scholarly journals Milk cathelicidin and somatic cell counts in dairy goats along the course of lactation

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vittorio Tedde ◽  
Valerio Bronzo ◽  
Giulia Maria Grazia Puggioni ◽  
Claudia Pollera ◽  
Antonio Casula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Peak Level ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Antimicrobial Protein ◽  
Microbial Culture ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Cell Counts

AbstractThis research communication reports the evaluation of cathelicidin in dairy goat milk for its relationship with the somatic cell count (SCC) and microbial culture results. Considering the limited performances of SCC for mastitis monitoring in goats, there is interest in evaluating alternative diagnostic tools. Cathelicidin is an antimicrobial protein involved in innate immunity of the mammary gland. In this work, half-udder milk was sampled bimonthly from a herd of 37 Alpine goats along an entire lactation and tested with the cathelicidin ELISA together with SCC and bacterial culture. Cathelicidin and SCC showed a strong correlation (r = 0.72; n = 360 milk samples). This was highest in mid-lactation (r = 0.83) and lowest in late lactation (r = 0.61), and was higher in primiparous (0.80, n = 130) than in multiparous goats (0.71, n = 230). Both markers increased with stage of lactation, but cathelicidin increased significantly less than SCC. In addition, peak level in late lactation was lower for cathelicidin (5.05-fold increase) than for SCC (7.64-fold increase). Twenty-one (5.8%) samples were positive to bacteriological culture, 20 for coagulase-negative staphylococci and one for Streptococcus spp.; 18 of them were positive to the cathelicidin ELISA (85.71% sensitivity). Sensitivity of SCC >500 000 and of SCC >1 000 000 cells/ml was lower (71.43 and 23.81%, respectively). Therefore, the high correlation of cathelicidin with SCC during the entire lactation, along with its lower increase in late lactation and good sensitivity in detecting intramammary infection (IMI), indicate a potential for monitoring subclinical mastitis in dairy goats. However, based on this preliminary assessment, specificity should be improved (40.41% for cathelicidin vs. 54.57 and 67.85% for SCC >500 000 and >1 000 000 cells/ml, respectively). Therefore, the application of cathelicidin for detecting goat IMI will require further investigation and optimization, especially concerning the definition of diagnostic thresholds.

Outbreak of subclinical mastitis in a flock of dairy goats associated with atypicalStaphylococcus haemolyticus

2008 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Leitner ◽  
Shlom Sela ◽  
Orly Hammer-Muntz ◽  
Doni Zivotofsky ◽  
Limor Weisblit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Rdna Sequencing

Staphylococcus haemolyticusis a pathogen frequently isolated from dairy cows and small ruminants. However, it always appears in only a few animals and not as a major pathogen. Recently, in a dairy goat herd of approximately 250 milking animals, 25·6% (46/180 goats) had milk cultures with atypical highly mucoid colonies accompanied by elevated somatic cell counts. The isolates were identified asStaph. haemolyticus. The present study describes the steps used in an attempt to identify the bacterium and to compare it with other coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) includingStaph. haemolyticus. Species identification performed with the API STAPH-IDENT 32 kit showed >99·4% identity confirmed by 16S rDNA sequencing tests. Microscopically the atypicalStaph. haemolyticusstrains showed unique cuboidal tetrad clusters reminiscent of those of the genusSarcina. The outbreak caused by an atypical CNS underlines the need for accurate biochemical and genetic methods for ultimate identification of CNS to the species level.

scholarly journals Effect of subclinical intramammary infection on somatic cell counts, NAGase activity and gross composition of goats' milk

2004 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Leitner ◽  
Uzi Merin ◽  
Nissim Silanikove ◽  
Efraim Ezra ◽  
Marcelo Chaffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Intramammary Infection ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cell Counts

The study was aimed at identifying the pathogens causing subclinical udder infections in representative Israeli dairy goat herds and determining their effect on milk quality. Five hundred goats in ten flocks of various breeds and crossbreeds were surveyed. Of the 500 goats, 13·4% were in their first lactation, 36·4% were in their second lactation and 50·2% were in their third or higher lactation. Percentages of udder halves with subclinical intramammary infection in the flocks ranged from 35 to 71%. The effect of the bacteriological infection on somatic cells count (SCC) was significant (P<0·001). Various species of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), mainly Staphylococcus caprae and Staphylococcus epidermidis, were the main pathogens in infected udder halves. Lactation number did not significantly influence either infection rate of udder halves or SCC, although the percentage of udder halves with no bacteriological findings was higher at the first lactation than at the third lactation. Milk composition (fat, protein and lactose) varied among flocks, with lower mean total protein in uninfected halves than in infected ones and higher lactose in uninfected than infected halves.

