scholarly journals COMPARAÇÃO DA EFICÁCIA DE TÉCNICAS DE NUCLEAÇÃO PARA RESTAURAÇÃO DE ÁREA DEGRADADA NO SUL DO BRASIL

FLORESTA ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzane Bevilacqua Marcuzzo ◽  
Gislene Ganade ◽  
Maristela Machado Araújo ◽  
Marlove Fátima Brião Muniz
Keyword(s):  
Efficient Method ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Degraded Area ◽  
Exotic Vegetation ◽  
Remnant Forest

O desenvolvimento de grandes centros urbanos em áreas naturais resultou na supressão e degradação de florestas. A fim de obter ferramentas para implantação de programas de restauração nessas áreas, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência de diferentes técnicas nucleadoras sobre os fatores bióticos e abióticos que limitam a regeneração natural, em uma área degradada em remanescente de floresta, no perímetro rural-urbano de Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. O experimento foi conduzido em blocos inteiramente casualizados, em esquema fatorial, composto pelos seguintes tratamentos: Controle (C), Transposição de Solo (TS), Resíduos da Arborização Urbana Triturados (RT), Transposição de Solo misturado aos Resíduos da Arborização Urbana Triturado (TS+RT) e Poleiros Artificiais. Durante 12 meses, foi avaliada a abundância e riqueza de plântulas estabelecidas, e por sete meses, a chuva de sementes em coletores. Os resultados indicam que a transposição de solo foi o método mais eficiente para restauração da área degradada em estudo. Adicionalmente, a utilização de poleiros artificiais se mostrou eficiente, indicando tendência de aumento da riqueza florística e de sementes dispersas. No entanto, a vegetação exótica da área urbana apresentou forte influência na composição florística, cuja sucessão terá trajetória diferente da vegetação original.Palavras-chave: Nucleação; poleiros artificiais; arborização urbana; transposição de solo.AbstractComparison of nucleation techniques effectiveness for degraded area restoring in Southern Brazil. The development of large urban centers in natural areas resulted in abolition and degradation of forests. In order to obtain tools for restoring programs development in such areas, this study aimed to evaluate efficiency of different nucleus techniques in relation to biotic and abiotic factors which limit natural regeneration in a depressed area of remnant forest in rural-urban perimeter of Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. The experiment was conducted in randomized blocks, in factorial disposition, composed of the following treatments: Control (C), Transposition of Soil (TS), crushed waste of urban afforestation (RT), Transposition of soil mixed to crushed waste of urban afforestation (TS+RT), and artificial perches. During 12 months,  abundance and richness of seedlings laid down were evaluated and for seven months the seed rain in sinks. Results point that the soil transposition was the most efficient method for restoration of the degraded area. Additionally, artificial perches using proved to be efficient, pointing to wealth increase trend and floristic wealth of dispersed seeds. However, the exotic vegetation of the urban area has strong influences on floristic composition, whose succession will have different trajectory of original vegetation.Keywords: Artificial perches; nucleation; urban afforestation; soil transposition. 

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal distribution of Pseudis minuta (Anura, Hylidae, Hylinae) and environmental variables related to its reproductive activity in Reserva Biológica do Lami, southern Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Zank ◽  
Marcos Di-Bernardo ◽  
Raúl Maneyro ◽  
Patrick Colombo ◽  
Luciana A. Fusinatto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Abiotic Variables ◽  
Temperature Water ◽  
Pseudis Minuta

We studied the reproductive biology of a population of Pseudis minuta Günther, 1858 from Reserva Biológica do Lami (30º 15' S; 51º 05' W), Porto Alegre, southern Brazil. We assessed the spatial and temporal distribution of individuals (males, females, juveniles) and explored potential relationships with environmental variables. Field activities encompassed bimonthly surveys in three semi-permanent ponds, each one during approximately two days and two nights, from August 2004 to July 2005. We recorded differences in the sites used by males, females and juveniles, with males occupying deeper and more distant places from the border. The temporal distributions of individuals, calling sites and amplectant pairs indicated that the reproductive activity of P. minuta is related to some of the studied abiotic factors. Calling males presented statistical differences in relation to non-calling males for all daily abiotic variables analyzed (air temperature, water temperature, relative humidity and rainfall), as well as to monthly temperature and rainfall. The number of active males, females and juveniles was influenced by at least one of the daily or monthly environmental variables analyzed. We conclude that the reproduction in this species is seasonal and may be partially determined by abiotic factors.

