scholarly journals Pollination biology of Paliavana tenuiflora (Gesneriaceae: Sinningeae) in Northeastern Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 972-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Alves Ferreira ◽  
Blandina Felipe Viana
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Floral Biology ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Pollination Syndrome ◽  
Campos Rupestres ◽  
Bee Pollination ◽  
Chapada Diamantina

In this study the floral biology, breeding system, visitors and pollinators of Paliavana tenuiflora were analyzed in campos rupestres in the Chapada Diamantina, Mucugê, Bahia, Brazil. Paliavana tenuiflora is a shrub with blue-violet, bell-shaped flowers, with anthesis at 11:00 h; the flowers last about six days. Large amounts of nectar are produced (volume average 15.5µL, concentration 22.7% and sugar content 5.0 mg mL-1). The amount of nectar is not related to the time of day, but concentration varied with volume. The species is self-compatible, but fruit set depends on pollinators. Although nectar is available by day and night, flowers of P. tenuiflora fit the bee pollination syndrome, and are actually pollinated by Bombusbrevivillus. However, the hummingbird Phaethornis pretrei can be considered an occasional pollinator, due to its behavior and low frequency of visits. Our results suggest a mixed pollination system, although the importance of P.pretrei as a pollinator remains to be better evaluated.

Two New Species of Lychnophorella (Vernonieae, Asteraceae) from the Chapada Diamantina, Bahia State, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-386
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Bonfim e Cândido ◽  
Benoît Loeuille
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Campos Rupestres ◽  
Chapada Diamantina ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Eleven Species

Abstract—Lychnophorella comprises eleven species. It is characterized by the presence of a pad-like leaf sheath, strongly imbricate persistent phyllaries, glabrous corolla lobes, and apical anther appendages that are constricted at the base. The genus is restricted to the campos rupestres of Chapada Diamantina, Bahia State, Northeastern Brazil. Lychnophorella hindii is morphologically similar to L. santosii and Lychnophorella saxicola is similar to L. leucodendron. These new species are described and illustrated, their affinities discussed and an updated key for the genus is provided.

Pollination ecology of Caryocar brasiliense (Caryocaraceae) in Central Brazil cerrado vegetation

1993 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogério Gribel ◽  
John D. Hay
Keyword(s):  
Breeding System ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Floral Biology ◽  
Cerrado Vegetation ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Glossophaga Soricina ◽  
Caryocar Brasiliense ◽  
Anoura Geoffroyi ◽  
Phyllostomus Discolor

ABSTRACTThe floral biology, breeding system and pollination of Caryocar brasiliense were studied in the cerrado vegetation of Central Brazil. The large, yellowish-cream, brush-like flowers are pollinated mainly by glossophagine bats (Glossophaga soricina and Anoura geoffroyi). Three non-glossophagine bats (Phyllostomus discolor, Vampyrops lineatus and Carollia perspicillata) and two short probosisced hawk moths (Erinyis ello and Pseudosphinx tetrio) may also act as occasional pollinators. Caryocar brasiliense is self-compatible although it sets significantly more fruits when crossed than when selfed. The natural fruit set (fruit/flower ratio) and seed set (seed/ovule ratio) are 3.1% and 1.0% respectively. Most of the fruits and seeds are formed through the action of the flower visitors, despite the fact that about 20% of the non-visited flowers receive self pollen on at least one stigma.

scholarly journals Vegetação endêmica e espécie invasora em campos rupestres de áreas garimpadas

Rodriguésia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 675-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abel Augusto Conceição ◽  
Fabiciana da Hora de Cristo ◽  
Alex de Almeida dos Santos ◽  
Juliana Barbosa dos Santos ◽  
Emile Lemos Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Campos Rupestres ◽  
Chapada Diamantina ◽  
Melinis Minutiflora ◽  
Cadeia Do Espinhaço

