes ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Natural Forest ◽

Oak Forests ◽

Erosion Rates ◽

Rainfed Farming

Abstract Background As one of the main components of land-use change, deforestation is considered the greatest threat to global environmental diversity with possible irreversible environmental consequences. Specifically, one example could be the impacts of land-use changes from oak forests into agricultural ecosystems, which may have detrimental impacts on soil mobilization across hillslopes. However, to date, scarce studies are assessing these impacts at different slope positions and soil depths, shedding light on key geomorphological processes. Methods In this research, the Caesium-137 (137Cs) technique was applied to evaluate soil redistribution and soil erosion rates due to the effects of these above-mentioned land-use changes. To achieve this goal, we select a representative area in the Lordegan district, central Iran. 137Cs depth distribution profiles were established in four different hillslope positions after converting natural oak forests to rainfed farming. In each hillslope, soil samples from three depths (0–10, 10–20, and 20–50 cm) and in four different slope positions (summit, shoulder, backslope, and footslope) were taken in three transects of about 20 m away from each other. The activity of 137Cs was determined in all the soil samples (72 soil samples) by a gamma spectrometer. In addition, some physicochemical properties and the magnetic susceptibility (MS) of soil samples were measured. Results Erosion rates reached 51.1 t·ha− 1·yr− 1 in rainfed farming, whereas in the natural forest, the erosion rate was 9.3 t·ha− 1·yr− 1. Magnetic susceptibility was considerably lower in the cultivated land (χhf = 43.5 × 10− 8 m3·kg− 1) than in the natural forest (χhf = 55.1 × 10− 8 m3·kg− 1). The lower soil erosion rate in the natural forest land indicated significantly higher MS in all landform positions except at the summit one, compared to that in the rainfed farming land. The shoulder and summit positions were the most erodible hillslope positions in the natural forest and rainfed farming, respectively. Conclusions We concluded that land-use change and hillslope positions played a key role in eroding the surface soils in this area. Moreover, land management can influence soil erosion intensity and may both mitigate and amplify soil loss.

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