scholarly journals Detection of streptococcus mutans and streptococcus sobrinus in dental plaque samples from Brazilian preschool children by polymerase chain reaction

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Cristina Costa Franco e Franco ◽  
Patrícia Amoroso ◽  
José Moacir Marin ◽  
Fernando Antonio de Ávila
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
World Health ◽  
Streptococcus Sobrinus ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Discriminative Ability ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The purposes of this study were to detect S. mutans and S. sobrinus by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, and to relate their presence to the incidence of dental caries in 42 Brazilian preschool children. Dental plaque samples were collected from the cervical margin of all erupted teeth of 5-6 years old children with primary dentition, using a sterile explorer. Examination of the dmft (decayed, missing, filled teeth) index, performed following the World Health Organization (WHO) caries diagnostic criteria, showed a 2.71 score. Prevalence of S. mutans and S. sobrinus was respectively, of 85.7% and 14.3%; no dental plaque sample was either positive or negative for both bacterial species. Children harboring either S. mutans or S. sobrinus presented the same caries prevalence. PCR showed good discriminative ability for differentiation between these species, and suggested that it is a technique suitable for epidemiological studies on mutans streptococci.

scholarly journals Effects of Caries Activity on Compositions of Mutans Streptococci in Saliva-Induced Biofilm Formed on Bracket Materials

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 4764
Author(s):  
Bum-Soon Lim ◽  
Bo-Hyun Kim ◽  
Won-Jun Shon ◽  
Sug-Joon Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Streptococcus Sobrinus ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Caries Activity ◽  
Material Type ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Total Bacteria

This study aimed to investigate effects of caries activity on composition of mutans streptococci in saliva-induced biofilms formed on bracket materials. Three bracket materials were used as specimens: ceramic, metal, and plastic. After saliva was collected using a spitting method from caries-active (CA, decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) score ≥ 10) and caries-free (CF, DMFT score = 0) subjects, saliva was mixed with growth media in a proportion of 1:10. The saliva solution was then incubated with each bracket material. After a saliva-induced biofilm was developed on the surface of the bracket material, the amounts of total bacteria and mutans streptococci were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that biofilms from CA saliva contained more mutans streptococci but less total bacteria than biofilms from CF saliva, regardless of material type. Adhesion of total bacteria to ceramic was higher than to plastic, regardless of caries activity. Mutans streptococci adhered more to ceramic than to metal and plastic in both biofilms from CA and CF saliva, but there was a difference in adhesion between Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus. The amount of S. mutans was higher than that of S. sobrinus in biofilms from CA saliva despite similar amounts of the two strains in biofilms from CF saliva. The stronger adhesion of S. mutans to ceramic than to metal and plastic was more evident in biofilms from CA saliva than in biofilms from CF saliva. This study suggests that caries activity and material type significantly influenced composition of mutans streptococci in biofilms formed on bracket materials.

scholarly journals Development of a Genoserotyping Method for Salmonella Infantis Detection on the Basis of Pangenome Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Seung-Min Yang ◽  
Jiwon Baek ◽  
Eiseul Kim ◽  
Hyeon-Be Kim ◽  
Seyoung Ko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gene Marker ◽  
Diagnostic Assay ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Substantial Economic Burden

In recent years, Salmonella Infantis has become a predominant serovariant in clinical and poultry isolates, thereby imposing a substantial economic burden on both public health and the livestock industry. With the aim of coping with the steep increase in serovar Infantis prevalence, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based rapid and accurate diagnostic assay was developed in this study through pangenome profiling of 60 Salmonella serovars. A gene marker, SIN_02055, was identified, which is present in the S. Infantis genome but not in the pangenome of the other serovars. Primers specific to SIN_02055 were used to accurately detect serovar Infantis, and to successfully differentiate Infantis from the other 59 serovars in real-time PCR with a R2 of 0.999 and an efficiency of 95.76%. The developed method was applied to 54 Salmonella strains belonging to eight dominant serovars, and distinguished Infantis from the other seven serovars with an accuracy of 100%. The diagnostic primer set also did not show false positive amplification with 32 strains from eight non-Salmonella bacterial species. This cost-effective and rapid method can be considered an alternative to the classic serotyping using antisera.

scholarly journals Development of Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction for Detection of and Discrimination between Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae and Other Erysipelothrix Species

