scholarly journals Genotoxicity on Tradescantia pallida var. purpurea plants exposed to urban and rural environments in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre, southern Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 801-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
GM. Costa ◽  
A. Droste
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Urban Site ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Tradescantia Pallida

The Trad-MCN bioassay was used to investigate the genotoxicity on Tradescantia pallida var. purpurea plants exposed to variations in the environmental conditions in urban and rural sites in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre, southern Brazil, over a one-year period. In spring 2009 and in summer, autumn and winter 2010, potted plants of T. pallida var. purpurea were exposed at two sites with different characteristics: the urban area of the municipality of Estância Velha, with leather and footwear industrial activity, and a Site of Special Environmental Interest in the rural area of the municipality of Novo Hamburgo. Other plants comprised the control group and were kept indoors. Frequencies of micronuclei (MCN) were determined in early tetrads of pollen mother cells and expressed as MCN/100 tetrads. Climate data were also registered during the experiment. MCN frequencies in the urban area were significantly higher (up to 8.13) than those found in the rural area (up to 1.26) and in the control group (up to 1.10), which did not differ statistically from each other over the year. The higher MCN frequencies observed in the urban site can be attributed to air pollution, but also may have been influenced by microclimatic and daily thermal variation differences between sites. Higher temperatures recorded in spring and summer may have influenced MCN frequencies observed in the urban site. No clear relation was observed between rainfall and MCN frequencies. Similar and high relative humidity percentages were registered over the period of the study. Considering that the bioindicator plant presents an integrated response to abiotic factors such as pollutants and weather conditions, it can be used as an additional tool that can point to synergistic effects of environmental variables on organisms.

scholarly journals COMPARAÇÃO DA EFICÁCIA DE TÉCNICAS DE NUCLEAÇÃO PARA RESTAURAÇÃO DE ÁREA DEGRADADA NO SUL DO BRASIL

FLORESTA ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzane Bevilacqua Marcuzzo ◽  
Gislene Ganade ◽  
Maristela Machado Araújo ◽  
Marlove Fátima Brião Muniz
Keyword(s):  
Efficient Method ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Degraded Area ◽  
Exotic Vegetation ◽  
Remnant Forest

O desenvolvimento de grandes centros urbanos em áreas naturais resultou na supressão e degradação de florestas. A fim de obter ferramentas para implantação de programas de restauração nessas áreas, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência de diferentes técnicas nucleadoras sobre os fatores bióticos e abióticos que limitam a regeneração natural, em uma área degradada em remanescente de floresta, no perímetro rural-urbano de Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. O experimento foi conduzido em blocos inteiramente casualizados, em esquema fatorial, composto pelos seguintes tratamentos: Controle (C), Transposição de Solo (TS), Resíduos da Arborização Urbana Triturados (RT), Transposição de Solo misturado aos Resíduos da Arborização Urbana Triturado (TS+RT) e Poleiros Artificiais. Durante 12 meses, foi avaliada a abundância e riqueza de plântulas estabelecidas, e por sete meses, a chuva de sementes em coletores. Os resultados indicam que a transposição de solo foi o método mais eficiente para restauração da área degradada em estudo. Adicionalmente, a utilização de poleiros artificiais se mostrou eficiente, indicando tendência de aumento da riqueza florística e de sementes dispersas. No entanto, a vegetação exótica da área urbana apresentou forte influência na composição florística, cuja sucessão terá trajetória diferente da vegetação original.Palavras-chave: Nucleação; poleiros artificiais; arborização urbana; transposição de solo.AbstractComparison of nucleation techniques effectiveness for degraded area restoring in Southern Brazil. The development of large urban centers in natural areas resulted in abolition and degradation of forests. In order to obtain tools for restoring programs development in such areas, this study aimed to evaluate efficiency of different nucleus techniques in relation to biotic and abiotic factors which limit natural regeneration in a depressed area of remnant forest in rural-urban perimeter of Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. The experiment was conducted in randomized blocks, in factorial disposition, composed of the following treatments: Control (C), Transposition of Soil (TS), crushed waste of urban afforestation (RT), Transposition of soil mixed to crushed waste of urban afforestation (TS+RT), and artificial perches. During 12 months,  abundance and richness of seedlings laid down were evaluated and for seven months the seed rain in sinks. Results point that the soil transposition was the most efficient method for restoration of the degraded area. Additionally, artificial perches using proved to be efficient, pointing to wealth increase trend and floristic wealth of dispersed seeds. However, the exotic vegetation of the urban area has strong influences on floristic composition, whose succession will have different trajectory of original vegetation.Keywords: Artificial perches; nucleation; urban afforestation; soil transposition. 

