scholarly journals Evaluation of Antifungal Potential of Leaf Extract of Chenopodium murale Against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.F. NAQVI ◽  
A. JAVAID ◽  
M.Z. QURESHI
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Dioctyl Phthalate ◽  
Chenopodium Murale ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Antifungal Potential ◽  
Ethylhexyl Phthalate ◽  
Problematic Soil

ABSTRACT: The present study was performed to evaluate antifungal activity and GC-MS analysis of leaf extract of Chenopodium mural against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL), a highly problematic soil-borne pathogen of tomato. Dried leaves of C. murale were extracted with methanol for 2 weeks and after evaporating the solvent on a rotary evaporator, antifungal bioassay was carried out against FOL. All concentrations (1 to 5%) significantly reduced FOL biomass by 14-45%. The remaining methanolic extract was fractioned with n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate and all these fractions were assayed for their antifungal potential. A 200 mg mL-1 concentration of various sub-fractions reduced fungal biomass significantly by 94-98% over control. All the sub-fractions were subjected to GC-MS analysis that revealed presence of 32 compounds in n-hexane, 2 compounds in chloroform and 13 compounds in ethyl acetate sub-fraction. The predominant compounds in n-hexane sub-fraction were hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (14.64%), methyl linolenate (16.61%) and g-sitosterol (13.53%). In chloroform sub-fraction, bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (92.31% and in ethyl-acetate sub-fraction, ethyl butyrate (19.57%), dihexyl phthalate (11.19%) and dioctyl phthalate (12.16%) were present in higher concentration.

scholarly journals Bioactive Constituents of Shoot Extracts of Sisymbrium irio L. Against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. AKHTAR ◽  
A. JAVAID ◽  
M.Z. QURESHI
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Benzenedicarboxylic Acid ◽  
Antifungal Potential ◽  
Sisymbrium Irio

ABSTRACT: The present study was carried out to check the antifungal potential of Sisymbrium irio L. shoot extract against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae (FOC). In preliminary bioassays, different concentrations (1 to 5%) of leaf, stem and fruit extracts were evaluated against FOC. All the extracts were effective against the pathogen. However, the leaf extract was found the most effective causing 25-41% decrease in FOC biomass. The fractionation of methanolic leaf extract was done by two organic solvents namely n-hexane and chloroform. Different concentrations (1.56 to 200 mg mL-1) of these fractions were tested against FOC. The n-hexane and chloroform fractions showed inhibitory activity against the pathogen and resulted in 77-93% and 80-96% reduction in biomass of FOC, respectively. GC-MS analysis showed the presence of 24 compounds in n-hexane and 4 compounds in chloroform fraction. In n-hexane fraction, β-sitosterol (18.64%) was the most abundant compound followed by orotic acid, bis(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-, tert-butyldimethylsilyl ester (12.18%), 10-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester (7.90%) and 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, diisooctyl ester (6.05%). Major compounds identified in chloroform fraction were 1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester (50.82%) and di-n-octyl phthalate (33.00%). This study concludes that n-hexane and chloroform fractions of methanolic leaf extract of S. irio contain potent antifungal constituents for the management of FOC.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Penicillium expansum Isolated from Grapes and its Management by Leaf Extract of Chenopodium murale

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. ACCEPTED
Author(s):  
Iqra Haider Khan ◽  
Arshad Javaid ◽  
Syeda Fakehha Naqvi
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Blue Mold ◽  
Chenopodium Murale

Penicillium expansum Link causes an economically important postharvest blue mold disease in a number of fruits and vegetables. In the present study, this fungus was isolated from rotted grapes and identified on morphological basis. Identification of the pathogen was further confirmed on molecular basis by using four different primer pairs namely ITS, β-tubulin, CMD and CF under accession numbers MN752155, MN787831, MN787832 and MN787833, respectively. Leaf extract of Chenopodium murale was assessed for its potential to control in vitro growth of P. expansum. For this purpose, leaves were extracted in methanol and after evaporation of the solvent, the resulting extract was successively partitioned with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol followed by antifungal bioassays with different concentrations (1.562 to 200 mg mL-1) each organic solvent fraction. Although all the fractions variably controlled the fungal pathogen, however, n-butanol fraction showed the highest antifungal activity causing 45–86% reduction in biomass of the pathogen. Ethyl acetate fraction was also highly antifungal and reduced fungal biomass by 44–81%. Chloroform and n-hexane fractions were comparatively less effective and reduced biomass of P. expansum by 30–72% and 11–44%, respectively. This study concludes that ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions are highly antifungal in nature against P. expansum.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Potential of Crude Methanol Leaf extract and Fraction of Mallotus oppositifolius