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 701-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ho To ◽  
Tomohiro Koyama ◽  
Shinya Nagai ◽  
Kotaro Tuchiya ◽  
Tetsuo Nunoya
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays were developed and validated in combination with enrichment culture for the detection and discrimination of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae and other Erysipelothrix species from tissue samples. The targets for SYBR green qPCR assays were the 16S ribosomal RNA gene for Erysipelothrix species and a gene involved in capsular formation for E. rhusiopathiae. The specificity of the assays was assessed with Erysipelothrix species and other related bacterial species. The limit of detection was found to be 5 colony-forming units per reaction. Amplification of DNA extracted from spleen and joint samples spiked with increasing quantities of Erysipelothrix cells was shown to be equally sensitive to DNA extracted from a pure bacterial culture. The assays were evaluated with 88 tissue samples from 3 experimentally infected pigs and 50 mice and with 36 tissue samples from 3 naturally infected pigs and 11 noninfected pigs. Results were compared with those of direct qPCR and conventional culture. The qPCR after enrichment increased the diagnostic sensitivity over that of culture and qPCR, thereby significantly reducing the total time taken for the detection of E. rhusiopathiae and other Erysipelothrix species. Therefore, this technique could be used for practical applications.

Molecular typing of Lactobacillus brevis isolates from Korean food using repetitive element-polymerase chain reaction

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmine Kaur ◽  
Anshul Sharma ◽  
Sulhee Lee ◽  
Young-Seo Park
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Repetitive Element ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Lactobacillus Brevis ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Method ◽  
Fermented Foods ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Easy Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Lactobacillus brevis is a part of a large family of lactic acid bacteria that are present in cheese, sauerkraut, sourdough, silage, cow manure, feces, and the intestinal tract of humans and rats. It finds its use in food fermentation, and so is considered a “generally regarded as safe” organism. L. brevis strains are extensively used as probiotics and hence, there is a need for identifying and characterizing these strains. For identification and discrimination of the bacterial species at the subspecific level, repetitive element-polymerase chain reaction method is a reliable genomic fingerprinting tool. The objective of the present study was to characterize 13 strains of L. brevis isolated from various fermented foods using repetitive element-polymerase chain reaction. Repetitive element-polymerase chain reaction was performed using three primer sets, REP, Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC), and (GTG)5, which produced different fingerprinting patterns that enable us to distinguish between the closely related strains. Fingerprinting patterns generated band range in between 150 and 5000 bp with REP, 200–7500 bp with ERIC, and 250–2000 bp with (GTG)5 primers, respectively. The Jaccard’s dissimilarity matrices were used to obtain dendrograms by the unweighted neighbor-joining method using genetic dissimilarities based on repetitive element-polymerase chain reaction fingerprinting data. Repetitive element-polymerase chain reaction proved to be a rapid and easy method that can produce reliable results in L. brevis species.

scholarly journals COVID-19 testing: Essential for tracking infection and helping authority to overcome the challenges of spread

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-92
Author(s):  
Rano Mal Piryani ◽  
Suneel Piryani ◽  
Shomeeta Piryani ◽  
Ganesh Dangal ◽  
Muzaherul Huq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Blood Sample ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Health Organization

COVID-19 is mainly transmitted through droplet infection and spread very fast compared to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. For the countries, it is important to know at what stage the COVID-19 epidem­ic is? So, as to take appropriate steps to contain the epidemic. This will only be known by testing the suspects and contacts of confirmed cases. If there is poor testing, then most of the infected people may remain undetected, however they could spread the virus to hundreds of other people and potential contacts, which could not be known and quarantined in time continuing the spread. If there is quality assured, highly sensitive and specific testing along with adequate isolation and quarantine, then the spread will be limited. There are two types of tests available for COVID-19: the tests directly detecting the viral ribonucleic acid (RNA) collected in nasopharyngeal or throat swabs, and tests detecting antibodies from the blood sample. At this point in time, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests are used for confirmation of the disease while antibodies tests may provide information regarding the prevalence of infection. World Health Organization advices the countries to increase the testing and get to know the level of epidemic and act accordingly for containment of infection.

scholarly journals Simplified Method of Detection of Dialister invisus and Olsenella uli in Oral Cavity Samples by Polymerase Chain Reaction

