scholarly journals Ischemia and reperfusion in skin flaps: effects of mannitol and vitamin C in reducing necrosis area in a rat experimental model

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 358-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winston Bonetti Yoshida ◽  
Eloísa Bueno Pires de Campos
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Skin Flap ◽  
Skin Flaps ◽  
Flap Survival ◽  
Ringer’S Solution ◽  
Skin Flap Survival ◽  
Lactated Ringer's Solution

PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to develop an experimental model of ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat skin flap and to verify the effect of mannitol and vitamin C on reducing necrosis area. METHODS: A 6-x 3-cm groin skin flap was raised and submitted to 8 hours of ischemia by clamping the vascular pedicle and to 7 days of reperfusion. The animals were divided in four groups: S1 and S2 (10 animals each) and C and T (14 animals each). In groups S1 and S2 skin flaps were not submitted to ischemia and animals received lactated Ringer's solution (S1) and antioxidant solution (S2 ). In groups C and T, flaps were subjected to 8 hours of warm ischemia and animals received Lactated Ringer's solution (Group C) and antioxidant solution immediately before reperfusion, (Group T). Flap survival was evaluated on the seventh day using a paper template technique and computer-assistant imaging analysis of necrotic and normal areas. RESULTS: Statistical analysis showed no area differences between groups C and T. CONCLUSION: The experimental model provided consistent necrotic area in control groups and drugs used were not effective in improving skin flap survival.

Improved skin flap survival in venous ischemia-reperfusion injury with the use of adipose-derived stem cells

Microsurgery ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 645-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun Ho Han ◽  
Young Min Lim ◽  
Sang Wook Park ◽  
Su Jin Lee ◽  
Jong Won Rhie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Skin Flap ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽  
Flap Survival ◽  
Skin Flap Survival ◽  
Venous Ischemia

The Relationship of Hematocrit Levels to Skin Flap Survival Length in the Pig

1981 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 750-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey B. Alperstein ◽  
Howard L. Levine ◽  
Harvey M. Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Control Animal ◽  
Skin Flap ◽  
Random Pattern ◽  
Skin Flaps ◽  
Flap Survival ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Skin Flap Survival ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The work of several investigators suggests that anemia may increase the survival length of skin flaps in the dog and the rabbit. The following experiment was designed to study the survival of standardized skin flaps of varying lengths in normocythemic, polycythemic, and anemic pigs. The pig was chosen because of the similarity of its skin to that of human skin. Twenty-nine standardized random-pattern flaps and six standardized arterial flaps were studied in pigs with varying hematocrits. A statistically significant increase was found in the survival lengths of skin flaps in the polycythemic animal as compared with the anemic one. No significant difference was found when the flap survival lengths of the normocythemic control animal were compared with those of the polycythemic animal or with those of the anemic animal. These findings suggest that relative polycythemia may allow improved flap length-survival and, in contradistinction to the findings of previous investigators, that anemia does not result in improved survival length.

Effects of Ischemic Preconditioning and C1 Esterase Inhibitor Administration following Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in a Rat Skin Flap Model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inmaculada Masa ◽  
César Casado-Sánchez ◽  
Vicente Crespo-Lora ◽  
Alberto Ballestín
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Ischemic Preconditioning ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Skin Flap ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Skin Flaps ◽  
Rat Skin ◽  
C1 Esterase Inhibitor ◽  
Esterase Inhibitor

Abstract Background Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a serious condition that can affect the success rate of microsurgical reconstructions of ischemic amputated limbs and complex tissue defects requiring free tissue transfers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) and C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-Inh) intravenous administration following I/R injury in a rat skin flap model. Methods Superficial caudal epigastric skin flaps (3 cm × 7 cm) were performed on 50 Wistar rats that were randomly divided into five groups. Ischemia was not induced in the control group. All other flaps underwent 8 hours of ischemia prior to revascularization: I/R control group (8-hour ischemia), IPC group (preconditioning protocol + 8-hour ischemia), C1-Inh group (8-hour ischemia + C1-Inh), and IPC + C1-Inh group (preconditioning protocol + 8-hour ischemia + C1-Inh). Survival areas were macroscopically assessed after 1 week of surgery, and histopathological and biochemical evaluations were also measured. Results There were no significant differences in flap survival between the treatment groups that were suffering 8 hours of ischemia and the control group. A significant increase in neovascularization and lower edema formation were observed in the IPC group compared with that in the I/R group. Biochemical parameters did not show any significant differences. Conclusion Intravenous administration of C1-Inh did not significantly modulate I/R-related damage in this experimental model, but further research is needed. On the other hand, IPC reduces tissue damage and improves neovascularization, confirming its potential protective effects in skin flaps following I/R injury.