scholarly journals Fauna de Coleoptera Associada a Carcaças de Coelhos Expostas em uma Área Urbana no Sul do Brasil

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-189
Author(s):  
Richard Cordeiro da Silva ◽  
Wellington Emanuel dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Oryctolagus Cuniculus ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Significant Difference

Estudo da fauna de Coleoptera associada a carcaças de coelhos, Oryctolagus cuniculus Linnaeus (Lagomorpha, Leporidae), durante o verão de 2010 e o inverno de 2011, em uma área urbana do norte do Paraná, sul do Brasil, é apresentado. Para captura dos coleópteros foram utilizadas armadilhas do tipo bandeja, pitfall e Shannon modificada. Foram coletados 236 coleópteros pertencentes a 12 famílias e pelo menos 25 espécies. Staphylinidae (52,5%) e Histeridae (26,7%) foram as famílias mais abundantes em ambas as estações, representadas principalmente por Aleochara bonariensis Lynch e Euspilotus “grupo” azureus sp., respectivamente. Entre as estações, tanto a decomposição das carcaças quanto a sucessão da coleopterofauna de interesse forense ocorreram de forma distinta, devido à variação expressiva dos fatores abióticos. Durante o inverno, a maioria dos indivíduos de Euspilotus "grupo" azureus sp. (96,8%) foi capturada no estágio de Putrefação Escura, revelando uma associação a esse estágio. Apesar da sazonalidade do ambiente, não houve diferença significativa da abundância dos coleópteros mais coletados, nem da coleopterofauna em geral, entre as estações. Coleoptera Fauna Associated with Rabbit Carcasses Exposed in an Urban Area in Southern Brazil Abstract. Study of Coleoptera fauna associated with rabbit carcasses, Oryctolagus cuniculus Linnaeus (Lagomorpha, Leporidae), during the summer of 2010 and winter of 2011, is present at an urban area of Northern Paraná State, Southern Brazil. To capture the beetles were used pan, pitfall and modified Shannon traps. We collected 236 beetles belonging to 12 families and at least 25 species. Staphylinidae (52.5%) and Histeridae (26.7%) were the most abundant families in both seasons represented mainly by Aleochara bonariensis Lynch and Euspilotus "group" azureus sp., respectively. Among the seasons, both the decomposition of the carcasses and the succession of coleopterofauna of forensic interest occurred differently due to significant variation of abiotic factors. During the winter, most individuals of Euspilotus "group" azureus sp. (96.8%) was captured at the stage of Black Putrefaction, showing an association at this stage. Despite the environment seasonality, there wasn’t significant difference of the abundance among seasons by main beetles neither by coleopterofauna.

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal distribution of Pseudis minuta (Anura, Hylidae, Hylinae) and environmental variables related to its reproductive activity in Reserva Biológica do Lami, southern Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Zank ◽  
Marcos Di-Bernardo ◽  
Raúl Maneyro ◽  
Patrick Colombo ◽  
Luciana A. Fusinatto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Abiotic Variables ◽  
Temperature Water ◽  
Pseudis Minuta

We studied the reproductive biology of a population of Pseudis minuta Günther, 1858 from Reserva Biológica do Lami (30º 15' S; 51º 05' W), Porto Alegre, southern Brazil. We assessed the spatial and temporal distribution of individuals (males, females, juveniles) and explored potential relationships with environmental variables. Field activities encompassed bimonthly surveys in three semi-permanent ponds, each one during approximately two days and two nights, from August 2004 to July 2005. We recorded differences in the sites used by males, females and juveniles, with males occupying deeper and more distant places from the border. The temporal distributions of individuals, calling sites and amplectant pairs indicated that the reproductive activity of P. minuta is related to some of the studied abiotic factors. Calling males presented statistical differences in relation to non-calling males for all daily abiotic variables analyzed (air temperature, water temperature, relative humidity and rainfall), as well as to monthly temperature and rainfall. The number of active males, females and juveniles was influenced by at least one of the daily or monthly environmental variables analyzed. We conclude that the reproduction in this species is seasonal and may be partially determined by abiotic factors.

scholarly journals Chromosomal polymorphism in urban populations of Drosophila paulistorum

1997 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Hugo Valiati ◽  
Vera Lucia S. Valente
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Chromosomal Polymorphism ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Recent Event ◽  
Urban Populations ◽  
Temporal Aspects ◽  
Drosophila Paulistorum