scholarly journals Dynamics of natural regeneration after disturbance in a remnant of Mixed Ombrophilous Forest in southern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Alyne Regina Ruggiero ◽  
Lauri Amândio Schorn ◽  
Kristiana Fiorentin dos Santos ◽  
Tatiele Anete Bergamo Fenilli
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Pioneer Species ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Healing Phase ◽  
Successional Species ◽  
Ombrophilous Forest ◽  
Over 40 Years

This study evaluated changes in the structure for remnant Mixed Ombrophilous Forest recovering from logging, which ceased over 40 years ago. Regarding the dynamics of the floristic composition of natural regeneration, 18 species remained (23.38% of the total) and 27 new species entered (35.06% of the total). The greatest increases were observed for Allophylus edulis, Myrsine umbellata, and Miconia cinerascens. When analyzing the dynamics of regeneration in ecological groups, it was observed that pioneer species had a similar value in both surveys (29.4% and 29.6%); secondary species decreased from 56.6% to 52.8%, and late-successional species increased from 0.2% to 6.0%. Therefore, the forest fragment studied is in a healing phase after disturbance, characterized by the increased regeneration of pioneer species as a result of sufficient light entering the interior of the forest.

scholarly journals Genotoxicity on Tradescantia pallida var. purpurea plants exposed to urban and rural environments in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre, southern Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 801-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
GM. Costa ◽  
A. Droste
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Urban Site ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Tradescantia Pallida

The Trad-MCN bioassay was used to investigate the genotoxicity on Tradescantia pallida var. purpurea plants exposed to variations in the environmental conditions in urban and rural sites in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre, southern Brazil, over a one-year period. In spring 2009 and in summer, autumn and winter 2010, potted plants of T. pallida var. purpurea were exposed at two sites with different characteristics: the urban area of the municipality of Estância Velha, with leather and footwear industrial activity, and a Site of Special Environmental Interest in the rural area of the municipality of Novo Hamburgo. Other plants comprised the control group and were kept indoors. Frequencies of micronuclei (MCN) were determined in early tetrads of pollen mother cells and expressed as MCN/100 tetrads. Climate data were also registered during the experiment. MCN frequencies in the urban area were significantly higher (up to 8.13) than those found in the rural area (up to 1.26) and in the control group (up to 1.10), which did not differ statistically from each other over the year. The higher MCN frequencies observed in the urban site can be attributed to air pollution, but also may have been influenced by microclimatic and daily thermal variation differences between sites. Higher temperatures recorded in spring and summer may have influenced MCN frequencies observed in the urban site. No clear relation was observed between rainfall and MCN frequencies. Similar and high relative humidity percentages were registered over the period of the study. Considering that the bioindicator plant presents an integrated response to abiotic factors such as pollutants and weather conditions, it can be used as an additional tool that can point to synergistic effects of environmental variables on organisms.

Coumarin Content and Physicochemical Profile of Mikania laevigata Extracts

2004 ◽  
Vol 59 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 197-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maique W. Biavatti ◽  
Cesar A. Koerich ◽  
Carlos H. Henck ◽  
Enderson Zucatelli ◽  
Fernanda H. Martineli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Efficient Method ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Weight Density ◽  
Ethanol Content ◽  
Mikania Laevigata ◽  
Method Of Extraction

