scholarly journals Frequency of the anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase immunological marker in patients with diabetes duration longer than three years in southern Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Carolina Moreira ◽  
Gustavo Müller Lara ◽  
Rafael Linden ◽  
Luciane Rosa Feksa ◽  
Rejane Giacomelli Tavares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
The Mean

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The anti-GAD (glutamic acid decarboxylase) antibody is considered to be an important marker for type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1), with frequency that varies depending on the population studied and the duration of the disease. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the frequency of this autoantibody in a group of patients in southern Brazil with DM1 that had been diagnosed more than three years previously. DESIGN AND SETTING: Analytical cross-sectional study with a control group conducted at the Biomedicine Laboratory of Universidade Feevale. METHODS: This study was conducted between June 2007 and December 2008, and 109 individuals were enrolled during this period. Fifty-eight were DM1 patients and 51 were individuals free from DM1 and without any history of diabetes, who constituted the control group. RESULTS: In the DM1 group, the mean age was 27 ± 1.7 years and 50% were men. The mean fasting blood glucose in the DM1 group was 208 ± 15 mg/dl and mean HbA1c (glycosylated hemoglobin) was 8.7 ± 0.25%. In the control group, the mean fasting blood glucose and HbA1c were 82 mg/dl and 5.0% respectively. Thirty-seven individuals with DM1 (63.8%) were positive for anti-GAD, and this proportion was significantly larger than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: These results show the high prevalence of anti-GAD in the population of diabetic patients in southern Brazil, thus indicating that the antibody was still present a long time after the disease had been diagnosed.

scholarly journals Fenofibrate decreased microalbuminuria in the type 2 diabetes patients with hypertriglyceridemia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaomeng Sun ◽  
Jia Liu ◽  
Guang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Fenofibrate Treatment

Abstract Background: This study was to research the efficacy of fenofibrate in the treatment of microalbuminuria in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertriglyceridemia. Methods: Type 2 diabetic patients (56) with microalbuminuria and hypertriglyceridemia aged 30 to 75 were randomly divided into the fenofibrate treatment group(n=28) and the control group (n=28) for 180 days. Urinary microalbumin /creatinine ratio (UACR) and other metabolic parameters were compared at baseline, during treatment and after treatment. Results: After 180 days, the reduction of levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in two groups were no differences. In treatment group, uric acid (UA) (296.42 ± 56.41 vs 372.46 ± 72.78), triglyceride (TG) [1.51(1.17, 2.06) vs 3.04(2.21, 3.29)], and UACR [36.45 (15.78,102.41) vs 129.00 (53.00, 226.25)] were significantly decreased compared with the baseline. The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were significantly increased (1.22 ± 0.26 vs 1.09 ± 0.24) compared with the baseline. The decrease in UACR [-44.05(-179.47, -12.16) vs -8.15(-59.69, 41.94)]in treatment group was significantly higher compared with the control group. The decrease in UACR was positively associated with the decreases in TG ( r = 0.447, P = 0.042) and UA ( r = 0.478, P = 0.024) after fenofibrate treatment. Conclusion: In the patients with hypertriglyceridemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus, fenofibrate can improve microalbuminuria and do not increase the deterioration of glomerular filtration rate

scholarly journals The Effect of A New Mixture of Sugar and Sugar-Alcohol (Lacritose) on Blood Glucose and Lipids and the Possible Adverse Reactions in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Triple-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Rahmanian ◽  
Zohreh Mozafari ◽  
Danial Chaleshi ◽  
Marzieh Shukohifar ◽  
Saeedeh Jam-Ashkezari
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Diabetes Research

Background: A new sweetener with the commercial name of Lacritose has been recently produced, which is a combination of four simple sugars (lactose, fructose, sucrose, erythritol), with specific ingredients and percentages. This study aimed to assess glycemic response and short term gastrointestinal reactions in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: In this triple-blind randomized clinical trial, 30 diabetic patients referred to Yazd Diabetes Research Center in 2018 were included. After collecting the primary data, they were assigned into three groups, including sucrose consumers as the control group, sucrose-lactose, and lacritose as the groups of consumers group. They were followed for two weeks, and fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2-hour postprandial test (2HPP), fructose amine, SGOT, SGPT, urea, creatinine, and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were assessed. Results: In lacritose consumers, significant reductions were seen in FBG and 2HPP (P < 0.001 and P = 0.05, respectively), although changes among the groups were not significant. In sucrose-lacritose consumers, FBG and cholesterol levels decreased (P = 0.04 and P = 0.03, respectively). In sucrose consumers, no reduction was seen. HOMA-IR did not significantly decrease, but intergroup changes were obvious. Conclusion: The lacritose effects on FBG and 2HPP were significantly evident, but the other metabolic indices did not show any significant change.

