Nest and egg description of threatened Herpsilochmus spp. from coastal forest habitats in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil (Aves: Thamnophilidae)

We provide description of eggs and nest structure for two Brazilian antwrens, including the IUCN "vulnerable" species, H. pectoralis Sclater, 1857, and the BirdLife International "near-threatened", H. sellowi Whitney & Pacheco, 2000. Our observations derive from a larger study on Herpsilochmus Cabanis, 1847 distribution in coastal forest fragments in the northern range limit of the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest. Both species nested in relatively open forest. The nest of H. sellowi was built with fungal hyphae, a trait common among some birds. Both eggs were moderately beige with brown spots. Most of the information on Brazilian antwren nesting comes from species that do not occur in the Atlantic rainforest. This is the first account for nest behavior for Atlantic rainforest antwrens.

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Simulation of pattern of gene flow in Canjerana fragments in the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest for evaluating genetic conservation strategies

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20180764 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 49 (8) ◽

Author(s):

Caetano Miguel Lemos Serrote ◽

Lia Rejane Silveira Reiniger ◽

Leonardo Severo da Costa ◽

Charlene Moro Stefanel ◽

Karol Buuron da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Flow ◽

Isolation By Distance ◽

Atlantic Rainforest ◽

Conservation Strategies ◽

Forest Fragments ◽

Isolated Populations ◽

Migration Rates ◽

Distance Model ◽

Priority Populations ◽

Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest

ABSTRACT: Gene flow is important for the conservation of genetic resources to allow connectivity of geographically isolated populations and which genetic variability is reduced. Gene movement is a function of flow rate and model. Understanding how gene flow occurs can contribute to the conservation and selection of priority populations that could benefit from an eventual intervention. Simulation softwares allow making inferences about past events based on current datasets or predict future phenomena under real genetic scenarios. Adverse phenomena can be predicted and actions can be taken to avoid them. The aim of this study was to identify a model and the gene flow rates that could explain genetic structure of eight forest fragments of Cabralea canjerana in development in the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest. To do this, simulations were performed with the EASYPOP software using a microsatellite marker dataset obtained for the species by Melo and collaborators, in 2012, 2014 and 2016. We tested five models and nine migration rates and we selected the model that produced values closer to those previously obtained for them. Criteria used for selection were the observed and expected heterozygosity and the Wright’s F Statistics obtained in the simulations. The gene flow model selected was the isolation by distance model that used a rate of 0.1. We observed high levels of genetic differentiation among the fragments as result of their reproductive isolation. To allow homogenization of the allelic frequencies through gene flow, the solution would be to create ecological corridors with the aim of connecting distant fragments.

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Prescribed Fire Increases Seedling Recruitment in a Natural Pitch Pine (Pinus rigida) Population at its Northern Range Limit

Natural Areas Journal ◽

10.3375/043.039.0303 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 308

Author(s):

Joshua Frans Van Wieren ◽

Andrew M. Simons

Keyword(s):

Prescribed Fire ◽

Seedling Recruitment ◽

Range Limit ◽

Pinus Rigida ◽

Pitch Pine ◽

Northern Range Limit

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Green Turtles Nesting at Their Northern Range Limit in the United States Represent a Distinct Subpopulation

Chelonian Conservation and Biology ◽

10.2744/ccb-1332.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 314 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Brian M. Shamblin ◽

Matthew H. Godfrey ◽

S. Michelle Pate ◽

William P. Thompson ◽

Hope Sutton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

The United States ◽

Range Limit ◽

Green Turtles ◽

Distinct Subpopulation ◽

Northern Range Limit

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Influence of dust deposition and climate on the radial growth of Tsuga canadensis near its northern range limit

European Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1007/s10342-015-0917-8 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 135 (1) ◽

pp. 69-76 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Emad A. Farahat ◽

Hans W. Linderholm ◽

Martin J. Lechowicz

Keyword(s):

Radial Growth ◽

Tsuga Canadensis ◽

Range Limit ◽

Dust Deposition ◽

Northern Range Limit

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Breeding behaviour of ectotherms at high latitudes: the case of the natterjack toad Epidalea calamita at its northern range limit

Behaviour ◽

10.1163/1568539x-bja10134 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-20

Author(s):

Linda Saare ◽

Riinu Rannap

Keyword(s):

Climatic Conditions ◽

Energetic Cost ◽

Breeding Period ◽

High Latitudes ◽

Range Limit ◽

Photo Identification ◽

Breeding Behaviour ◽

Risk Of Predation ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Northern Range Limit