The ‘guaco’ lianous herb Mikania laevigata, which is widespread in Southern Brazil, is traditionally used to treat bronchitis, asthma and cough. This work investigates the influence of the extraction method, solvent:drug ratio, ethanol proportion, harvest season (summer or winter) and solvent heating on the physicochemical profile of the extracts (dry weight, density, pH) and the coumarin (1,2-benzopyrone) content determined by LC. Among the results obtained, it is observed that higher ethanol content increases the amount of coumarin in the extract. Leaves harvested in summer also produce an extract with a high coumarin yield. The most efficient method of extraction is percolation, independent of the solvent used.

scholarly journals Appropriation and rationality in hip hop groups organization practices in Porto Alegre: an analysis on the perspective of Guerreiro Ramos

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-225
Author(s):  
Guilherme Dornelas Camara ◽  
Sueli Goulart ◽  
Rafaela Mendes Reinher
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Study ◽  
Social Action ◽  
Hip Hop ◽  
Organizational Practices ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Cultural Artifacts ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
New Science ◽  
Economic Criteria

This paper discusses the organizational practices of hip hop groups from Porto Alegre, southern Brazil, as they appropriate foreign experience and rationally guide their social action. The aim of this work is to investigate these practices, based on the formulations of Brazilian sociologist Alberto Guerreiro Ramos, as they are enunciated in the works The Sociological Reduction and The New Science of Organizations. This approach offers fruitful material to broaden the theory and may be subsidiary to this kind of socio-cultural study, explaining why it is pertinent in this field. In this sense, the hip hop movement can be viewed as valuable when it comes to understanding phenomena which, due to (and in spite of) being originally transnational, or even "foreign", act or interact worldwide. Examining the organization practices and social action of these groups also helped identify a concern with the production of cultural artifacts that represent and form a symbolism that is historically and culturally located. Another issue that was broached concerns the market since for those groups it is not a category absent from their struggles and actions, but the economic criteria are incidental in relation to their members' motivation.

scholarly journals Carbon dioxide efflux in a rhodic hapludox as affected by tillage systems in southern Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Fernando Chavez ◽  
Telmo Jorge Carneiro Amado ◽  
Cimélio Bayer ◽  
Newton Junior La Scala ◽  
Luisa Fernanda Escobar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Static System ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Dynamic Chamber

Agricultural soils can act as a source or sink of atmospheric C, according to the soil management. This long-term experiment (22 years) was evaluated during 30 days in autumn, to quantify the effect of tillage systems (conventional tillage-CT and no-till-NT) on the soil CO2-C flux in a Rhodic Hapludox in Rio Grande do Sul State, Southern Brazil. A closed-dynamic system (Flux Chamber 6400-09, Licor) and a static system (alkali absorption) were used to measure soil CO2-C flux immediately after soybean harvest. Soil temperature and soil moisture were measured simultaneously with CO2-C flux, by Licor-6400 soil temperature probe and manual TDR, respectively. During the entire month, a CO2-C emission of less than 30 % of the C input through soybean crop residues was estimated. In the mean of a 30 day period, the CO2-C flux in NT soil was similar to CT, independent of the chamber type used for measurements. Differences in tillage systems with dynamic chamber were verified only in short term (daily evaluation), where NT had higher CO2-C flux than CT at the beginning of the evaluation period and lower flux at the end. The dynamic chamber was more efficient than the static chamber in capturing variations in CO2-C flux as a function of abiotic factors. In this chamber, the soil temperature and the water-filled pore space (WFPS), in the NT soil, explained 83 and 62 % of CO2-C flux, respectively. The Q10 factor, which evaluates CO2-C flux dependence on soil temperature, was estimated as 3.93, suggesting a high sensitivity of the biological activity to changes in soil temperature during fall season. The CO2-C flux measured in a closed dynamic chamber was correlated with the static alkali adsorption chamber only in the NT system, although the values were underestimated in comparison to the other, particularly in the case of high flux values. At low soil temperature and WFPS conditions, soil tillage caused a limited increase in soil CO2-C flux.

