scholarly journals Diapause and different seasonal morphs of Euschistus heros (Fabr.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Northern Paraná State

2000 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana P. M. Mourão ◽  
Antônio R. Panizzi
Keyword(s):  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Ligustrum Lucidum ◽  
Mango Tree ◽  
Euschistus Heros ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Fallen Leaves ◽  
Diapause Incidence ◽  
In The Beginning

The Neotropical brown stink bug, Euschistus heros (Fabr.), was collected on sunflower [Helianthus annuus (L.)], soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill], star bristle [Acanthospermum hispidum (DC.)], and under fallen leaves of mango tree [Mangifera indica (L.)] and privet (Ligustrum lucidum Ait.), during one year, to evaluate the diapause incidence and the occurrence of different seasonal morphs. The majority of the insects (ca. 90%) with mature reproductive organs was observed during the summer (December-March), when E. heros was found on soybean or on sunflower; in the beginning of autumn, most insects (87%) showed immature reproductive organs, and they were found on star bristle and under fallen leaves. Bugs with mature reproductive organs had more developed shoulders (3.23 and 3.27 mm, for males and females, respectively) than bugs with immature organs (2.91 and 2.89 mm, for males and females, respectively). Two distinct body colors, dark brown and reddish brown, were observed. Nevertheless, the reddish brown was the predominant color of both mature and immature adults during all year. Adults were parasitized by Hexacladia smithii (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and Tachinidae mainly Trichopoda giacomellii (Blanchard) (Diptera: Tachinidae) (80% and 40% of parasitism in male and female, respectively) during summer (December), when the bugs colonized sunflower. In soybean, 12% of males and 10% of females were parasitized, whereas in fallen leaves, the parasitism rate was 5% in both sexes.These results showed that in autumn/winter (shorter photoperiod) the majority of the insects were inactive under fallen leaves, showing immature reproductive organs and less developed shoulders, indicating that, at this time, these bugs were in diapause.

scholarly journals Photophase influence on the reproductive diapause, seasonal morphs, and feeding activity of Euschistus heros (Fabr., 1798) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

2002 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. M. MOURÃO ◽  
A. R. PANIZZI
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Reproductive Diapause ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Body Color ◽  
Spine Length ◽  
Euschistus Heros ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Diapause Incidence

Laboratory studies were conducted to verify the influence of photophase on diapause incidence in the Neotropical brown stink bug, Euschistus heros (Fabr., 1798), fed with soybean [Glycine max (L.)] Merrill pods. Nymphs were maintained at three different photophases: 10 h, 12 h, and 14 h, with constant temperature of 25 ± 1ºC and relative humidity of 65 ± 5%. With 14 h, aproximately 100% of the adults showed mature reproductive organs; the shoulder (spine) length was significantly greater (2.96 and 2.79 mm for females and males, respectively) than those of bugs maintained at the photophase of 12 h (2.60 mm for females and males) and 10 h (2.59 and 2.53 mm for females and males). At the longer photophase (14 h), E. heros showed better reproductive performance and greater feeding activity than insects reared at 10 h and 12 h; in all photophases bugs tended to reduce feeding from the 1st to the 6th week of life. Body color was considered an unreliable parameter to indicate diapause incidence. However, at 14 h, 60% of the insects were dark brown and 40% were reddish brown. These results indicate that E. heros enters reproductive diapause with photophase of 12 hours or less, showing immature reproductive organs or with intermediate development, with shoulder (spine) less developed and reduced feeding activity.

scholarly journals Parâmetros biológicos de Euschistus heros (Fabricius, 1794) alimentado com diferentes dietas

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-159
Author(s):  
Yves Pierre Harry Dalleinne ◽  
◽  
Aline Giothi ◽  
Rosane Betina Wandscheer ◽  
Ivonete Hoss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Preference ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Euschistus Heros ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Seeds And Fruits

During their development, insects can suck plant structures like seeds and fruits being the preferred structures. The study aims to monitor the eating habits of these insects are relevant mainly in terms of food preference and development. The objective of this work was to analyze the feeding preference of Euschistus heros (brown stink bug) fed with 5 diets. The different diets studied resulted in insects in adult, with significant differences in the length of the nymph period, differences in the weights of males and females and variation in survival during the experiment.