scholarly journals Effects of Marine Drug Propylene Glycol Alginate Sodium Sulfate on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-154
Author(s):  
Haiyue Liang ◽  
Qun Liu ◽  
Yonghong Xiu
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Sodium Sulfate ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Propylene Glycol Alginate

Previous studies have shown that marine drug propylene glycol alginate sodium sulfate (PSS) plays important roles in human diseases. This study mainly explored the effects of PSS on hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in diabetic db/db mouse models. The db/db mice were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=12), which were model control group (distilled water), positive control group (metformin), PSS low, medium, and high dose groups (PSS25, PSS50, PSS100) and normal control group (C57/BL, distilled water). The mice in each group had free diet and water for 90 days. During the experiment, food intake was recorded every day and body weight was recorded weekly. In addition, fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels were measured regularly. Finally, the contents of triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c) and total cholesterol (TC) in the serum of mice were determined. PSS can significantly reduce fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels in db/db mice, and improve insulin sensitivity. Moreover, PSS can reduce the fat accumulation of db/db mice and significantly improve the blood lipid level of db/db mice. PSS can significantly improve the symptoms of glucose and lipid metabolism disorders in db/db mice.

The Insulin Regimen That Works

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-168
Author(s):  
Svitlana Crawley ◽  
Susan Chaney
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Insulin Therapy ◽  
Nurse Practitioners ◽  
Basal Insulin ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Insulin Regimen ◽  
Acting Insulin ◽  
Antihyperglycemic Therapy

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus requires monitoring patients’ glycemic control. Treatment must be escalated if glucose levels remain above the recommended goal in patients who are adherent to their current treatment. If glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels remain unmet with maximum doses as recommended by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) after adding basal insulin, but fasting blood glucose is at goal, one to three injections daily of rapid-acting insulin are typically added to the treatment plan to be injected prior to meals while continuing all other antihyperglycemic medications. Objective: To describe an effective method of intensifying insulin therapy based on patients’ needs and abilities to self-manage their medications. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the case of a patient who was referred to the Endocrinology Specialty Clinic for diabetes management. Results: Diabetes control was improved after intensifying insulin therapy by adding once-daily rapid-acting insulin injections. Conclusions: Intensifying insulin therapy by adding one dose of rapid-acting insulin prior to meals can improve HbA1c to < 7% in patients on maximum doses of basal insulin whose fasting blood glucose is at goal but whose HbA1c is above goal. Implications for Nursing: Nurse practitioners must use current care guidelines supported by evidence-based literature to improve patients’ outcomes. This case study supports ADA recommendations on early intensification of antihyperglycemic therapy in diabetic patients to decrease the risk of complications by achieving and maintaining HbA1c goals early.

scholarly journals No Specific Reactivity to E. Coli Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase from Sera of Newly-Diagnosed Insulin Dependent Diabetic Patients

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-138
Author(s):  
C. Konidaris ◽  
P.G. Mitlianga ◽  
G.K. Papadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
E Coli

The 65 kD isoform of Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (GAD), is one of the major autoantigens in human type 1 diabetes mellitus. This enzyme shares aminoacid identity, in select regions already determined as antigenic with its counterpart from E. coli. We tested the reactivity of diabetic and normal sera and an E. coli GAD-specific monoclonal antibody (2D9) to E. coli GAD by solid phase and competition ELISA, as well as immunoblotting to check for cross-reactivity of autoantibodies to the two antigens. Specific antibodies for E. coli GAD are present in diabetics and normal subjects without any differences in frequency and titer. The reactivity of such antibodies in ELISA could be blocked in a dose-dependent manner by the addition of excess antigen in the liquid phase. Furthermore, the monoclonal antibody against E. coli GAD does not recognise human recombinant GAD65 in an ELISA. We conclude that there is no basis for cross-reactivity between the two antigens, and antibody reactivity to GAD65 in man cannot arise from cross-reactivity to the E. coli enzyme.

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