scholarly journals Relationship between total bacteria counts and somatic cell counts from mammary quarters infected by mastitis pathogens

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 691-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Emídio Ferreira Lopes Júnior ◽  
Carla Cristine Lange ◽  
Maria Aparecida Vasconcelos Paiva Brito ◽  
Fabiana Ribeiro Santos ◽  
Marco Aurélio Souto Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Bacteriological Examination ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mastitis Pathogens

This study was conducted to establish the relationship between somatic cell count (SCC) and bacterial shedding from mammary quarters according to mastitis pathogens. Milk samples from 638 mammary quarters were examined for mastitis pathogens, SCC and total bacterial count (TBC). The raw data of SCC and TBC were used to perform descriptive statistics. The significance of the arithmetic mean differences between SCC and TBC according to bacteriological examination results was determined by a two-tailed unpaired t-test. Pearson and Spearman´s correlations were done with logarithmic data and linear regression analyses. The geometric means of the bacteriological examination results were (cells mL-1; CFU mL-1): no growth (52,000; 12,000), coagulase-negative staphylococci (85,000; 17,000), Staphylococcus aureus (587,000; 77,000); other streptococci (432,000; 108,000) and Streptococcus agalactiae (1,572,000; 333,000). The Pearson and Spearman's correlations between SCC and TBC were higher than 0.60 for all mastitis pathogens. The regression analyses slopes showed different increase in TBC with the same increase in SCC according to mastitis pathogens. The slope for S. agalactiae (0.542) was higher than that for other mastitis pathogens. The results suggest that the intensity of inflammatory process was associated with number of mastitis pathogens shedding from the mammary gland.

scholarly journals Mastitis pathogens and somatic cell count in ewes milk

10.5219/1338 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 164-169
Author(s):  
Kristí­na Tvarožková ◽  
Vladimí­r Tančin ◽  
Michal Uhrinčať ◽  
Lukáš Hleba ◽  
Lucia Mačuhová
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mastitis Pathogens

The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of pathogens in selected group of ewes and the relationship between somatic cell count (SCC) and the presence of pathogens. The experiment was carried out on a dairy farm, where predominantly breed was a Tsigai. Sampling was carried out in monthly intervals as part of the milk recording test day from February to July 2019. A total of 303 ewes were included in the survey, during the milk recording test day. The ewes with SCC ≥1000 × 103 cells.mL-1 were selected for further sampling at half udder level. Based on SCC the ewes were divided into five groups: <200 ×103; ≥200 <400 × 103; ≥400 <600 × 103; ≥600 <1000 × 103; ≥1000 × 103 cells.mL-1. The first group of SCC contained 33.9% of milk samples, the second 14.1% of samples, the third 5.7% of samples, the fourth 6.2% and the fifth 40.1% of samples. The most common pathogens were coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS). The most frequent CNS was Staphylococcus (S.) simulans (24.4%). S. aureus was identified in 5.3% of bacteriological positive samples. Almost 70% of ewes with bacteriological positive samples were repeated identified the presence of pathogens during tested period. SCC ≥500 × 103 cells.mL-1  were detected in 92.5% bacteriological positive milk samples. The presence of pathogens increased SCC in milk (p <0.001) as compared to samples free of pathogens. In conclusion, the SCC ≥500 × 103 cells.mL-1 could be important for detection of subclinical mastitis at half udder level in dairy ewes.

scholarly journals Relationship of total bacterial and somatic cell counts with milk production and composition – multivariate analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 42568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Scolari Botton ◽  
Dileta Regina Moro Alessio ◽  
Marcos Busanello ◽  
Catia Letícia Corrêa Schneider ◽  
Fernanda Hammes Stroeher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Production Composition

 This study was realized to evaluate the monthly production, composition and quality of milk (total and defatted dry extract, lactose, fat and protein) and their relation to somatic cell count (SCC) and total bacterial count (TBC) using multivariate statistical analyses. The data are from a dairy farm for the period of two years (from January 2015 to December 2016). The SCC and TBC variables were transformed to somatic cell score (SCS) and log10 (LogTBC). Factor analysis, discriminant analysis and cluster analysis were used. Through factor analysis, it was found two factors that together explained 69.5% of the total data variation. The first factor represented the inverse relationship between lactose versus fat and protein content, while the second factor represented the inverse relationship among monthly milk yield versus SCS and LogTBC. The discriminant analysis identified that lactose and protein contents and SCS were the variables that had the greatest participation in the separation of the groups formed by the cluster analysis. The groups differed mainly by the monthly production of milk, composition and SCS. Finally, there are important multivariate relations between the variables milk production, composition and quality.

scholarly journals Impact of policy-induced structural change on milk quality: evidence from the Flemish dairy sector

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart Van der Straeten ◽  
Jeroen Buysse ◽  
Guido Van Huylenbroeck ◽  
Ludwig Lauwers
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Exchange Policy ◽  
The Impact