scholarly journals Parasitismo e sítios de diapausa de adultos do percevejo marrom, Euschistus heros na região da Grande Dourados, MS

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 1199-1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karlla Barbosa Godoy ◽  
Crébio José Ávila ◽  
Marcela Marcelino Duarte ◽  
Carla Cristina Marques Arce
Keyword(s):  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Ligustrum Lucidum ◽  
Euschistus Heros ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

Entre os insetos que atacam a soja, o percevejo marrom Euschistus heros (Fabricius) é considerado uma das principais pragas. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar a ocorrência de parasitismo em adultos do percevejo marrom E. hero, no período de cultivo da soja e de entressafra, e identificar seus sítios de diapausa no período de entressafra, na região da Grande Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul (MS). Foram coletados adultos do percevejo em lavouras de soja, durante as safras 2004/05 e 2005/06, sendo as coletas realizadas semanalmente. No período de entressafra da soja de 2005 e 2006, foram realizadas inspeções em diferentes ambientes vegetais visando a constatar possíveis sítios de diapausa do percevejo, bem como avaliar a ocorrência de parasitismo nesses ambientes. Em cada coleta, foram individualizados 40 adultos em caixas gerbox contendo Ligustrum lucidum Ait. (Oleraceae), sendo os insetos observados durante um período de 40 dias. Os parasitoides foram armazenados em álcool 70% e encaminhados para identificação. O índice natural de parasitismo de adultos de E. heros amostrados no período de safra e de entressafra de soja variou de 0,0 a 5,0%, considerando-se as diferentes coletas realizadas, sendo Hexacladia smithii Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) a única espécie de parasitoide ocorrente. No período de entressafra, foi verificada maior incidência do percevejo E. heros em folhas secas de mangueira (Mangifera indica L.) caídas no chão, evidenciando que esse ambiente é um importante sítio de diapausa para essa praga na região.

Diapause incidence and duration in the pest mango blossom gall midge, Procontarinia mangiferae (Felt), on Reunion Island

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 661-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Amouroux ◽  
F. Normand ◽  
H. Delatte ◽  
A. Roques ◽  
S. Nibouche
Keyword(s):  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Reunion Island ◽  
Island Populations ◽  
Mango Tree ◽  
Réunion Island ◽  
Mango Leaves ◽  
Diapause Incidence ◽  
Diapause Duration

AbstractThe mango blossom gall midge, Procontarinia mangiferae, is a multivoltine species that induces galls in inflorescences and leaves of the mango tree, Mangifera indica. In subtropical Reunion Island, populations of P. mangiferae are observed all-year round, but the pattern and the role of dormancy in their life cycle have never been documented. We performed field and laboratory experiments using more than 15,000 larvae. We demonstrated that a larval diapause may affect a part of the midge population, regardless of the season. The total duration of the diapause varied from 6 weeks to more than 1 year. One year of field monitoring showed that the highest incidence of diapause was observed in larvae collected during the summer from mango leaves, where it affected approximately one-third of the individuals. This facultative diapause allows the permanent presence of P. mangiferae in the orchards. By recording diapause duration during 22 weeks under controlled conditions, we showed that high temperatures (26 °C) increased diapause duration and extended the range of the dates of diapause emergence, whereas cool temperatures (20 °C) shortened diapause duration and shortened the range of the dates of emergence from diapause. A temperature decrease from 26 to 20 °C triggered the emergence of diapausing individuals. These mechanisms ensure the synchronization of the emergence of diapausing individuals with the appearance of mango inflorescences, which is also induced by cool winter temperatures.

scholarly journals Heat unit accumulation and inflorescence and fruit development in ‘Ubá’ mango trees grown in Visconde do Rio Branco-MG

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Moreira Carvalho Lemos ◽  
Luiz Carlos Chamhum Salomão ◽  
Dalmo Lopes de Siqueira ◽  
Olinto Liparini Pereira ◽  
Paulo Roberto Cecon
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Developmental Cycle ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Heat Units ◽  
Mango Tree ◽  
Apical Bud