scholarly journals Barriers for HIV testing during pregnancy in Southern Brazil

2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humberto Rosa ◽  
Marcelo Zubaran Goldani ◽  
Thomas Scanlon ◽  
Antônio Augusto Moura da Silva ◽  
Elsa Justo Giugliani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Public ◽  
Maternal Schooling ◽  
New Strategies

OBJECTIVE: To assess HIV testing rate and determine risk factors for not have been tested during pregnancy. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out in Porto Alegre, Southern Brazil, from December 2000 to February 2001. Socioeconomic, maternal and healthcare variables were obtained by means of a standardized questionnaire. Crude and adjusted odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were obtained in logistic regression models. RESULTS: A total of 1,642 mothers were interviewed. Of them, 94.3% reported being offered HIV testing before or during pregnancy or during labor; 89 mothers (5.4%) were not tested or did not know if they were tested. Attending fewer than six prenatal visits, being single and younger than 18 years old were relevant barriers preventing HIV testing. There was found a relationship between maternal schooling and the category of prenatal care provider. Having low 22.20 (12.43-39.67) or high 3.38 (1.86-7.68). schooling and being cared in the private sector strongly reduced the likelihood of being HIV tested. CONCLUSIONS: The Brazilian Health Ministry's recommendation for universal counseling and HIV testing has been successfully implemented in the public sector. In order to improve HIV testing coverage, new strategies need to target women cared in the private sector especially those of low schooling.

Rediscovery of the holotype of Ditaxodon taeniatus (Peters in Hensel, 1868) (Serpentes: Colubridae) and invalidation of the neotype designation

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1764 (1) ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
RENATO S. BÉRNILS ◽  
CHRISTOPH KUCHARZEWSKI ◽  
JULIO CESAR DE MOURA-LEITE ◽  
AXEL KWET
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
International Code ◽  
Single Specimen ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Porto Alegre

Ditaxodon taeniatus is a striped, racer-like colubrid snake inhabiting grassland savannas in southern Brazil. This species was described as Philodryas taeniatus by the then curator of the Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (formerly Zoologisches Museum Berlin, ZMB), Wilhelm Peters, from a single specimen collected by Reinhold Hensel in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. Peters’ description was published in a paper by Hensel (1868: 331) and, according to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN, 1999: Article 50.1, Recommendation 51E), the correct citation is Ditaxodon taeniatus (Peters in Hensel, 1868). Later, George A. Boulenger (1896: 124) transferred Philodryas taeniatus to the genus Conophis, and Alphonse R. Hoge (1958: 54) created for it the new genus Ditaxodon, which remains monotypic today.

Changing Patterns of HIV-1 Transmission in Southern Brazil 1985–1991

1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-206
Author(s):  
Breno R Santos ◽  
Eduard J Beck ◽  
Mario F Peixoto ◽  
Valerie Kitchen ◽  
Jonathan Weber
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Infected Female ◽  
Symptomatic Disease ◽  
Heterosexual Women ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Hiv 1

In order to describe the changing patterns of risk factors for HIV-1 transmission of patients using hospital services at an AIDS referral centre in Porto Alegre, southern Brazil, data on demographic characteristics, referral patterns and risk factors at time of first presentation were collected prospectively on 405 patients between October 1985 and September 1991. Overall HIV-related patient workload increased during the study period, as did the proportion of infected female patients seen ( P < 0.05). Of all patients, 147 (36%) presented with symptomatic HIV disease and 77 (19%) presented with an AIDS defining condition; men were more likely to present with symptomatic disease than women. Approximately 156 (44%) of men were self-referred compared with 4 (8%) of the women ( P < 0.0001). Of the 357 infected men, 82 (23%) were bisexuals; of the 26 heterosexually infected women, 7 (24%) had bisexual male partners. These data suggest the increasing importance of heterosexual HIV transmission in this hitherto ‘low’ prevalence area, with male bisexuals constituting an important route through which heterosexual females are being infected in this area. The data also suggest that heterosexual women in Southern Brazil do not perceive themselves to be at risk for HIV-1 infection.

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