scholarly journals Acute respiratory infections in children

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Anthony Hart ◽  
Luis E. Cuevas
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Pneumocystis Jiroveci ◽  
Micronutrient Intake ◽  
Micro Array ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Human Coronaviruses ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The Impact

Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are the leading cause of mortality in children under five years of age worldwide and most of these deaths are due to bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Recent evidence from studies using genome detection systems such as polymerase chain reaction or micro-array technology show that, in most cases, these deaths are caused or precipitated by viruses. In this paper, the definitions of upper and lower respiratory tract infections are reviewed. The principal signs of disease severity and the burden of viruses as causes of ARI are described. The prominent role of Respiratory Syncytial Virus is stressed, with data from epidemiological and clinical studies. Other important viral pathogens, such as Human Metapneumovirus, Human coronaviruses and Influenza are examined. The role of newly described viruses, such as bocavirus, is also discussed. The impact of HIV/AIDS in ARI burden and presentation assessed and the weight of Pneumocystis jiroveci and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections is recognized. It is concluded that there is an urgent need to improve diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccines, as well as macro and micronutrient intake of children of the world, particularly in developing countries.

scholarly journals Additional Diagnostic Yield of Adding Serology to PCR in Diagnosing Viral Acute Respiratory Infections in Kenyan Patients 5 Years of Age and Older

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Feikin ◽  
M. Kariuki Njenga ◽  
Godfrey Bigogo ◽  
Barrack Aura ◽  
Stella Gikunju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Diagnostic Yield ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Paired Sample ◽  
Parainfluenza Viruses ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Etiologic Diagnosis

ABSTRACTThe role of serology in the setting of PCR-based diagnosis of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) is unclear. We found that acute- and convalescent-phase paired-sample serologic testing increased the diagnostic yield of naso/oropharyngeal swabs for influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus, adenovirus, and parainfluenza viruses beyond PCR by 0.4% to 10.7%. Although still limited for clinical use, serology, along with PCR, can maximize etiologic diagnosis in epidemiologic studies.

Survey of WU and KI polyomaviruses, coronaviruses, respiratory syncytial virus and parechovirus in children under 5 years of age in Tehran, Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahimeh Sadat Aghamirmohammadali ◽  
Kaveh Sadeghi ◽  
Nazanin Zahra Shafiei-Jandaghi ◽  
Zahra Khoban ◽  
Talat Mokhtari-Azad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Viral Pathogen ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections

Background and Objectives: Severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) remain an important cause for childhood morbid- ity worldwide. We designed a research with the objective of finding the frequency of respiratory viruses, particularly WU and KI polyomaviruses (WUPyV & KIPyV), human coronaviruses (HCoVs), human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) and human parechovirus (HPeV) in hospitalized children who were influenza negative. Materials and Methods: Throat swabs were collected from children younger than 5 years who have been hospitalized for SARI and screened for WUPyV, KIPyV, HCoVs, HRSV and HPeV using Real time PCR. Results: A viral pathogen was identified in 23 (11.16%) of 206 hospitalized children with SARI. The rate of virus detection was considerably greater in infants <12 months (78.2%) than in older children (21.8%). The most frequently detected vi- ruses were HCoVs with 7.76% of positive cases followed by KIPyV (2%) and WUPyV (1.5%). No HPeV and HRSV were detected in this study. Conclusion: This research shown respiratory viruses as causes of childhood acute respiratory infections, while as most of mentioned viruses usually causes mild respiratory diseases, their frequency might be higher in outpatient children. Mean- while as HRSV is really sensitive to inactivation due to environmental situations and its genome maybe degraded, then for future studies, we need to use fresh samples for HRSV detection. These findings addressed a need for more studies on viral respiratory tract infections to help public health.

Role of Human Coronaviruses in Acute Respiratory Infections and Seroprevalence of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus in children

2020 ◽  
Vol EJMM29 (4) ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
Ghada A. Fahmy ◽  
Dina M. Erfan ◽  
Sondos M. Magdy ◽  
Rania A. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Pediatric Age Group ◽  
Human Coronaviruses ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Low Prevalence

Background: Coronaviruses have been the focus of many studies since the emergence of SARS-CoV. Data on the role of MERS-CoV in respiratory tract infection and the seroprevalence of MERS-CoV in Egypt are limited. Objective: This study aimed to determine the role of coronaviruses in respiratory tract infections and the seroprevalence of MERS-CoV in pediatric age group. Methodology: Respiratory samples were collected from 80 children with respiratory infections for detection of coronaviruses using PCR technique. Serum samples were collected from 200 children for detection of MERS-CoV IgG immunolglobulins. Results: 4 out of 80 (5%) of the respiratory samples tested positive for coronavirus (OC43 subtype). None of respiratory samples tested positive for MERS-CoV, while MERS-CoV IgG was detected in 1% of serum samples.Conclusion: A low prevalence of coronaviruses was observed in children with respiratory infection. A seroprevalence of 1% MERS-CoV was detected. Further studies are recommended on larger scale.

scholarly journals Human Coronaviruses HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-HKU1 in Hospitalized Children with Acute Respiratory Infections in Beijing, China

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Jin Cui ◽  
Chen Zhang ◽  
Ting Zhang ◽  
Rou-Jian Lu ◽  
Zheng-De Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Nucleoprotein Gene ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Human Coronaviruses ◽  
Beijing China