ResumoCampos rupestres constituem uma vegetação típica de montanhas da Cadeia do Espinhaço e com elevado grau de endemismo de plantas, contendo algumas áreas com histórico de perturbações por garimpo e pisoteio. O presente estudo foca em duas perguntas principais: 1) Campos rupestres que foram perturbados pelo garimpo há cerca de 15 anos atrás possuem composição florística e estrutura similares a áreas sem perturbação? 2) A riqueza e abundância de espécies exóticas invasoras e de espécies nativas de ampla distribuição tendem a ser mais elevadas nessas áreas garimpadas ou pisoteadas? Quatro campos rupestres foram amostrados em Igatu, Andaraí, Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brasil: dois onde a atividade de garimpo cessou há 15 anos, um sob perturbação atual por pisoteio, mas sem histórico de garimpo e outro em uma área conservada (vegetação amostrada por 16 parcelas de 10x10 m, quatro em cada área). A distribuição geográfica das espécies foram determinadas com base na literatura e análises de classificação e ordenação foram feitas. A composição florística dos campos rupestres foi afetada pelas perturbações, mas apenas a perturbação por garimpo teve efeito marcante sobre a estrutura da vegetação. Espécies de ampla distribuição mais generalistas e a espécie invasora Melinis minutiflora P.Beauv. foram restritas às áreas perturbadas, mostrando a necessidade de monitoramento de espécies invasoras nas áreas garimpadas do Parque Nacional da Chapada Diamantina.

Diet of Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) around Macquarie Island, South Pacific Ocean

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Goldsworthy ◽  
M. Lewis ◽  
R. Williams ◽  
X. He ◽  
J. W. Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Fishing Ground ◽  
Fish Prey ◽  
Macquarie Island ◽  
South Pacific Ocean ◽  
Important Prey ◽  
Patagonian Toothfish ◽  
Myctophid Fish ◽  
Dissostichus Eleginoides

A total of 1423 stomach samples were taken from Patagonian toothfish, Dissostichus eleginoides, caught by bottom trawls at two fishing grounds near Macquarie I., over three fishing seasons. Fish were caught at depths ranging from 500 to 1290 m, and ranged in size from 310 to 1490 mm total length. The 462 stomach samples (32%) that contained prey items indicated that toothfish preyed on a broad range of species including fish, cephalopods and crustaceans (58%, 32% and 10% biomass, respectively), suggesting that they are opportunistic predators. The bathypelagic fish Bathylagus sp. was the most important fish prey (14% dietary biomass); however, nototheniid, macrourid, morid and myctophid fish were also taken. The squid Gonatus antarcticus was also an important prey species (16% biomass), and many other cephalopod species were taken in low frequency. Prawnlike crustaceans (Nematocarcinidae, Mysididae, Sergestidae and Euphausiidae) were the most important crustaceans taken (9% of prey biomass). Significant inter-seasonal and inter-fishing-ground differences in diet were found, but dietary composition was not related to fishing depth, fish size (with the exception of one fishing ground in one season) or the time of day of capture. Comparison with other studies reveals biogeographical differences in the diet of toothfish.

scholarly journals O gênero Ichnanthus (Poaceae: Paniceae) na Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brasil

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reyjane Patrícia de Oliveira ◽  
Hilda Maria Longhi-Wagner ◽  
Ana Maria Giulietti
Keyword(s):  
Campos Rupestres ◽  
Chapada Diamantina ◽  
Cadeia Do Espinhaço

É apresentado o levantamento das espécies do gênero Ichnanthus P. Beauv. (Poaceae) presentes na Chapada Diamantina, parte norte da Cadeia do Espinhaço, situada na região central do Estado da Bahia, Brasil. O trabalho foi feito com base em estudo de espécimes de herbários, coletas intensivas e análise das populações no campo. Foi confirmada a ocorrência de nove espécies que habitam geralmente bordas de matas (I. leiocarpus, I. nemoralis e I. pallens), algumas das quais presentes também nos campos rupestres e cerrados (I. bambusiflorus, I. calvescens, I. dasycoleus, I. inconstans e I. procurrens), ou predominando nestes, sendo apenas uma restrita a áreas de caatinga (I. zehntneri). Este trabalho apresenta chave analítica para a identificação das espécies, descrições e ilustrações das mesmas, além de comentários taxonômicos e ecológicos.