scholarly journals Effects of Natural and Recombinant Hirudin on VEGF Expression and Random Skin Flap Survival in a Venous Congested Rat Model

2013 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo Yingxin ◽  
Yin Guoqian ◽  
Li Jiaquan ◽  
Xiao Han
Keyword(s):  
Rat Model ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Skin Flap ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Skin Flaps ◽  
Vegf Expression ◽  
Recombinant Hirudin ◽  
Flap Survival ◽  
Skin Flap Survival

Abstract We aim to investigate the effects of locally injected natural and recombinant hirudin on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and flap survival in venous congested skin flaps using a rat model. A dorsal random skin flap (10 × 3 cm) was prepared on each of 30 Wistar rats to establish a venous congested model. The rats were randomly divided into 2 treatment groups [receiving subcutaneous injection of either natural hirudin (6 U) or recombinant hirudin (6 U)] and a control group, which received subcutaneous injection of physiologic saline. After treatment, skin flap survival rates were calculated. VEGF messenger RNA levels and VEGF-positive vessel density as a marker for VEGF levels were measured in the flaps during and after treatment. The skin flap VEGF messenger RNA levels increased in the natural hirudin-treated group. The VEGF-positive vessel density was increased in all 3 groups. Statistically significant increases of VEGF levels were observed in the natural and recombinant hirudin-treated groups compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The skin flap survival rates were improved in both hirudin treated groups. Natural and recombinant hirudin can increase VEGF expression in random skin flaps, which can potentially improve random skin flap survival in rats through angio genic mechanisms. Our results showed that hirudin treatment led to an increase in VEGF expression in the congested skin flaps. Natural hirudin demonstrated more pronounced effects than recombinant hirudin. Further studies are needed to understand the specific mechanisms.

scholarly journals Positive Effect of Andrographolide Induced Autophagy on Random-Pattern Skin Flaps Survival

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingtao Jiang ◽  
Jie Jin ◽  
Junsheng Lou ◽  
Jiafeng Li ◽  
Hongqiang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Skin Flap ◽  
Random Pattern ◽  
Skin Flaps ◽  
Flap Necrosis ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Flap Survival ◽  
Flap Viability ◽  
Skin Flap Survival ◽  
Positive Effect

Random-pattern skin flap replantation is generally used in the reconstruction of surgical tissues and covering a series of skin flap defects. However, ischemia often occurs at the flap distal parts, which lead to flap necrosis. Previous studies have shown that andrographolide (Andro) protects against ischemic cardiovascular diseases, but little is known about the effect of Andro on flap viability. Thus, our study aimed to building a model of random-pattern skin flap to understand the mechanism of Andro-induced effects on flap survival. In this study, fifty-four mice were randomly categorized into the control, Andro group, and the Andro+3-methyladenine group. The skin flap samples were obtained on postoperative day 7. Subsequently, the tissue samples were underwent a series of evaluations such as changes in the appearance of flap tissue, the intensity of blood flow, and neovascularization density of skin flap. In our study, the results revealed that Andro enhanced the viability of random skin flaps by enhancing angiogenesis, inhibiting apoptosis, and reducing oxidative stress. Furthermore, our results have also demonstrated that the administration of Andro caused an elevation in the autophagy, and these remarkable impact of Andro were reversed by 3-methyladenine (3-MA), the most common autophagy inhibitor. Together, our data proves novel evidence that Andro is a potent modulator of autophagy capable of significantly increasing random-pattern skin flap survival.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document