Drosophila paulistorum populations colonizing the urban area of Porto Alegre, southern Brazil, were studied with the objective of characterizing their chromosomal polymorphism in this new environment. Despite being geographically and ecologically marginal and the fact that the colonization of the urban area seems to be a recent event, the populations showed a large number of inversions on all chromosome arms. Differences regarding inversion frequencies and percentage of heterozygosis were found when we compared the samples with respect to geographical, microenvironmental and temporal aspects. Such differences, however, could be attributed to both selective and stochastic factors

scholarly journals SIXTEEN YEARS OF DERMATOMYCOSIS CAUSED BY Candida spp. IN THE METROPOLITAN AREA OF PORTO ALEGRE, SOUTHERN BRAZIL

2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiane HEIDRICH ◽  
Cheila Denise Ottonelli STOPIGLIA ◽  
Cibele Massotti MAGAGNIN ◽  
Tatiane Caroline DABOIT ◽  
Gerson VETTORATO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Candida Spp

scholarly journals Genotoxicidade do Ar Atmosférico e Epífitos Vasculares em uma Unidade de Conservação de uma Região Metropolitana no Sul do Brasil

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2515
Author(s):  
Gustavo Marques da Costa ◽  
Vanessa Graeff ◽  
Catiuscia Marcon ◽  
Ivi Galetto Mottin ◽  
Jairo Lizandro Schmitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Conservation Unit ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Vascular Epiphytes ◽  
Tradescantia Pallida ◽  
South Brazil

A genotoxicidade do ar e a composição e estrutura comunitária de epífitos vasculares foram analisadas em um fragmento de mata ciliar inserido em uma unidade de conservação localizada na região metropolitana de Porto Alegre, no sul do Brasil. Durante cinco eventos distribuídos ao longo de um ano, inflorescências de Tradescantia pallida var. purpurea foram expostas por 8 horas ao ar atmosférico na borda do fragmento e micronúcleos foram quantificados em células meióticas. Foram registradas frequências de 4,07 a 5,27 micronúcleos, caracterizando o ambiente como genotóxico. Foram inventariadas 35 espécies de epífitos vasculares, alocadas em 22 gêneros e seis famílias. Orchidaceae, Bromeliaceae, Polypodiaceae e Cactaceae foram as famílias com maior riqueza (12, nove, seis e cinco espécies, respectivamente). Microgramma vacciniifolia, Rhipsalis teres, Tillandsia aeranthos e Pleopeltis pleopeltifolia, espécies com características adaptativas a ambientes com intervenções antrópicas, concentraram mais de 50% do valor de importância epifítico total da comunidade. A riqueza de espécies foi menor quando comparada às de matas ciliares do trecho superior da bacia hidrográfica em que se encontra a unidade de conservação. A simplificação da estrutura da comunidade epifítica pode estar associada ao aumento da urbanização e da poluição atmosférica evidenciada pela genotoxicidade do ar. Atmospheric Air Genotoxicity and Vascular Epiphytes in a Conservation Unit from a Metropolitan Area in South Brazil ABSTRACTThe genotoxicity of the atmospheric air and the community structure of vascular epiphytes were analyzed in a riparian forest fragment inserted in a conservation unit located in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre, South Brazil. During five events along a year, inflorescences of Tradescantia pallida var. purpurea were exposed for 8 hours to the atmospheric air at the edge of the fragment and micronuclei were quantified in meiotic cells. Frequencies from 4.07 to 5.27 micronuclei were recorded, characterizing the environment as genotoxic. Thirty-five species of vascular epiphytes were inventoried, allocated in 22 genera and six families. Orchidaceae, Bromeliaceae, Polypodiaceae and Cactaceae were the families with the greatest richness (12, nine, six and five species, respectively). Microgramma vacciniifolia, Rhipsalis teres, Tillandsia aeranthos and Pleopeltis pleopeltifolia, species with adaptive characteristics to environments with anthropic interventions, concentrated more than 50% of the total epiphytic importance value of the community. Species richness was lower when compared to riparian forests at the upper stretch of the hydrographic basin where the conservation unit is located. The simplification of the structure of the epiphytic community may be associated with the increase in urbanization and atmospheric pollution evidenced by the genotoxicity of the air.Keywords: conservation, floristics, forest fragmentation, genotoxic potential, urbanization.

scholarly journals The frequency of dental caries in adult patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-127
Author(s):  
DS Sîmpălean ◽  
Ghiga Dana ◽  
M Petrişor ◽  
M Măruşteri ◽  
V Bacârea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Reflux Disease ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽  
Dmft Index