This paper uses a Markov chain model to analyse the dynamics in farm-size distribution among the Flemish dairy sector and the impact of quota policy regulation on such changes. The model predicts a decline of 24% in number of farms in 2014 compared with the current situation with a more liberal exchange policy and a decline of 18% with a restricted quota exchange policy. From these Markov chain model results, we analysed the impact of farm-size distribution on eight different milk quality parameters (total bacterial count, somatic cell count, coliform count, freezing point, urea-N, fat content and protein content and penalty-points). In general, larger farms produce higher quality milk than smaller farms, especially with respect to the microbiological parameters (total bacterial count, somatic cell count and coliform count). The change in farm-size distribution from a liberal quota exchange policy would decrease the average total bacterial count by 18·0%, the somatic cell count by 2·1% and the coliform count by 11·0%. The aggregate performance of the other parameters are smaller with improvements in all cases of <1%.

Effects of season, milking routine and cow cleanliness on bacterial and somatic cell counts of bulk tank milk

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 436-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maddalena Zucali ◽  
Luciana Bava ◽  
Alberto Tamburini ◽  
Milena Brasca ◽  
Laura Vanoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Bulk Tank

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of season, cow cleanliness and milking routine on bacterial and somatic cell counts of bulk tank milk. A total of 22 dairy farms in Lombardy (Italy) were visited three times in a year in different seasons. During each visit, samples of bulk tank milk were taken for bacterial and somatic cell counts; swabs from the teat surface of a group of cows were collected after teat cleaning and before milking. Cow cleanliness was assessed by scoring udder, flanks and legs of all milking cows using a 4-point scale system. Season affected cow cleanliness with a significantly higher percentage of non-clean (NC) cows during Cold compared with Mild season. Standard plate count (SPC), laboratory pasteurization count (LPC), coliform count (CC) and somatic cell count, expressed as linear score (LS), in milk significantly increased in Hot compared with Cold season. Coagulase-positive staphylococci on teat swabs showed higher counts in Cold season in comparison with the other ones. The effect of cow cleanliness was significant for SPC, psychrotrophic bacterial count (PBC), CC and Escherichia coli in bulk tank milk. Somatic cell count showed a relationship with udder hygiene score. Milking operation routine strongly affected bacterial counts and LS of bulk tank milk: farms that accomplished a comprehensive milking scheme including two or more operations among forestripping, pre-dipping and post-dipping had lower teat contamination and lower milk SPC, PBC, LPC, CC and LS than farms that did not carry out any operation.

scholarly journals Prevalence of coagulase-negative staphylococci in bovine mastitis in Zimbabwe

2002 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kudinha ◽  
C. Simango
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Cell Counts

This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of coagulase-negative staphylococci in clinical and subclinical mastitis in commercial and small-scale farms in Zimbabwe. Thirty five quarter milk samples from clinical mastitis cases and 371 quarter milk samples from cows with subclinical mastitis were cultured for bacterial pathogens. The most frequent pathogens isolated in clinical mastitis were the enteric bacteria (31.4 %), followed by coagulase negative staphylococci (22.9 %) and then Staphylococcus aureus (17.1 %), whereas in subclinical mastitis S. aureus (34.2 %) and coagulase-negative staphylococci were (33.2 %) the most common. Bacillus species were only isolated in milk samples from subclinical mastitis. Coagulase-negative staphylococci were observed in mixed infections with other bacteria in only 2.2 % of the 406 milk samples from clinical and subclinical mastitis where they were isolated together with Bacillus species in 6 of the 9 mixed infection cases. About 95 % of the milk samples from which 131 coagulase-negative staphylococci were isolated had correspondingly high somatic cell counts. The coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated most frequently were S. chromogenes (7.9 %), S. epidermidis (7.4 %) and S. hominis (5.9 %). They were all associated with high somatic cell counts. All the coagulase-negative staphylococci isolates were susceptible to cloxacillin and erythromycin, and more than 90 %of the isolates were susceptible to neomycin, penicillin and streptomycin. The highest resistance was to tetracycline (17.6 %), followed by lincomycin (13.7 %). About 8 % of the isolates were resistant to both penicillin and streptomycin.

scholarly journals M1 AFLATOXIN, TOTAL BACTERIAL COUNT AND SOMATIC CELL COUNT IN ORGANIC AND CONVENTIONAL MILK

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
A. Coccollone ◽  
A. Canever ◽  
M. Trevisani ◽  
A. Borsari ◽  
F. Giacometti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Conventional Milk

scholarly journals Milk cathelicidin and somatic cell counts in dairy goats along the course of lactation

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vittorio Tedde ◽  
Valerio Bronzo ◽  
Giulia Maria Grazia Puggioni ◽  
Claudia Pollera ◽  
Antonio Casula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Peak Level ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Antimicrobial Protein ◽  
Microbial Culture ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Cell Counts

