scholarly journals Intervening factors in the costs of fluoridation in water supply systems: a case study in seven population sizes

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 785-791
Author(s):  
Lorrayne Belotti ◽  
Paulo Frazão
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Total Treatment Cost ◽  
Chemical Product ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
Capita Cost

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to analyze the costs of fluoridation in water supply systems of different population sizes. A case study was carried out comprising cities in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. The costs of initial installation, the chemical product, the operation of the system, and the control of fluoride levels between the years 2012 and 2017 were considered. The annual per capita cost of the treatment was calculated to estimate the fluoridation weight concerning the total expenses. The fluoridation annual per capita cost ranged from R$ 20.14 (US$ 7.23) in towns with less than two thousand inhabitants to R$ 0.39 (US$ 0.14) in cities with a population of approximately 520 thousand inhabitants. In systems that supply up to 30 thousand inhabitants, the running cost was responsible for most of the expenses, ranging from 98.2 to 84%. For cities with 520 thousand inhabitants, the costs with the chemical product corresponded to 74.7% of the expenses. Compared with the total treatment cost, the water fluoridation cost ranged from 0.2 to 0.6% for population sizes of 30 thousand inhabitants or more and varied from 1.3 to 7.3% for towns with less than 10 thousand inhabitants. Considering that the decision-making process is complex in the field of public policies, and decision-makers suffer multiple influences as for different policy alternatives, knowing the implications of population size for costs is essential for informed decision-making.

scholarly journals Functional Safety Concept to Support Hazard Assessment and Risk Management in Water-Supply Systems

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 947
Author(s):  
Barbara Tchórzewska-Cieślak ◽  
Katarzyna Pietrucha-Urbanik ◽  
Mohamed Eid
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Functional Safety ◽  
Safety Concept ◽  
Safety Systems ◽  
Supply Systems

Within the frame of upgrading and modernisation of the Water Supply System (WSS), our work is focussing on the safety systems/devices implemented or that should be implemented in the WSS. The implementation of safety systems is supposed to reduce hazard occurrence and hazardous consequences in case of a WSS unsafe disruption. To assess this reduction, we preconise the use of the safety integrity levels standards. The implementation of the safety systems/devices is undertaken on the ground of the multi-barriers safeguard approach. The “Water Contamination Hazard” is considered in the paper. A case study is presented, assessed and conclusions are drawn. The methodology presented in the paper and the results of the case study assessment will contribute to the decision-making regarding the upgrading of the safety and the performance of the WSS.

Management of water supply systems from interbasin transfers: case study in the Brazilian semiarid region

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
José Almir Cirilo ◽  
Alfredo Ribeiro Neto ◽  
Nyadja Menezes Rodrigues Ramos ◽  
Carla Fernanda Fortunato ◽  
Júlia Daniele Silva de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid ◽  
Interbasin Transfers ◽  
Supply Systems

scholarly journals Energy Recovery Using Micro-Hydropower Technology in Water Supply Systems: The Case Study of the City of Fribourg

Water ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Samora ◽  
Pedro Manso ◽  
Mário Franca ◽  
Anton Schleiss ◽  
Helena Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
The City

scholarly journals Sustainability assessment and environmental impacts of water supply systems: a case study in Tampa Bay water supply system

2021 ◽  
Vol 308 ◽  
pp. 01010
Author(s):  
Shen Yizhi ◽  
Wei Minrui ◽  
Hou Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Tampa Bay ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Supply Systems

Due to the accelerated industrial and urbanization development, climate change, and increasing populations and life quality expectations, the issue of drinking water shortage has raised much public awareness. The desalination system has been widely applied to accommodate the growing demand for clean water resources despite the continuous concerns about its relatively higher energy consumption and environmental footprints. This research conducted a case study in the Tampa Bay Regional Surface Water Treatment Plant and Tampa Bay Seawater Desalination Plant in Florida, U.S. It analysed the performance and environmental impacts of conventional and desalination water supply systems on three sides: energy consumption, carbon footprint, and solid waste. Potential negative effects of both water supply systems are generally associated with surface water ecology, groundwater aquifers, coastal environment, and marine organisms. Various environmental impact mitigation plans have been proposed to prevent or restore the detriments caused by carbon dioxide emissions, plant construction, and concentrated brine discharge. Due to the deficiency in freshwater resources, desalination technology is more promising through proper regulations and regional sustainable development.

Minimization of losses in water supply systems: strategy definition in a Portuguese case study

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 24-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Machado ◽  
T. Carvalho ◽  
C. Cupido ◽  
M.C. Almeida ◽  
H. Alegre
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Supply Systems

scholarly journals Dimensionless curves of centrifugal pumps for water supply systems: development and case study

RBRH ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jóice Cristini Kuritza ◽  
Giovani Camponogara ◽  
Marcelo Giulian Marques ◽  
Daniela Guzzon Sanagiotto ◽  
Cristiane Battiston
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Centrifugal Pumps ◽  
Water Pumping ◽  
Performance Curves ◽  
Supply Systems

ABSTRACT Centrifugal pumps are widely used in water supply systems and account for more than 90% of the electricity consumption of water pumping stations. Studies that seek to generalize the characterization of performance curves of centrifugal pumps are extremely useful. A study was carried out on the dimensionless characteristics of the operating conditions of centrifugal pumps for preliminary design estimations of water supply systems aiming at energy efficiency. The research consisted of the analysis of performance curves of centrifugal pumps from which data was collected regarding the point of maximum yield (PMY). The curves and the equations obtained were made dimensionless so that the information could be extrapolated to other situations. A case study was conducted in the Water Supply System of Vale Campus of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) to demonstrate the application of those equations and curves developed. The dimensionless equations were useful to determine which discharge should be adopted so that the system would be more efficient hydro and energetically and, also, to determine how much more energy would be consumed in the case of alteration of the point of operation of the pump by a throttling valve.

scholarly journals The information and computing complex “ANGARA-VS” for end-to-end modeling of water supply systems when developing development schemes, scheduling modes, and dispatching management

2018 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 06001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Alexeev ◽  
Nikolay Novitsky
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Supply Networks ◽  
Water Supply Networks ◽  
Management And Development ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
End To End ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
Operational Modes

The paper presents a brief description of the problems of making technological decisions to manage the development and functioning of water supply networks in conditions of territorial, structural, and temporal disconnection of the decision-making processes at WKX enterprises. An approach to overcome such problems is proposed, based on the application of end-to-end modeling technologies and a single information space of the enterprise based on the application of the ANGARA-VS information and computing complex. Its brief characteristics and functions are given. The experience of automation of development of operational modes and dispatching management and development of perspective schemes of water supply in Municipal Unitary Enterprise "Vodokanal", Irkutsk.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document