The human coronaviruses (HCoVs) HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-HKU1 are two recently discovered coronaviruses that circulate widely and are associated with acute respiratory infections (ARI). We detected HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-HKU1 in specimens collected from May 2008 to March 2010 from patients with ARI aged <7.75 years of age attending the Beijing Children's Hospital. Thirty-two (8.4%) and 57 (14.9%) of 382 specimens tested positive for HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-HKU1, respectively, by real-time RT-PCR. Use of a Luminex xTAG RVP Fast kit showed that coinfection with respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza 3 virus was common among patients infected with either virus type. In HCoV-HKU1-infected patients, the predominant clinical symptoms were cough, fever, and expectoration. In HCoV-NL63-infected patients they were cough, fever, and rhinorrhea. Phylogenetic studies showed that the HCoV-HKU1 nucleoprotein gene was relatively conserved compared to NCBI reference sequences, while the 1ab gene of HCoV-NL63 showed more variation.

scholarly journals The return of the RSV

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Ferrero ◽  
Maria Ossorio ◽  
Maria Rial
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
The Impact

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) hospitalizations disappear in 2020. Now, with winter 2021 completely over in southern hemisphere, RSV has returned. Despite it is difficult to measure the impact of pandemic mitigation measures, it appears that the acute respiratory infections in pediatrics are returning to their usual epidemiology.

Role of natural and synthetic immunotropic agents in the prevention of acute respiratory infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-138
Author(s):  
G.G. Maryin ◽  
◽  
A.V. Tutelyan ◽  
O.A. Gruzdeva ◽  
Yu.A. Goloverova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Nonspecific Resistance ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
Tract Infections

Respiratory tract infections (influenza, acute respiratory infections (ARIs), community-acquired pneumonia, etc.) pose a serious threat to organized groups (including military personnel, cadets, students of military universities, and schools). The most common complication of ARI is community-acquired pneumonia, severe forms of which may result in an unfavorable outcome. The use of some drugs, such as Carmolis ensures a 2.0–3.8 times reduction in the incidence of ARIs in organized groups and a 2.3–3.0 times reduction in the incidence of community-acquired pneumonia. Carmolis has a pronounced non-specific protective effect and increases resistance to respiratory tract infections by promoting nonspecific resistance of the organism. This prevents significant economic damage and reduces the number of complications and poor outcomes. Keywords: organized groups, biological and social emergencies, respiratory tract infections, community-acquired pneumonia, acute respiratory infections, coronavirus infection, Carmolis, non-specific resistance, non-specific prevention of acute respiratory infections, epidemiological effectiveness

scholarly journals The return of the RSV

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Ferrero ◽  
Maria Ossorio ◽  
Maria Rial
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Common Respiratory Virus ◽  
The Impact

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) hospitalizations disappeared in 2020. Now, with southern hemisphere 2021 winter behind us, RSV has returned. Despite it is difficult to weigh the impact of pandemic mitigation measures on common respiratory virus circulation, it appears that acute respiratory infections in children are returning to their usual epidemiology.

scholarly journals Application of probiotics for acute respiratory tract infections

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oxana Zolnikova ◽  
Inna Komkova ◽  
Nino Potskherashvili ◽  
Alexander Trukhmanov ◽  
Vladimir Ivashkin
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Gut Microflora ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Inflammatory Immune Response ◽  
Probiotic Mechanisms ◽  
Tract Infections

We have reviewed the currently published results on a role of the gut microflora in a prevention of acute respiratory infections. The main biological properties of probiotic bacteria are presented in a context of their modulating activity on an inflammatory immune response. Available data on the reduction of a possible risk, duration, and severity of respiratory infection symptoms during a probiotic medication intake were analyzed. Potential antiviral probiotic mechanisms have been reviewed and discussed.

scholarly journals Human coronaviruses in persons with acute respiratory infections in Ghana

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
Prince K Parbie ◽  
Julius AA Mingle ◽  
Michael Ntiri ◽  
Michael Adjabeng ◽  
Kofi Bonney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Human Coronaviruses ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARI) remain a leading cause of morbidity, mortality, and economic loss globally. Until recently, human coronaviruses (HCoVs) have been mainly associated with mild respiratory tract infections. The 2003 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), since 2012, illustrate the potential of coronaviruses to cause severe disease. Objective: This study investigated the presence of human coronaviruses in acute respiratory illness in Ghana. Methods: As part of routine influenza surveillance, nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal (NP/OP) swabs obtained from 200 patients (100 hospital inpatients and 100 outpatients) with Influenza-like-illness from sentinel health facilities in Ghana from January 2013 to March 2014, were screened for the presence of HCoVs at the National Influenza Center using real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assays. Results: Human CoVs were detected in 7(3.5%) out of 200 cases investigated: HCo V HKU1 in 3 patient, HCo V 229E in 2 patients, HCo V OC43 in 1patient, and HCo V NL63 in 1 patient. No co-infection with HCoV types was detected. Out of 7 patients with HCoV infections, 6 were aged 5 yr. or greater.Also, HCoVs were detected more frequently in outpatients (5/100) than in hospitalized patients (2/100) with acute respiratory tract infections, though statistically insignificant (p>0.005). None of the respiratory specimens tested were positive for MERS-CoV, indicating the absence of MERS-CoV infection in Ghana between January 2013 and March 2014. Conclusion: This work provides an important reference point for coronavirus infections in humans in Ghana noting the current concern on the 2019 novel coronavirus.

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