2021 ◽  
pp. 168-184
Author(s):  
Ifeanyi Peter Onyeka ◽  
Felix Ahamefule Onyegbule ◽  
Christopher Obodike Ezugwu ◽  
Chibueze Jeremiah Ike ◽  
Chidalu B. Ikeotuonye
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Acid Methyl

Mallotus oppositifolius (Geiseler) Mull. Arg.  (Euphorbiaceae) is a predominant edible shrub in Nigeria. It is locally used for treatment of common infections and wounds. This study evaluated the toxicity and antioxidant potential of the crude extract and fractions of M. oppositifolius using invitro 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazine (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. The result showed abundance of flavonoids (28.21), tannins (17.72), alkaloids (7.79) and Saponins (0.23) in the crude extract of M. oppositifolius leaf extract. Also, the result showed that the LD50 is above 5000 mg/kg, therefore the crude extract is safe for consumption. The result further showed that the ethyl-acetate and butanol had significant (p<0.05) antioxidant activity when compared with the control at 125, 62.5 and 31.125 µg/ml respectively while at 250 and 500 µg/ml there was no significant different in the level of reduction of oxidation between the butanol and ethyl acetate when compared with the control. The result further showed that the butanol and ethyl-acetate fraction of M. oppositifolius had the best antioxidant potential among the fractions studied. The result of GCMS studies of ethyl-acetate fraction showed the presence of 7,10,13-eicosatrienoic acid methyl ester, korormicin, agosterol, phyllanthin, ricinoic acid, 2,4,6-decatrienoic acid 1a,2,5,5a,6,9,10,10a-octahydro-5,5a-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)-1,1,7,9, limonin, com-pounds that have shown to possess strong antioxidant activities. Also, the GCMS result of butanol fraction showed the presence of seven compounds which include: ferulylhistamine, hippeastrine, 10,13-eicosadienoic acid methyl ester, ethyl 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoate, 6-hydroxy-powelline-N-nitroso-7-demethoxy-aldehyde, 6,7-epoxypregn-4-ene-9,11,18-triol-3,20-dione 11,18-diacetate and 5Alpha-androstane-3,17-dione 17-monooxime,  compounds which may serve as a new lead for the treatment of diseases associated with the oxidative stress.

ETHYL ACETATE EXTRACT OF Chenopodium murale ROOT, A SOURCE OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
Arshad Javaid ◽  
Syeda Fakehha Naqvi ◽  
Iqra Haider Khan
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Methyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Dioctyl Phthalate ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Chenopodium Murale

Chenopodium murale L. is a winter weed of Chenopodiaceae. In this study, bioactive compounds present in ethyl acetate fraction of root extract of C. murale were identified. The weed plants were collected from Jehlem, Pakistan. Its roots were dried, powdered and extracted in methanol. After evaporation of the solvent, the remaining extract was mixed in water and partitioned with n-hexane, chloroform and finally with ethyl acetate. The last fraction was analyzed through GC-MS that indicated the presence of 15 compounds. These included the three major compounds namely o-xylene (15.03%), cyclopentanol (13.42) and 2-hexanol (13.99%). The moderately and less abundant compounds were ethylbenzene (5.47); methyl acetate (6.00%); cholestrol (4.33%); 2-phenanthrenol (3.01%); cyclohexanone (5.32%); p-xylene (5.12%); furostan-3,26-diyl dibenzoate (3.29%); dihexyl phthalate (4.99%); tricosanoic acid (2.74%); dioctyl phthalate (4.99%), hexanal (3.05%) and ergostane (1.29%). Literature survey showed that 10 of the identified compounds exhibited various biological activities including antifungal, antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer and antipsoriatic. Most of the compounds were antimicrobial in nature.

scholarly journals In Vitro Pharmacological Activities and GC-MS Analysis of Different Solvent Extracts ofLantana camaraLeaves Collected from Tropical Region of Malaysia

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mallappa Kumara Swamy ◽  
Uma Rani Sinniah ◽  
Mohd. Sayeed Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Ms Analysis