AbstractThis research communication reports the evaluation of cathelicidin in dairy goat milk for its relationship with the somatic cell count (SCC) and microbial culture results. Considering the limited performances of SCC for mastitis monitoring in goats, there is interest in evaluating alternative diagnostic tools. Cathelicidin is an antimicrobial protein involved in innate immunity of the mammary gland. In this work, half-udder milk was sampled bimonthly from a herd of 37 Alpine goats along an entire lactation and tested with the cathelicidin ELISA together with SCC and bacterial culture. Cathelicidin and SCC showed a strong correlation (r = 0.72; n = 360 milk samples). This was highest in mid-lactation (r = 0.83) and lowest in late lactation (r = 0.61), and was higher in primiparous (0.80, n = 130) than in multiparous goats (0.71, n = 230). Both markers increased with stage of lactation, but cathelicidin increased significantly less than SCC. In addition, peak level in late lactation was lower for cathelicidin (5.05-fold increase) than for SCC (7.64-fold increase). Twenty-one (5.8%) samples were positive to bacteriological culture, 20 for coagulase-negative staphylococci and one for Streptococcus spp.; 18 of them were positive to the cathelicidin ELISA (85.71% sensitivity). Sensitivity of SCC >500 000 and of SCC >1 000 000 cells/ml was lower (71.43 and 23.81%, respectively). Therefore, the high correlation of cathelicidin with SCC during the entire lactation, along with its lower increase in late lactation and good sensitivity in detecting intramammary infection (IMI), indicate a potential for monitoring subclinical mastitis in dairy goats. However, based on this preliminary assessment, specificity should be improved (40.41% for cathelicidin vs. 54.57 and 67.85% for SCC >500 000 and >1 000 000 cells/ml, respectively). Therefore, the application of cathelicidin for detecting goat IMI will require further investigation and optimization, especially concerning the definition of diagnostic thresholds.

Influence of elevated somatic cell count on casein distribution and cheese-making

1980 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali E. Ali ◽  
Anthony T. Andrews ◽  
Gordon C. Cheeseman
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Cheese Making ◽  
Commercial Practice ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
Soluble Phase ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryThe effects of increased somatic cell count, whether caused by infection or by experimental infusion of bacterial endotoxin, on the distribution in milk of caseins between the micellar and soluble forms were investigated. The relationship of somatic cell count to some cheese-making parameters was also studied. With quite modestly elevated cell counts (2–3 × 106/ml) increases of up to 37% in total casein in the soluble phase were observed, most of which was contributed by β-casein, while κ- and αs1-caseins increased only slightly. With storage at 4°C, the concentrations of all the caseins, Ca and phosphate in the soluble phase increased substantially during the first 48 h, but this was followed by a slight decline on further storage. Rennet clotting time, losses of fat in whey, curd moisture, and losses in curd yield and rigidity were all greater the higher the somatic count. Clear differences were detectable in these parameters between milks of very low cell count (e.g. 5 × 104 cells/ml) and milks with counts more typical of those found in bulk supplies (e.g. about 5 × 105 cells/ml). If these findings can be reproduced in commercial practice even a modest reduction in bulk milk somatic cell counts might be expected to bring definite benefits.

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SPEED OF MILKING AND SOMATIC CELL COUNT AND PRODUCTION IN HOLSTEINS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 781-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. MOORE ◽  
J. E. MOXLEY ◽  
B. W. KENNEDY ◽  
E. B. BURNSIDE
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Heritability Estimate ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
The Relationship

Milking speed data were obtained for 2604 Holstein-Friesian cows, identified by sire, in test herds located in Quebec and Ontario. Milk samples were collected from each cow and analyzed for somatic cell count. Completed or projected lactation production records were available for this sample of cows. Two-minute yield and total milking time were adjusted for the effect of milk yield at sampling and the raw cell counts were transformed to the natural log scale. Sire and error variances were obtained by maximum likelihood (ML) methods and used to estimate heritabilities of and correlations between traits. The heritability estimate for the adjusted 2-min. yield, 0.23, was higher than that for the adjusted total milking time (0.13), with the estimates for the two unadjusted measures being intermediate (0.18). The phenotypic correlations between milking speed and somatic cell count were small. However, there were two distinct linear phases to the relationship between the adjusted 2-min yield and cell count. Small but significant phenotypic correlations were observed between unadjusted measures of milking speed and lactation production (0.11–0.22); however, correlations were not significant when adjustments were made for the milk yield at sampling. Genetic correlations between milking speed and somatic cell count were moderate to large and indicated an antagonistic relationship between faster milking speed and cell count. Also, the genetic correlations suggested some antagonism between increasing 2-min yield and lactation production, while the relationship between lactation traits and milking time was small. Key words: Milking speed, somatic cell count, correlations, heritabilities, Holsteins

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