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manohar S. Kugaji ◽  
Kishore G. Bhat ◽  
Vinayak M. Joshi ◽  
Madhu Pujar ◽  
Pratik T. Mavani
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Universal Primers ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Infection Group ◽  
Endodontic Infection ◽  
Predominant Component ◽  
Endodontic Infections ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Aims and Objectives: The oral microbial flora is highly complex and diverse with obligate anaerobic bacteria as the predominant component. Most of these are not yet cultivated/difficult to cultivate due to technical limitations. In this study, we aim to detect two novel oral bacterial species Dialister invisus and Olsenella uli by simplified and economical procedure of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and study their association with primary and persistent endodontic infections. Material and Methods: The study involved 60 patients that included 30 patients of primary endodontic infections and 30 with persistent endodontic infections. The sample collection from the root canal was performed by universally accepted protocol by using sterile paper points. The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction was done, followed by PCR with species specific primers. We made several changes to the protocol mentioned by original authors. We adopted a one-step protocol for amplification of bacterial DNA, omitting the 16SrDNA amplification step with universal primers. Results: It was seen that 7 (23.3 %) samples in primary endodontic infection group and 24 (80 %) samples in persistent endodontic infection group were positive for D. invisus. On the other hand, 11 (36.6 %) patients of primary endodontic infection showed positivity for O. uli in comparison to 9 (30 %) of persistent endodontic infection. Conclusion: The results from the present study showed efficient amplification of both O. uli and D. invisus in a single-step PCR. Hence, we conclude that the modified protocol used here with taq polymerase enzyme offers a faster and cheaper alternative to nested PCR without compromising the quality of amplification process.

A two primers random amplified polymorphic DNA procedure to obtain polymerase chain reaction fingerprints of bacterial species

2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1086-1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raúl Rivas ◽  
Encarna Velázquez ◽  
Angel Valverde ◽  
Pedro F. Mateos ◽  
Eustoquio Martínez-Molina
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

scholarly journals Laboratory detection of bacterial pathogens and clinical and laboratory response of syndromic management in patients with cervical discharge: A retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Deepika Yadav ◽  
Sanjay Singh ◽  
Benu Dhawan ◽  
Seema Sood ◽  
Somesh Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Syndromic Management ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Background: Cervical discharge as part of cervicitis and pelvic inflammatory disease is a cause of significant morbidity in sexually active women worldwide. Non-gonococcal and non- chlamydial bacterial pathogens are becoming more prevalent. Aims: This study aims to determine bacterial pathogens causing cervical discharge using culture and/or polymerase chain reaction and assess the clinical and laboratory response to the conventional syndromic kit regimen established by the World Health Organisation. Methods: A retrospective review of records of women with cervical discharge over one year period. Culture and/or polymerase chain reaction results of endocervical swabs of various bacterial pathogens at baseline and after four weeks of treatment with syndromic kit regimen were recorded. Results: A total of 70 case records were reviewed for clinical details, out of which results of bacterial culture and polymerase chain reaction were available for 67 cases. Infectious aetiology was found in 30 (44.7%) patients with Ureaplasma species being the most common organism isolated on culture (18, 26.8%) and polymerase chain reaction (25, 37.3%), respectively. Polymerase chain reaction for Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma hominis was positive in ten (14.9%) and four (6%) cases, respectively. None of the patients showed positive culture for Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Coinfection was seen in eight (11.9%) patients with the majority showing Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma spp. coinfection (five patients). Forty one cases (58.5%) received tab. cefixime 400 mg and tab. azithromycin one gram stat (kit 1), while 29 cases (43.3%) received tab. cefixime 400 mg stat, tab. metronidazole 400 mg and cap. doxycycline 100 mg, both twice daily for 14 days (kit 6). Minimal to no clinical improvement with treatment was seen in 14 out of 32 cases (44%) at the end of four weeks with the conventional kit regimen. Post-treatment culture and/or polymerase chain reaction were positive in nine out of 28 cases (32.1%) with Ureaplasma spp. being the most common. Limitations: Retrospective study design, small sample size and fewer cases with follow-up data were the main limitations. Conclusion: Ureaplasma spp. was the most common infectious cause of cervical discharge in our patients. Treatment given as part of syndromic management led to a clinical and microbiological response in around half and two-third cases, respectively.

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