We investigated the effect of different solvents (ethyl acetate, methanol, acetone, and chloroform) on the extraction of phytoconstituents fromLantana camaraleaves and their antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Further, GC-MS analysis was carried out to identify the bioactive chemical constituents occurring in the active extract. The results revealed the presence of various phytocompounds in the extracts. The methanol solvent recovered higher extractable compounds (14.4% of yield) and contained the highest phenolic (92.8 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (26.5 mg RE/g) content. DPPH radical scavenging assay showed the IC50value of 165, 200, 245, and 440 μg/mL for methanol, ethyl acetate, acetone, and chloroform extracts, respectively. The hydroxyl scavenging activity test showed the IC50value of 110, 240, 300, and 510 μg/mL for methanol, ethyl acetate, acetone, and chloroform extracts, respectively. Gram negative bacterial pathogens (E. coliandK. pneumoniae) were more susceptible to all extracts compared to Gram positive bacteria (M. luteus,B. subtilis, andS. aureus). Methanol extract had the highest inhibition activity against all the tested microbes. Moreover, methanolic extract ofL. camaracontained 32 bioactive components as revealed by GC-MS study. The identified major compounds included hexadecanoic acid (5.197%), phytol (4.528%), caryophyllene oxide (4.605%), and 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, methyl ester, (Z,Z,Z)- (3.751%).

scholarly journals LCMS/MS analysis and evaluation of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of the polyphenol fraction of Litsea quinqueflora (Dennst.) Suresh

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumin Mary Jose ◽  
M Anilkumar
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The main aim of the work was to scientifically prove the anti-inflammatory property of the polyphenol-rich fraction of hydro-alcoholic leaf extract of Litsea quinqueflora (Dennst.) Suresh by protein denaturation and free radical scavenging activity. The polyphenol-rich fraction of hydro-alcoholic leaf extract was obtained via acid-alkali hydrolysis, followed by fractionation with chloroform and ethyl acetate. HPTLC profiling of the finally obtained ethyl acetate fraction and consequent derivatisation with aluminium chloride revealed the presence of flavonoids in a more purified form. LCMS/MS analysis tentatively identified the presence of bioactive polyphenolic compounds such as gallocatechin, sinapic acid, pinocembrin, paeonol and umbelliferone in the separated fraction. The polyphenol-rich fraction of hydro-alcoholic extract of leaves showed anti-denaturing activity in heat-induced bovine serum albumin denaturation with an IC50 value of 23.59 µg/ml and was statistically significant at 0.1% level. The antioxidant property of the polyphenol-rich fraction determined by its free radical scavenging ability against DPPH and ABTS showed IC50 values 122.98 and 135.44 µg/ml respectively and was also statistically significant at 0.1% level. Hence, the traditional use of Litsea quinqueflora as an anti-inflammatory agent can be attributed to the presence of polyphenols.

scholarly journals Characterization of Chemical Composition of Bryophyllum pinnatum Leaf Ethyl Acetate Fraction

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
E. S. Asiwe ◽  
C. U. Igwe ◽  
V. A. Onwuliri ◽  
K. M. E. Iheanacho ◽  
J. N. Iheanacho
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Bryophyllum Pinnatum

Aims: To characterize the chemical composition of Bryophyllum pinnatum leaf ethyl acetate fraction. Methodology: Quantitative phytochemical composition was assessed using gas chromatography fitted with flame ionization detector (GC-FID), while chemical characterization was via gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS) analysis. The mass spectra peaks were matched with those found in the National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST) spectral database. Results: Results revealed a rich presence of proanthocyanin, rutin, quinine, flavan-3-ol, anthocyanin, lunamarin, sapogenin, phenol, flavonones, steroids, epicatechin, kaempferol, phytate, oxalate, resveratol, catechin, flavones, tannin, ribalinidine, naringin, and spartein in varying proportion in B. pinnatum leaves ethylacetate fractions. GC-MS analysis of the fractions revealed the presence of at least 50 constituents. The major constituents were Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (24.88%), 10,13-Octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester (29.69%), Tetracosanoic acid, methyl ester (7.84%), Methyl stearate (6.97%), cis-Methyl 11-eicosenoate (6.26%), Methyl 18-methylnonadecanoate (4.99%), Docosanoic acid, methyl ester (3.71%) and  4,7-Methano-1H-indene, octahydro- (2.43%). Conclusion: This rich array of chemical compounds presents B. pinnatum leaves as an important source of potential lead compounds with biological and pharmacological benefits and hence a potential candidate for drug discovery.

scholarly journals Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis of ethyl acetate root bark extract of Strychnos innocua (Delile)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamisu Ibrahim ◽  
Ahmed Jibrin Uttu ◽  
Muhammad Sani Sallau ◽  
Ogunkemi Risikat Agbeke Iyun
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Dimethyl Ester ◽  
Ethyl Oleate ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Acid Ethyl Ester ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Ms Analysis

