Routine On-farm Soil Tillage Helps Control Asparagus Fly (Plioreocepta Poeciloptera)

Asparagus fly (Plioreocepta poeciloptera (Schrank, 1776)) is a serious pest in German asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) production. To evaluate the effects of different routine on-farm soil tillage measures on the number of flies emerging the following spring, asparagus fields in Lower Saxony, Germany, were investigated. Soil samples were taken before and after tillage in autumn 2017 and autumn 2018. Investigations were also conducted in both years on the effect that the soil depth at which asparagus fly pupae were buried had on the emergence of adult flies.This study revealed that the number of emerging flies was not reduced by mulching, but was significantly reduced by subsequent tillage and/or tillage and dam formation. The emergence rate of adult flies was significantly reduced the deeper the pupae had been buried the previous autumn. The effects also depended on the year. The highest mean emergence rate observed was 68% and 45% for pupae buried at a depth of 10 cm and 20 cm, respectively. In conclusion, the key mechanism causing a decrease in asparagus fly population the following spring through routine on-farm tillage could be the burial of pupae when forming dams. Routine on-farm soil tillage can be regarded as a physical measure for controlling asparagus fly and is therefore an essential tool in the integrated pest management of asparagus production.

Physical Measurement Analysis in Pre-Utility Covid-19 Isolation Room: A Case Study Universitas Mataram Teaching Hospital

Background: Negative pressure room is recommended for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Aim this study to describe physical measurement analysis of isolation room Universitas Mataram Teaching Hospital. Methods: Newly developed negative pressure isolation room was physical measure using following instruments: anemometer, moisture meter, hygrometer and pressure gauge. Results: This study showed physical measurement as follow: 1) ACH (air change per hour) 23.3 / hour [minimum: 12+ ACH]; 2) the difference in pressure gradient between the inpatient room and anteroom -30 Pa [minimum -15 Pa]; 3) the mean of air temperature 24.8°C [21-24]; 4) air humidity 58% [maximum 65%] and 5) concrete moisture 22.45%. Conclusion: The COVID-19 isolation room at the Universitas Mataram Teaching Hospital meets the standard criteria.

Pricing Product Options and Using Them to Complete Markets for Functions of Two Underlying Asset Prices

Options paying the product of put and/or call option payouts at different strikes on two underlying assets are observed to synthesize joint densities and replicate differentiable functions of two underlying asset prices. The pricing of such options is undertaken from three perspectives. The first perspective uses a geometric two-dimensional Brownian motion model. The second inverts two-dimensional characteristic functions. The third uses a bootstrapped physical measure to propose a risk charge minimizing hedge using options on the two underlying assets. The options are priced at the cost of the hedge plus the risk charge.

Physical invariant measures and tipping probabilities for chaotic attractors of asymptotically autonomous systems

Physical measures are invariant measures that characterise “typical” behaviour of trajectories started in the basin of chaotic attractors for autonomous dynamical systems. In this paper, we make some steps towards extending this notion to more general nonautonomous (time-dependent) dynamical systems. There are barriers to doing this in general in a physically meaningful way, but for systems that have autonomous limits, one can define a physical measure in relation to the physical measure in the past limit. We use this to understand cases where rate-dependent tipping between chaotic attractors can be quantified in terms of “tipping probabilities”. We demonstrate this for two examples of perturbed systems with multiple attractors undergoing a parameter shift. The first is a double-scroll system of Chua et al., and the second is a Stommel model forced by Lorenz chaos.

Direct evidence for crossover and chromatid interference in meiosis of two plant hybrids (Lolium multiflorum×Festuca pratensis and Allium cepa×A. roylei)

Crossing over, in addition to its strictly genetic role, also performs a critical mechanical function, by bonding homologues in meiosis. Hence, it is responsible for an orderly reduction of the chromosome number. As such, it is strictly controlled in frequency and distribution. The well-known crossover control is positive crossover interference which reduces the probability of a crossover in the vicinity of an already formed crossover. A poorly studied aspect of the control is chromatid interference. Such analyses are possible in very few organisms as they require observation of all four products of a single meiosis. Here, we provide direct evidence of chromatid interference. Using in situ probing in two interspecific plant hybrids (Lolium multiflorum×Festuca pratensis and Allium cepa×A. roylei) during anaphase I, we demonstrate that the involvement of four chromatids in double crossovers is significantly more frequent than expected (64% versus 25%). We also provide a physical measure of the crossover interference distance, covering ~30–40% of the relative chromosome arm length, and show that the centromere acts as a barrier for crossover interference. The two arms of a chromosome appear to act as independent units in the process of crossing over. Chromatid interference has to be seriously addressed in genetic mapping approaches and further studies.