Abstract We explored the breeding behaviour of a threatened amphibian, the natterjack toad, at its northern range limit in Estonia, to determine the extent to which reproduction is affected by harsh and unstable climatic conditions. Using photo identification of specimens, we found that in optimal weather conditions males formed three breeding cohorts, while in adverse conditions only a single cohort occurred and under extreme conditions reproduction was skipped entirely. During the extended breeding season, larger males participated in reproduction throughout the breeding period, while smaller males appeared in later cohorts. Breeding success was related to the calling effort of a male, where larger males had greater mating success than smaller ones. We found that the natterjack toad males exhibit significant plasticity in reproductive behaviour at the northern range limit, which, given the energetic cost of reproduction and the increased risk of predation, allows them to increase their fitness at high latitudes.

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Frontier mutualism: coevolutionary patterns at the northern range limit of the leaf-cutter ant–fungus symbiosis

Proceedings of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.2011.0125 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 278 (1721) ◽

pp. 3050-3059 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Ulrich G. Mueller ◽

Alexander S. Mikheyev ◽

Scott E. Solomon ◽

Michael Cooper

Keyword(s):

Range Limits ◽

Peripheral Populations ◽

Range Limit ◽

Long Distance ◽

Dispersal Barrier ◽

The Andes ◽

Genetic Patterns ◽

Northern Range Limit ◽

Traditional Assumption ◽

Ant Fungus

Tropical leaf-cutter ants cultivate the fungus Attamyces bromatificus in a many-to-one, diffuse coevolutionary relationship where ant and fungal partners re-associate frequently over time. To evaluate whether ant– Attamyces coevolution is more specific (tighter) in peripheral populations, we characterized the host-specificities of Attamyces genotypes at their northern, subtropical range limits (southern USA, Mexico and Cuba). Population-genetic patterns of northern Attamyces reveal features that have so far not been observed in the diffusely coevolving, tropical ant– Attamyces associations. These unique features include (i) cases of one-to-one ant– Attamyces specialization that tighten coevolution at the northern frontier; (ii) distributions of genetically identical Attamyces clones over large areas (up to 81 000 km 2 , approx. the area of Ireland, Austria or Panama); (iii) admixture rates between Attamyces lineages that appear lower in northern than in tropical populations; and (iv) long-distance gene flow of Attamyces across a dispersal barrier for leaf-cutter ants (ocean between mainland North America and Cuba). The latter suggests that Attamyces fungi may occasionally disperse independently of the ants, contrary to the traditional assumption that Attamyces fungi depend entirely on leaf-cutter queens for dispersal. Peripheral populations in Argentina or at mid-elevation sites in the Andes may reveal additional regional variants in ant– Attamyces coevolution. Studies of such populations are most likely to inform models of coextinctions of obligate mutualistic partners that are doubly stressed by habitat marginality and by environmental change.

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Recover and They’ll Come: Flower Visiting Bees Benefit from the Continuous of Micro-Environments Set by Regenerating Forest Fragments

Sociobiology ◽

10.13102/sociobiology.v68i1.5861 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 68 (1) ◽

pp. 5861

Author(s):

Ana Isabel Sobreiro ◽

Lucas Lopes da Silveira Peres ◽

Jessica Amaral Henrique ◽

Rosilda Mara Mussury ◽

Valter Vieira Alves-Junior

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Agricultural Activity ◽

Forest Fragments ◽

Forest Types ◽

Continuous Forest ◽

Flower Visiting ◽

Bee Communities ◽

Forest Habitats

Forest habitats are important sources of food and nesting resources for pollinators, primarily in urban areas and landscapes with intense agricultural activity. The forest fragmentation and environmental changes occurring in these green refuges are known to impose survival challenges to pollinating bees, leading to species loss. However, it is not well known how the species of bees that visit flowers are distributed in forest micro-environments. To fill this gap, we sampled flower visiting bees in a continuous forest matrix with micro-environments of two forest types (mature and regenerating forest). We examined how the local environmental changes and climatic conditions affect the composition and uniformity of bee communities in the different micro-environments. Our results indicated that both abundance and richness were similar between forest types studied here, however climatic conditions and plant flowering patterns affect the composition of bees. Thus, our results demonstrated that the continuous micro-environments can favor floral visits and the reintegration of bee communities, and still, that this strategy can be used to minimize the impacts of environmental changes at local scales.

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