Abstract Introduction. The aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency of dental caries in adults patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Material and method. A cross-sectional study was performed between November 2013 and October 2014. All subjects who agreed to participate to the study were asked to complete a questionnaire regarding personal information, oral hygiene and dental evaluation. The individuals with complete false teeth (superior and inferior removable prosthetic devices) were excluded from the study. The study included 134 people divided in two groups, based on upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: a group with gastroesophageal reflux disease (71), and a control group (63). Dental evaluation was performed by a dentist blind to the diagnosis of the subjects. Dental caries were evaluated by applying the decayed, missing, and filled teeth index (DMFT index). The statistical significance was defined as p<0.05. Results. From 71 subjects included in GERD group, 33 (46.48%) were males and 38 females (53.52%) with a mean age of 44.99±11.19 (42, 59.15% from urban area and 29, 40.85%, from rural area). In the control group we included 28 (44.44%) males and 35 (55.56%) females (mean age 43.84±9.48) and 29 (46.03%) subjects were from urban area and 34 (53.97%) from rural area. DMFT index in GERD group was 19.49±4.28 and in control group 18.16±4.54 (p<0.05). Conclusions. The present study showed that there is no difference between GERD and control group, regarding the frequency of dental caries.

Perubahan Pemaknaan Peran Perempuan Muslim dalam Pengasuhan Anak di Pedesaan Kawasan Prambanan

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muryanti Muryanti
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Day Care ◽  
Rural Society ◽  
Muslim Women ◽  
Economic Reason ◽  
Domestic Worker

Muslim women worked in public sector in all variant jobs not only in urban area, but also in rural area phenomena. They had been doing it because of freedom, education, solidarity, or economic reason. When Muslim women worked in public sector, the new problems were appears, about care of children in the house as domestic work. These phenomenons were related to Indonesian’s culture and Islam perspective that believed the jobs of care of children was women burden. This article described about changing of meaning the role of Muslim women in the caring children. There were many institutions replaced care children, like day care etc. This article used qualitative research with observation and interview. The result of research, there were changing care of children in rural society. Before 2000, Muslim women were depend on family (extend family), neighbors, domestic worker, but in 2013, they prefered care of their children in the new institution (day care) because this institution gave early education to the child and save. But, majority Muslim women in this research believed that domestic works are their jobs.

scholarly journals Postharvest Burning of Crop Residues in Home Stoves in a Rural Site of Daejeon, Korea: Its Impact to Atmospheric Carbonaceous Aerosol

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Jin Sang Jung ◽  
Ji Hwan Kang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosol ◽  
Rural Site ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosols ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Crop Residue Burning ◽  
The Impact

To investigate the impact of burning postharvest crop residues in home stoves, PM2.5 samples (particulate matter with a diameter of <2.5 μm) were collected every 3 h at a rural site in Daejeon, Korea during the postharvest season in 2014. A high concentration of levoglucosan was observed with a peak value of 3.8 µg/m3 during the sampling period. The average mannosan/levoglucosan ratio (0.18) at the rural site during a severe BB episode (levoglucosan > 1 μg/m3) was similar to burnings of pepper stems (0.19) and bean stems (0.18) whereas the average OC/levoglucosan ratio (9.9) was similar to burning of pepper stems (10.0), implying that the severe BB episode was mainly attributed to burning of pepper stems. A very strong correlation was observed between levoglucosan and organic carbon (OC) (R2 = 0.81) during the entire sampling period, suggesting that the emission of organic aerosols at the rural site was strongly associated with the burning of crop residues in home stoves. The average mannosan/levoglucosan ratio (0.17 ± 0.06) in the rural area was similar to that in a nearby urban area in Daejeon (0.16 ± 0.04). It was concluded that crop residue burning in a home stove for space heating is one of the important sources of carbonaceous aerosols not only in a rural area but also in the urban area of Daejeon, Korea during the postharvest season.

scholarly journals Cryptosporidium hominis genotypes involved in increased incidence and clusters of cases, Navarra, Spain, 2012

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (5) ◽  
pp. 1033-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. FUENTES ◽  
C. MARTÍN ◽  
X. BERISTAIN ◽  
A. MAZÓN ◽  
J. M. SAUGAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
The Other ◽  
Single Exposure ◽  
Cryptosporidium Hominis ◽  
Molecular Subtyping ◽  
The Future

SUMMARYTwo clusters of confirmed cryptosporidiosis infections were detected in Navarra, Spain, in the summer of 2012, in the context of an increased incidence in the region. Molecular subtyping of Cryptosporidium hominis determined that one cluster, occurring in an urban area, was due to the predominant circulating subtype IbA10G2R2 and the other cluster, with cases occurring in a rural area, was due to a rare subtype IaA18R3. No single exposure was associated with infection, although exposure to certain children's pools was reported by a majority of patients interviewed in each cluster. Genotyping tools were useful in the investigation and could aid investigation of cryptosporidiosis outbreaks in Spain in the future.

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