scholarly journals Prevalence of coagulase-negative staphylococci in bovine mastitis in Zimbabwe

2002 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kudinha ◽  
C. Simango
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Cell Counts

This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of coagulase-negative staphylococci in clinical and subclinical mastitis in commercial and small-scale farms in Zimbabwe. Thirty five quarter milk samples from clinical mastitis cases and 371 quarter milk samples from cows with subclinical mastitis were cultured for bacterial pathogens. The most frequent pathogens isolated in clinical mastitis were the enteric bacteria (31.4 %), followed by coagulase negative staphylococci (22.9 %) and then Staphylococcus aureus (17.1 %), whereas in subclinical mastitis S. aureus (34.2 %) and coagulase-negative staphylococci were (33.2 %) the most common. Bacillus species were only isolated in milk samples from subclinical mastitis. Coagulase-negative staphylococci were observed in mixed infections with other bacteria in only 2.2 % of the 406 milk samples from clinical and subclinical mastitis where they were isolated together with Bacillus species in 6 of the 9 mixed infection cases. About 95 % of the milk samples from which 131 coagulase-negative staphylococci were isolated had correspondingly high somatic cell counts. The coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated most frequently were S. chromogenes (7.9 %), S. epidermidis (7.4 %) and S. hominis (5.9 %). They were all associated with high somatic cell counts. All the coagulase-negative staphylococci isolates were susceptible to cloxacillin and erythromycin, and more than 90 %of the isolates were susceptible to neomycin, penicillin and streptomycin. The highest resistance was to tetracycline (17.6 %), followed by lincomycin (13.7 %). About 8 % of the isolates were resistant to both penicillin and streptomycin.

scholarly journals Prevalence of microorganisms associated with udder infections in dairy goats on small-scale farms in Kenya : short communication

2001 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
E.N. Ndegwa ◽  
C.M. Mulei ◽  
S.J.M. Munyua
Keyword(s):  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
Caprine Milk ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

Six hundred and thirty clinically-normal milk samples from dairy goat flocks comprising a mixed population of German Alpine, Toggenburg, Saanen and Galla crosses were exam-ined over a 3-month period to determine the prevalence of bacterial organisms. Bacteria were isolated in 28.7 % of the milk samples (181/630) either singly (92.8 %) or in combination (7.2 %). The most prevalent bacterial organisms were Staphylococcus spp. (60.3 %), followed by Micrococcus spp. (17.7 %), Acinetobacter spp. (5 %), Actinomyces spp. (5%) and Streptococcus spp. (1.1 %). The Staphylococcus spp. were mainly coagulase negative (64.3 %). Coagulase-- negative staphylococci and coagulase-positive staphylococci accounted for 37.5 % and 22.7 % respectively of the total bacteria isolated. The isolation of bacteria, some of which are important in clinical and subclinical mastitis, in apparently normal caprine milk, indicates that particular attention should be given to the management of these dairy goat flocks in order to avoid the development of cases of clinical mastitis.

scholarly journals Physical, laboratory, and microbiological parameters of mammary gland secretions in postpartum does

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 785
Author(s):  
Jefferson Filgueira Alcindo ◽  
Gabriel Isola Braga ◽  
Luis Claudio Nogueira Mendes ◽  
Márcia Marinho ◽  
Francisco Leydson Formiga Feitosa
Keyword(s):  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Physical Laboratory ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Pathogenic Agents

Mastitis is a multifactorial disease whose prevalence is affected by the type of pathogenic agent involved, the constitution of the animal, and environmental conditions. This study evaluated the physical and laboratory characteristics of colostrum from dairy goats in the postpartum period, and the physical characteristics of the mammary glands in the same period. Of the 71 mammary glands evaluated, 12 were positive for bacterial isolates and the most frequent pathogenic agents were coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) (n = 11). Median somatic cell counts (SCC) in animals positive for bacterial isolates were greater than in animals without bacterial isolates at parturition (696.0 vs. 256.0 x 103 mL –1) and 48 h postpartum (1,350 vs. 437.0 x 103 mL-1). In addition, 34 samples were positive for the California Mastitis Test (CMT; score >1+), indicating a positive relationship between this test and bacterial isolation. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were the most prevalent pathogenic agents, resulting in increase in SCC. Postpartum changes in mammary secretions were not good predictors of bacterial mastitis. Physical examination of mammary glands did not reveal significant changes for the diagnosis of mastitis in the postpartum period.