Abstract There are little information in the scientific literature on flowering and fruiting of ‘Ubá’ mango trees. These information enables to know the proportion of hermaphrodite flowers in inflorescence, fruit set percentage and developmental stages of the fruit. In this study evaluations on inflorescence and fruit development of the ‘Ubá’ mango tree (Mangifera indica L.) were carried out, as well as the determination of the required number of heat units for full fruit development. Thirty branches whose terminal buds were swollen were selected from five mango trees. With the aid of a camera and a caliper, the panicle and fruit development were evaluated weekly until full fruit development. A digital thermometer was used to record ambient temperatures during fruit development in order to estimate the number of heat units required for complete development of the fruits. Male and hermaphrodite flowers of the panicles were also identified and counted. The developmental cycle of ‘Ubá’ mango from the beginning of apical bud swelling to commercial harvest of the fruit lasted 168 days in 2011 and 154 days in 2012. The number of hermaphrodite flowers and the percentage of fruit set in the inflorescence in 2011 were 32.3 and 0.066%, respectively; and 122.1 and 0.099% in 2012, respectively. There was accumulation of 3,173 heat units from flower bud swelling to full development of the ‘Ubá’ mangoes.

scholarly journals First report of Berkeleyomyces basicola causing mango root rot and decline in India

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prabhat Kumar Shukla ◽  
Tahseen Fatima ◽  
Nidhi Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Ceratocystis Fimbriata ◽  
First Report ◽  
Rdna Its2 ◽  
Mango Tree

Mango wilt has been a serious constraint in mango (Mangifera indica L.) production in several countries including India (Shukla et al. 2018). Although, several fungal pathogens have been reported associated with the disease, species of Ceratocystis, Verticillium and Lasiodiplodia have been found predominantly responsible for the wilt (Shukla et al. 2018). A twenty-seven-year old mango tree cv. Dashehari at Rehmankhera, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India suffered sudden wilt (Fig. 1A) during February 2020. Though, symptoms were similar to Ceratocystis wilt, no gummosis was observed on trunk or branches which occurred in the majority of Ceratocystis fimbriata infected trees. The infected roots of the wilted tree exhibited dark brown to black discoloration in woody portions (Fig. 1B). Severely affected roots were completely rotten. Similar symptoms of root infection were observed in an additional 16 declining trees within an orchard of 120 trees total (Fig. 2). The infected hard wood samples from live roots of 16 declining and one wilted trees were utilized for isolation by placing stem tissue of discolored and normal colored tissue on surface sterilized fresh carrot discs placed in a moisture chamber (Fig. 1C) for 10 days. Out of 17 tree samples, isolates of Berkeleyomyces basicola (Berk. & Broome) W.J. Nel, Z.W. de Beer, T.A. Duong, M.J. Wingf. (Nel et al. 2018) obtained from 1 wilted and 9 declining trees were transferred to and maintained in pure culture on potato dextrose agar. Isolates were grown for 7 to 10 days at 23±1 °C temperature in the dark. The isolates were characterized by a greyish black compact mycelial colony (Fig. 1D). Two types of spores, endoconidia (phialospores) and chlamydospores (aleuriospores or amylospores) were observed under microscope. The endoconidia were hyaline, cylindrical in shape with 10 to 42 × 3 to 6 μm (n=50) in size (Fig. 1E). Chains of dark colored chlamydospores (3 to 7 spores in chain) of 24 to 52 × 10 to 12 μm (n=50) size were apparent (Fig. 1E&F). Molecular identification of the fungus isolated from the wilted tree was established by amplifying the ITS1-5.8 rDNA-ITS2 region of fungal genomic DNA and the set of ITS primers (ITS 1 and ITS4) (White et al. 1990) followed by sequencing. The sequence has been submitted to the NCBI database vide accession number MT786402. The present isolate (MT786402) shared >99 percent nucleotide similarity with other B. basicola isolates. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using the ITS1-5.8 rDNA-ITS2 sequences of other B. basicola isolates and other Thielaviopsis spp., C. fimbriata, Chalaropsis thielavioides through neighbor joining method using MEGAX software (Fig. 3) (Kumar et al. 2018). The present isolate formed a distinct cluster along with other B. basicola isolates in a separate clade. Koch's postulate was performed under a transparent polycarbonate sheet roof net house at 14.4 and 42.2 °C minimum and maximum temperatures, respectively. A 100 ml macerated culture suspension consisting of 1000 chlamydospores and endoconidia per ml suspension was inoculated in the rhizosphere of mango seedlings planted in sterilized soil filled in earthen pots, using ten replicates for inoculated and uninoculated plants. Symptoms of necrotic root tissue were observed 90 days after inoculation and were consistent with those observed in the field. The same fungus was re-isolated from infected roots and identity was confirmed. All control plants remained symptom-free and B. basicola was not isolated from the roots. Thus, we conclude that B. basicola is capable of causing root rot disease of mango. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of B. basicola causing mango root rot and decline across the globe, hitherto unreported. The extent of the root necrosis symptoms associated with mature mango trees demonstrates the potential virulence of B. basicola, although its pathogenicity risk on healthy mature trees is still unknown. However, the possibility of severe losses to the mango industry in world number one mango producer country, India cannot be ruled out, if found widespread.