scholarly journals Phenology, reproductive biology and growing degree days of the grapevine ‘Isabel’ (Vitis labrusca, Vitaceae) cultivated in northeastern Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 975-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. S. Nunes ◽  
A. V. Leite ◽  
C. C. Castro
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Floral Biology ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Growing Degree Days ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Vitis Labrusca ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Inflorescence Development

Abstract Phenology and reproductive biology of cultivated species are important for the comprehension of the requirements for fruit and seed production and the management of pollinators. This study aimed to characterise the phenology, reproductive biology and growing degree days of the grapevine ‘Isabel’ (Vitis labrusca) in northeastern Brazil during January 2011 (P1), Augst 2011 (P2), April 2012 (P3) and August 2012 (P4). We recorded the duration (days) of the phenological stages, pruning (P), woolly bud (W), budburst (B), inflorescence development (ID), flowering (F), ripening (R) and harvest (H). We analysed the floral biology, the sexual system and the breeding system. We measured the growing degree days (GDD) required to reach the subperiods P-B, B-F and F-H. The periods P1, P2, P3 and P4 lasted for 116, 125, 117 and 130 days, respectively. The number of days of harvest were similar in the same dry (P1 and P3) and rainy (P2 and P4) periods. All the periods that we recorded were shorter than those observed in other regions of Brazil, which may be attributable to the mean temperature and carbohydrate metabolism. The flowers are green, hermaphroditic, with an odour of mignonette, low pollen viability and autogamous. The base temperature of 10°C was considered the most adequate for the subperiods as has been documented for other grape varieties in Brazil. Thus, temperature was also the most adequate for the cycles, presenting a smaller standard deviation (0.119, 0.147, 0.156 and 0.153 to P1, P2, P3 and P4, respectively) when compared to a base temperature of 12°C (0.122, 0.158, 0.165 and 0.160 to P1, P2, P3 and P4, respectively). The higher and the lower observed GDD were 1972.17 and 1870.05, respectively, both above the values recorded in other parts of Brazil for same variety. The phonological results, including knowledge of growing degree days, are important to the planning of cultures at the study site and in other regions that have similar climatic conditions and make it possible to pre-determine the harvest.

scholarly journals Pollination requirements of seeded and seedless mini watermelon varieties cultivated under protected environment

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isac Gabriel Abrahão Bomfim ◽  
Antônio Diego de Melo Bezerra ◽  
Alexandre Campos Nunes ◽  
Breno Magalhães Freitas ◽  
Fernando Antonio Souza de Aragão
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Floral Biology ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Diploid Pollen

The objective of this work was to evaluate the floral biology and pollination requirements of seeded and seedless mini watermelon varieties, and to determine the best varieties to cultivate under protected environment. Three seedless (HA-5106, HA-5158, and HA-5161) and two seeded (Minipol and Polimore) genotypes were tested. Flowers were monitored from the pre-anthesis stage to senescence, and fruit quality was also evaluated. The evaluated treatments were hand-geitonogamous pollination (MG), cross-pollination with pollen from the Polimore variety (MCP), cross-pollination with pollen from the Minipol variety (MCM), and restricted pollination. All varieties had monoecious plants with diclinous flowers, and the stigmas remained receptive throughout anthesis. Fruit set rates of 84.62% (MG), 61.54% (MCP), 48% (MCM), and 0% (restricted) were obtained for seeded varieties, but of 0% (MG), 76.36% (MCP), 82.69% (MCM), and 0% (restricted) for seedless varieties. Fruits did not differ in quality among treatments within each genotype. Therefore, all the studied varieties require a pollination agent and diploid pollen for fruit set to occur, regardless of the donor variety; and Minipol or Polimore with HA-5106 or HA-5158 are the varieties recommended for cultivation in protected environment.