Examining the Feasibility of the Sturm–Liouville Theory for Ross Recovery

Recent studies have suggested that it is feasible to recover a physical measure from a risk-neutral measure. Given a market state variable modeled as a Markov process, the key concept is to extract a unique positive eigenfunction of the generator of the Markov process. In this work, the feasibility of this recovery theory is examined. We prove that, under a restrictive integrability condition, recovery is feasible if and only if both endpoints of the state variable are limit-point. Several examples with explicit positive eigenfunctions are considered. However, in general, a physical measure cannot be recovered from a risk-neutral measure. We provide a financial and mathematical rationale for such recovery failure.

Extremes for high dimensional chaotic systems

<p>Extremes are related to high impact and serious hazard events and hence their study and prediction have been and continue to be highly relevant for all kind of applications in geoscience and beyond. Extreme value theory is promising to be able to predict them reliably and robustly. In the last fifteen years the classical extreme value theory for stochastic processes has been extended to dynamical systems and has been related to properties of physical measure (statistical properties of the system), return and hitting times. We will review what one can say for highly dimensional perfectly chaotic systems.  We will concentrate on relations between the index of the extreme distribution and invariants of the underlying dynamical system which are stable, in the sense that they will continuously depend on changing parameters in the dynamics.  Furthermore, we explore whether there exists a response theory for extremes, that is, whether the change of extremes can be quantitatilvely expressed  in terms of changing parameters. </p><p> </p>

Prediction of Primary Physical Measures for Cost-Effective Management of Artificial Seaweed Reefs

Seaweed plays a central role in supporting good habitats and spawning grounds for a number of fisheries resources. Artificial seaweed reefs (ASRs) should provide firm, stable substrates for seaweed. Hence, it is desirable to propose a physical measure of seaweed spore settlement, which can be characterized by the surface area of an ASR and its wake region characteristics. In this study, a so-called seaweed spore settlement contributor was proposed, 34 ASRs were characterized by their primary physical measures (contributors and wake volumes) and secondary measure (efficiency indices), and linear regression equations were obtained to predict the primary measures. It is found that the average values of the primary measures are 61.96 m2 (contributor) and 4.79 m3 (wake volume), and reef structures provoking the water flow blocking mechanism are critical to these parameters. The results also demonstrated that the effect of the seabed slope on the primary measures should be considered for reefs having a narrow top and wide bottom. We found that it is desirable to predict the primary physical measures for preinstallation and cost-effective management of ASRs.

Examining the Utility of a Novel Neurologic Test in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Pilot Study

Purpose: To test the association between participant King-Devick Test (KDT) times and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity and evaluate for improvement after continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment. Methods: Study dates January 30 to July 31, 2018. Patients were referred for initial evaluation of sleep disordered breathing concerns. OSA severities were defined by Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI) results, with ≥15 considered at least moderate OSA. The KDT is an objective physical measure of brain function. We estimated correlation between KDT time and AHI and compared mean KDT time between patients with and without moderate OSA. For the OSA subgroup, we evaluated for potential improvement in KDT after CPAP. Results: We enrolled 60 participants, of whom 35 (58.3%) had OSA with an AHI ≥15. Initial analyses noted no significant KDT time differences between patients based on OSA severity. However, after excluding 3 participants who had baseline neurologic illness, adjusted analyses demonstrated that mean KDT time was significantly prolonged for patients with moderate or greater OSA (AHI ≥15) as compared to those with mild or no sleep apnea (AHI <15); 63.4 seconds (95% CI 58.9-67.8) versus 55.7 seconds (95% CI 50.2-61.1), P = .03. CPAP-treated subjects demonstrated significantly improved KDT test times; 63.5 seconds mean pretreatment versus 55.6 posttreatment; −6.6 seconds mean difference, 95%CI (−12.0, −1.13), P = .02. Conclusion: Neurologic abnormalities in patients with OSA are potentially demonstrable utilizing this objective physical measure. Significant improvement is achieved in patients after CPAP treatment.