scholarly journals TSST-1, enterotoxin and bacteriocin-like substance production by Staphylococcus aureus isolated from foods

2013 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 1537-1544 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. Carvalho ◽  
L.S. Carmo ◽  
E.F. Abreu ◽  
R.S. Dias ◽  
A.C.M. Apolônio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin ◽  
Reference Strains ◽  
Infusion Agar

The production of Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 (TSST-1), enterotoxins and bacteriocin-like substances was evaluated in 95 strains of Staphylococcus aureus recovered from raw bovine milk (n=31) and from food samples involved in staphylococcal food poisoning (n=64). Enterotoxigenicity tests with the membrane over agar associated to optimal sensibility plate assays were performed and showed that 96.77% of strains recovered from milk and 95.31% from food samples produced enterotoxins A, B, C, D or TSST-1. Reference strains S. epidermidis, Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Lactobacillus casei, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, S. aureus, Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis and Bacteroides fragilis were used as indicator bacteria in the antagonistic assays, the first five being sensitive to antagonistic substances. Brain heart infusion agar, in pH values ranging from 5.0 to 7.0 in aerobic atmosphere showed to be the optimum condition for antagonistic activity as evaluated with the best producer strains against the most sensitive indicator bacterium, L. monocytogenes. Sensitivity to enzymes confirmed the proteinaceous nature of these substances. Neither bacteriophage activity nor fatty acids were detected and the antagonistic activity was not due to residual chloroform. Results did not establish a positive correlation between the bacteriocinogenic profile and toxigenicity in the tested S. aureus strains.

The Detection of Enterotoxins and Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin Genes in Staphylococcus aureus by Polymerase Chain Reaction

2000 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. McLAUCHLIN ◽  
G. L. NARAYANAN ◽  
V. MITHANI ◽  
G. O'NEILL
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Group I ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin

A simple polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based procedure was developed for the detection of fragments of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) SEA, SEB, SEC, SED, SEE, SEG, SEH, and SEI together with the toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1) genes of Staphylococcus aureus. One hundred and twenty-nine cultures of S. aureus were selected, 39 of which were recovered from 38 suspected staphylococcal food-poisoning incidents. The method was reproducible, and 32 different toxin genotypes were recognized. The presence of SE genes was associated with S. aureus strains reacting with phages in group III, and the TSST-1 gene with phages in group I. There was a 96% agreement between the PCR results for detection of SEA–D and TSST-1 as compared with a commercial reverse passive latex agglutination assay for the detection of SEs from cultures grown in vitro. Enterotoxin gene fragments were detected in S. aureus cultures recovered from 32 of the 38 suspected staphylococcal food poisoning incidents, and of these, 17 were associated with SEE, SEG, SEH, and SEI in the absence of SEA–D. Simple PCR procedures were also developed for the detection of SE directly in spiked food samples, and this was most successfully achieved in mushroom soup and ham. Detection was less successful in three types of cheese and in cream. SEA or SEB were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in three food samples (two of which were associated with food poisoning incidents) naturally heavily contaminated with S. aureus: the appropriate SEA or SEB gene fragments were detected directly in these three foods by PCR.

scholarly journals Exotoxins of Staphylococcus aureus

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin M. Dinges ◽  
Paul M. Orwin ◽  
Patrick M. Schlievert
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
The Family ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin ◽  
And Function

SUMMARY This article reviews the literature regarding the structure and function of two types of exotoxins expressed by Staphylococcus aureus, pyrogenic toxin superantigens (PTSAgs) and hemolysins. The molecular basis of PTSAg toxicity is presented in the context of two diseases known to be caused by these exotoxins: toxic shock syndrome and staphylococcal food poisoning. The family of staphylococcal PTSAgs presently includes toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) and most of the staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) (SEA, SEB, SEC, SED, SEE, SEG, and SEH). As the name implies, the PTSAgs are multifunctional proteins that invariably exhibit lethal activity, pyrogenicity, superantigenicity, and the capacity to induce lethal hypersensitivity to endotoxin. Other properties exhibited by one or more staphylococcal PTSAgs include emetic activity (SEs) and penetration across mucosal barriers (TSST-1). A detailed review of the molecular mechanisms underlying the toxicity of the staphylococcal hemolysins is also presented.

scholarly journals Use of Multiplex PCR To Detect Classical and Newly Described Pyrogenic Toxin Genes in Staphylococcal Isolates

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 3411-3414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven R. Monday ◽  
Gregory A. Bohach
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Cellular Targets ◽  
Staphylococcal Enterotoxins ◽  
Toxin Genes ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin ◽  
Single Reaction

Staphylococcus aureus may contain one or more genes that encode a variety of immunomodulatory pyrogenic toxins (PTs), including the staphylococcal enterotoxins and toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST). The PTs interact with several cellular targets to produce disease, such as food poisoning and toxic shock syndrome. At present, nine serologically distinct enterotoxins and one immunoreactive form of TSST have been identified and characterized. As isolates of S. aureus are further assessed, it is anticipated that this number will increase. To facilitate screening, a multiplex PCR was designed to simultaneously determine which of these 10 currently known PT genes an individualS. aureus isolate possesses. We show here, using S. aureus isolates with characterized PT phenotypes, that this novel PCR technique reliably detects each of the known PTs in a single reaction.

scholarly journals Toxigenicity in Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci: Epidemiological and Molecular Aspects

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. MBI.S796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cunha ◽  
R.A.O. Calsolari
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Staphylococcal Enterotoxins ◽  
Hospital Environments ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin ◽  
Molecular Aspects ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
General Aspects

Representatives of the Staphylococcus genus are the most common pathogens found in hospital environments, and they are etiological agents for a large variety of infections. Various virulence factors are responsible for the symptoms and severity of infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Among them are staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs), which cause staphylococcal food poisoning, and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1). Some reports indicate that TSST-1 and staphylococcal enterotoxins are also produced by coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS). The present review aimed to discuss general aspects of staphylococcal toxins as well as the epidemiology, genetics and detection of toxins in Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci, since these microorganisms are becoming more and more frequent in nosocomial infections.

scholarly journals Enterotoxins and toxic-shock syndrome toxin-1 in non-enteric staphylococcal disease

1993 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Marples ◽  
A. A. Wieneke
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Group V ◽  
Phage Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin

SUMMARYOver the 7 years 1985–91, 997 strains of Staphylococcus aureus from 962 patients with diseases other than food poisoning have been tested for the production of enterotoxins and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) and phage typed. In all, 128 cases could be classified as confirmed or probable toxic shock syndrome (TSS) but a further 199 cases were classified as possible or unconfirmed TSS. In 219 cases, an alternative diagnosis could be supported and 45 cases were classified as sudden infant death syndrome. In 371 cases, insufficient information for classification was available.Strains of phage group I producing TSST-1 were associated with menstrual TSS. Many menstrual TSS cases were aged less than 20 and were using non-introducer tampons.When all strains were reviewed, strong associations were observed between TSST-1 production and phage group I strains, enterotoxin B production and group V strains, enterotoxin C and phage-type 95 strains and between enterotoxin A without TSST-1 and phage group III strains.

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