Effect of subclinical intramammary infection on somatic cell counts and chemical composition of goats' milk

2007 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byeng R Min ◽  
Grant Tomita ◽  
Steve P Hart
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
Staph Aureus ◽  
Intramammary Infection ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Highly Correlated

We investigated effects of subclinical intramammary infection (IMI) on milk somatic cell count (SCC) and milk composition in udder halves of dairy goats. A total of 35 mixed-age Alpine does (70 udder halves; approximately 55 kg body weight) were rotationally grazed on a mixture of vegetative forages (wheat/berseem clover, sudan grass and cowpeas). Milk samples for bacterial analysis and SCC were collected monthly from both halves from April to September, 2001. Across stages of lactation, 19–31% of udder halves became infected. The prevalence of IMI exhibited quadratic patterns through multi-peaked responses within each stage of lactation. Higher rates of IMI were observed during the early stage of lactation (19% in May) and in the late stage of lactation (31% in September). Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CNS, 43·7%), Staph. aureus (35·4%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12·4%) were the most prevalent pathogens. Within single-strain IMI, log SCC (6·24) was lower (P<0·01) for CNS than those derived from IMI by Staph. aureus (6·49), Ps. aeruginosa (6·53) or Serratia spp. (6·90). Infected udder halves had a higher average SCC (4761 v. 2259×103 cells/ml; P<0·01) than uninfected halves, but uninfected halves often had similar levels of SCC to infected halves. Daily average milk production was not significantly different between infected and non-infected goats and the relationship between IMI and SCC was not always correlated. Effective mastitis screening requires bacteriological culture since SCC was not highly correlated.

Effect of caprine arthritis–encephalitis virus infection on milk cell count and N-acetyl-β–glucosaminidase activity in dairy goats

1993 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane P. Ryan ◽  
Paul L. Greenwood ◽  
Paul J. Nicholls
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Cell Counts

SummaryBacteriology, somatic cell counts (SCO) and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase (NAGase) activity determinations were conducted on milk samples collected from does in three dairy herds with caprine arthritis–encephalitis virus (CAEV) infection. In two herds, CAEV-infected does were more likely to have a subclinical bacterial infection of the udder than CAEV-free does (P < 0·05). Does with CAEV but no bacterial udder infection had significantly greater mean SCO and NAGase activity than CAEV-free does without udder infection (P < 0·01). In two herds, changes in milk SCC and NAGase associated with CAEV infection were similar to those produced by coagulase-negative staphylococcal infections. The findings confirm that indirect indicators of bacterial mastitis infection may have reduced specificity in dairy goat herds with CAEV.

Effect of melatonin implants on somatic cell counts in dairy goats

2009 ◽  
Vol 84 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 116-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Jiménez ◽  
S. Andrés ◽  
J. Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Cell Counts

scholarly journals Bacillus amyloliquefaciens-9 Reduces Somatic Cell Count and Modifies Fecal Microbiota in Lactating Goats

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 404
Author(s):  
Yongtao Li ◽  
Nannan Jiang ◽  
Wenying Zhang ◽  
Zhengbing Lv ◽  
Jianxin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Lactating Goats

Subclinical mastitis is one of the major problems affecting dairy animals’ productivity and is classified based on milk somatic cell counts (SCC). Previous data showed that marine-derived Bacillus amyloliquefaciens-9 (GB-9) improved the immunity and the nonspecific immune defense system of the body. In this study, the potential role of GB-9 in improving subclinical mastitis was assessed with Radix Tetrastigmae (RT) as a positive control in subclinical mastitis Saanen dairy goats. The current data showed that GB-9 and RT significantly reduced the SCC in dairy goats. After being fed with GB-9 or RT, the decreased concentrations of malondialdehyde, IgA, IgM, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-6 were observed. The amplicon sequencing analysis of fecal samples revealed that GB-9 significantly altered the bacterial community. Bacteroides and Phascolarctobacterium were the major genera that respond to GB-9 feeding. The correlation analysis using weighted gene co-expression network analysis showed a MePink module was most associated with the serum concentrations of immunoglobulin and interleukin. The MePink module contained 89 OTUs. The feeding of GB-9 in decreasing the SCC was associated with the altered abundance of Bacteroides, which was correlated with the concentrations of immunoglobulins and chemokines. Collectively, the current data suggested that marine-derived GB-9 could be a helpful probiotic to control subclinical mastitis.

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