Pollination biology of Geissomeria pubescens Nees (Acanthaceae) in a forest remnant in central Brazil

Botany ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Matias ◽  
Hélder Consolaro
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Floral Biology ◽  
Pollination Biology ◽  
Energy Availability ◽  
Open Pollination ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Forest Remnant ◽  
Fruit Formation ◽  
Nectar Availability

Specialized plants like those in genus Geissomeria Lindl. (Acanthaceae) seem to depend directly on pollination by hummingbirds for reproduction. The goal of this study was to investigate the pollination biology of Geissomeria pubescens Nees (Acanthaceae) in a forest fragment in the municipality of Catalão, state of Goiás, Brazil, including aspects of morphology, floral biology, energy availability from nectar, and reproductive system. Geissomeria pubescens has pendulous red flowers, tubular corolla, diurnal anthesis, and no odor. These floral traits characterize G. pubescens as an ornithophilous species. The total amount of energy available from nectar was 8.60 ± 2.87 cal·flower–1, and each individual produced up to 22.53 cal·day–1. Based on the resources offered by G. pubescens, the fragment studied may support up to 94.6 hummingbirds during the peak of nectar availability. Hummingbirds were the only flower visitors, and Thalurania furcata (Gmelin, 1788) was the main pollinator. Flowers from manual cross- and self-pollination treatments produced fruits, but fruit set was low compared with open pollination. These results, along with the lack of fruit set from agamospermy and spontaneous selfing, demonstrate the importance of hummingbirds for pollen flow and, consequently, for fruit formation in G. pubescens.

scholarly journals CONSERVAÇÃO IN VITRO DE BROMÉLIA ENDÊMICA DA CHAPADA DIAMANTINA- BA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda De Jesus Oliveira Bastos
Keyword(s):  
Campos Rupestres ◽  
Chapada Diamantina

Neoregelia mucugensis é uma espécie típica dos campos rupestres, e ocorre noParque Nacional da Chapada Diamantina, contudo não é considerada protegida devido àsextensas queimadas que anualmente atingem esta região (Bellintani, 2006). O que tornanecessária a realização de estudos que visem a conservação dessa espécie.

scholarly journals Beyond the low frequency fluctuations morning and evening differences in human brain

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Fafrowicz ◽  
Bartosz Bohaterewicz ◽  
Anna Ceglarek ◽  
Monika Cichocka ◽  
Koryna Lewandowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Basic Mechanism ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Circadian Typology

Human performance, alertness, and most biological functions express rhythmic fluctuations across a 24-hour-period. This phenomenon is believed to originate from differences in both circadian and homeostatic sleep-wake regulatory processes. Interactions between these processes result in time-of-day modulations of behavioral performance as well as brain activity patterns. Although the basic mechanism of the 24-hour clock is conserved across evolution, there are interindividual differences in the timing of sleep-wake cycles, subjective alertness and functioning throughout the day. The study of circadian typology differences has increased during the last few years, especially research on extreme chronotypes, which provide a unique way to investigate the effects of sleep-wake regulation on cerebral mechanisms. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we assessed the influence of chronotype and time-of-day on resting-state functional connectivity. 29 extreme morning- and 34 evening-type participants underwent two fMRI sessions: about one hour after wake-up time (morning) and about ten hours after wake-up time (evening), scheduled according to their declared habitual sleep-wake pattern on a regular working day. Analysis of obtained neuroimaging data disclosed only an effect of time of day on resting-state functional connectivity; there were different patterns of functional connectivity between morning and evening sessions. The results of our study showed no differences between extreme morning-type and evening-type individuals. We demonstrate that circadian and homeostatic influences on the resting-state functional connectivity have a universal character, unaffected by circadian typology.

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