scholarly journals Sublethal Concentration of Pyriproxyfen Reduces Testicular Connective Tissue Thickness in Euschistus heros Fabr. (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Janaina F. Matsumoto ◽  
Paulo S. G. Cremonez ◽  
Samuel Roggia ◽  
Angela M. F. Falleiros ◽  
Sheila M. Levy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Sublethal Concentration ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Hormone Analogue ◽  
Working Pressure ◽  
Morphometric Analyses ◽  
Euschistus Heros ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the insecticide pyriproxyfen (Tiger™ 100 CE), juvenile hormone analogue, when applied in a sublethal LC30 concentration (0.668 mL a. i. L-1), on the morphological and morphometric parameters of external and internal connective tissue (CT) of the Neotropical-brown stink bug Euschistus heros testicles. The insecticide was applied on nymphs from the 4th instar using a Potter tower with a working pressure of 82.73 kPa (12 lb pol-²) and 1 mL of the emulsion per replicate. A completely randomized experimental design was used, consisting of two treatments (control and pyriproxyfen-treated), five repetitions, and 10 adults of E. heros per experimental unit. The insects were maintained under controlled conditions until the emergence of adults. After 48 h of emergence of adults, the testicles were collected, fixed, and processed for morphological and morphometric analyses. A change was observed in the collagen fibers of the CT of treated insects when compared with those of controls. It was also observed that both types of CT (dense irregular and loose) over the internal tunic of the treated insect were thinner than those in control insects. The analysis showed that pyriproxyfen significantly reduced the external and internal CT width and the conformation of its fibers in all the observed regions when compared with the controls; this may affect the production of the three different types of sperm present in this species.

scholarly journals Pentatomids associated with blackberry

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-261
Author(s):  
Mauricio Paulo Batistella Pasini ◽  
Alessandro Dal'Col Lúcio
Keyword(s):  
Rio Grande ◽  
Nezara Viridula ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Stink Bugs ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Dark Brown Spot ◽  
Euschistus Heros ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
Piezodorus Guildinii

Information concerning the presence of stink bugs in blackberry (Rubus spp.) in Brazil is sparse. This study aimed to identify the stink bug species associated with blackberry, to establish the daily dynamics and evaluate the fruits damage. The experiment was conducted in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, in blackberry orchard. Presence and evaluations of stink bugs were done weekly through visual and sweeping samplings at different day times. Five species of pentatomids were identified: Piezodorus guildinii, Nezara viridula, Euschistus heros, Dichelops furcatus and Edessa meditabunda. The bugs attack the drupelets producing a dark brown spot and wrinkled berries.

Mangifera indica (mango).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval ◽  
Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Multipurpose Tree ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Mango Tree ◽  
Multipurpose Tree Species ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract M. indica is not important as a forest tree as it is seldom found in abundance in forests, but wherever the tree is available it is exploited. It is a multipurpose tree species providing shelterbelts, firewood, timber, fruits, cattle fodder, green manure and medicine. It is primarily used for its edible fruits and extensive plantations have been established throughout the tropics and sub-tropics, under numerous cultivars providing good income for mango growers. Various parts of the mango tree are used in traditional medicines. It also has great significance in Hindu religious ceremonies (Kostermans and Bompard, 1993).

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