Abstract Background Majority of phytochemicals have been known to bear valuable therapeutic activities such as insecticidal, antibacterial, antifungal, anticonstipative, spasmolytic, antiplasmodial and antioxidant activities. Strychnos innocua is straight-stemmed tree belonging to the family Loganiaceae and can grow up to 18 m tall. The plant is used for various pharmacological purposes. The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition of the ethyl acetate extract of root bark of S. innocua using GC–MS analysis. The root bark was collected, air-dried and then crushed to powder. Standard extraction method (maceration) was used to obtain the ethyl acetate extract. The GC–MS was carried out on the extract using GC 7890B, MSD 5977A, Agilent Tech. Results Thirty-seven compounds were identified among which dibutyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate showed the highest peak area (31.03%) and monomethyl pimelate showed the lowest peak area (0.39%). The major compounds identified were cyclooctane (methoxymethoxy), 2,4-dimethylheptanedioic acid dimethyl ester, azelaic acid, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-methylpropyl) ester, dibutyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate, butyl 8-methylnonyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate, 9,15-octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester, cis-vaccenic acid, linoleic acid ethyl ester and ethyl oleate. Conclusions In conclusion, these phytoconstituents might be responsible for the medicinal efficacy of the root bark of S. innocua and can be used as a source therapeutic drug.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Aerial Parts of Cenchrus pennisetiformis Against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. KHURSHID ◽  
A. JAVAID ◽  
A. SHOAIB ◽  
S. JAVED ◽  
U. QAISAR
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Acid Ethyl Ester ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Antifungal Potential ◽  
Stem Extract

ABSTRACT: Antifungal potential of aerial parts of an allelopathic grass Cenchrus pennisetiformis (Hochst. & Steud.) Wipff. was evaluated against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici Snyder & Hansen, a fungal pathogen causing wilt disease in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Different concentrations (1% to 6%) of methanolic leaf, stem and inflorescence extract of the grass significantly reduced fungal biomass by 40-88%, 13-89%, and 26-76%, respectively. Methanolic shoot (leaf + stem) extract was fractionated using four organic solvents viz. n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. All the sub-fractions of methanolic shoot extract showed remarkable antifungal potential to variable extents. Different concentrations (1.56-200 mg mL-1) of ethyl acetate sub-fraction exhibited the best antifungal activity resulting in 49-100% suppression in the fungal biomass. GC-MS analysis of ethyl acetate sub-fraction showed the presence of 10 compounds. Phenol, 2,4-bis{1,1-dimethlethyl}- was the major compound (30.99%) followed by hexadecanoic acid, ethyl-ester (21.72%), benzofuran 2,3-dihydro (10.65%), 1-propanol-2-2-hydroxypropxy (10.60%) and 1-eicosene (8.32%).

scholarly journals GC-MS analysis of bioactive compounds in ethanolic leaf extract of Hellenia speciosa (J.Koenig) S.R.Dutta

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramya Raveendran
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
The Family ◽  
Intestinal Worms ◽  
Phytochemical Components ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

Abstract Hellenia speciosa (J.Koenig) S.R.Dutta, is a plant species belonging to the family Costaceae. It is widely distributed in China, India, Malaysia, Indonesia, tropical and subtropical Asia. In Ayurveda, the rhizome of the plant has been extensively used to treat fever, rash, asthma, bronchitis and, intestinal worms. The objective of the present study was to investigate the phytochemical constituents of the leaf of Hellenia speciosa using Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectroscopy analysis (GC-MS). The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 17 phytochemical components in the ethanolic leaf extract of Hellenia speciosa. The prevailing bioactive compounds present in Hellenia speciosa were Thymol (RT-10.019;3.59%), Caryophyllene (RT-11.854:0.62%), Caryophyllene oxide (RT-13.919;1.34%), Artumerone (RT-14.795;1.35%), Hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (RT-17.536; 2.77%), 9,12-Octadecanoic acid methyl ester (RT-19.163;1.35%), Squalene (RT- 24.980;1.19%), Piperine (RT-25.745;3.11%), Beta Tocopherol (RT-26.681;2.88%) Vitamin E (RT- 27.290;2.64%), Progesterone (RT-29.608;3.18%), Caparratriene (RT-29.861;9.72%), and Testosterone (RT-30.73;5.81%). The compounds were identified by comparing their retention time and peak area with that of the literature and by interpretation of mass spectra. The results and findings of the present study suggest that the plant can be used as a valuable source in the field of herbal drug discovery. The presence of bioactive compounds justifies the use of plant leaves for treating various diseases with fewer side effects and recommended the plant of pharmaceutical importance. However, further studies are needed to undertake its bioactivity and toxicity profile.

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