scholarly journals Evaluation of the bleached human enamel by Scanning Electron Microscopy

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Baptista Miranda ◽  
Clovis Pagani ◽  
Ana Raquel Benetti ◽  
Fábio da Silva Matuda
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Halogen Lamp ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Total Exposure ◽  
Human Enamel ◽  
Dental Hard Tissues ◽  
Scanning Electron

Since bleaching has become a popular procedure, the effect of peroxides on dental hard tissues is of great interest in research. Purpose: The aim of this in vitro study was to perform a qualitative analysis of the human enamel after the application of in-office bleaching agents, using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Materials and Methods: Twenty intact human third molars extracted for orthodontic reasons were randomly divided into four groups (n=5) treated as follows: G1- storage in artificial saliva (control group); G2- four 30-minute applications of 35% carbamide peroxide (total exposure: 2h); G3- four 2-hour exposures to 35% carbamide peroxide (total exposure: 8h); G4- two applications of 35% hydrogen peroxide, which was light-activated with halogen lamp at 700mW/cm² during 7min and remained in contact with enamel for 20min (total exposure: 40min). All bleaching treatments adopted in this study followed the application protocols advised by manufacturers. Evaluation of groups submitted to 35% carbamide peroxide was carried out after two time intervals (30 minutes and 2 hours per session), following the extreme situations recommended by the manufacturer. Specimens were prepared for SEM analysis performing gold sputter coating under vacuum and were examined using 15kV at 500x and 2000x magnification. Results: Morphological alterations on the enamel surface were similarly detected after bleaching with either 35% carbamide peroxide or 35% hydrogen peroxide. Surface porosities were characteristic of an erosive process that took place on human enamel. Depression areas, including the formation of craters, and exposure of enamel rods could also be detected. Conclusion: Bleaching effects on enamel morphology were randomly distributed throughout enamel surface and various degrees of enamel damage could be noticed. Clinical significance: In-office bleaching materials may adversely affect enamel morphology and therefore should be used with caution.

scholarly journals Evaluation of morphological and chemical alterations in enamel, dentin and cementum after internal bleaching technique using different bleaching agents

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Nadia De Souza Ferreira ◽  
Paula Elaine Cardoso ◽  
Natalia Passos Ferreira ◽  
Amanda Costa Corocher ◽  
Isabela Ferreira Paulino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tooth Bleaching ◽  
Sodium Perborate ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Organic Part ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
And Control ◽  
Scanning Electron

<p><strong>Objective</strong>: The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphological and chemical alterations in enamel, dentin and cementum after internal bleaching using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). <strong>Material and Methods:</strong> Seventy-two bovine incisor teeth were prepared, cut and bleached for 7 days as follows: HP: 35% hydrogen peroxide gel; HP+SP: 35% hydrogen peroxide gel + sodium perborate; CP: 37% carbamide peroxide gel; CP+SP: 37% carbamide peroxide gel + sodium perborate; SP: sodium perborate + water; and control: deionized water. The specimens were sectioned and prepared for morphological analysis under SEM and analysis of calcium, phosphorus, oxygen and carbon levels using EDS. <strong>Results</strong>: A significant reduction was found in the calcium levels in enamel after treatment with CP + SP and CP (p &lt; 0.05). Carbon (organic part) was hardly altered in enamel. A significant reduction in the calcium levels was found in dentin in Groups HP+SP, CP and CP+SP. Phosphorus levels increased after SP+H20 (p &lt; 0.05) and CP (p &lt; 0.05). Carbon levels showed little variation and the largest amount was found in Groups CP and CP+SP (p &lt; 0.05); in the other groups there was no alteration. A significant reduction in the calcium levels was found in the cementum in Group CP+SP (p &lt; 0.05). <strong>Conclusion</strong>: Alterations in the enamel, dentin and cementum compositions occurred after bleaching and these alterations showed to be less significant with sodium perborate and water.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Carbamide peroxide; Hydrogen peroxide; Scanning electron microscopy; Sodium perborate; Tooth bleaching.</p>

Scanning electron microscopy evaluation of the effect of etching agents on human enamel surface

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caio Zanet ◽  
Victor Arana-Chavez ◽  
Marcelo Fava
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Human Enamel ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Adhesive Materials ◽  
Group 1

Acid etching promotes microporosities on enamel surface, which provide a better bonding surface to adhesive materials. The purpose of this study was to comparatively analyze the microstructure of enamel surface after etching with 37% phosphoric acid or with two self-etching primers, Non-rinse conditioner (NRC) and Clearfil SE Bond (CSEB) using scanning electron microscopy. Thirty sound premolars were divided into 3 groups with ten teeth each: Group 1: the buccal surface was etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 15 seconds; Group 2: the buccal surface was etched with NRC for 20 seconds; Group 3: the buccal surface was etched with CSEB for 20 seconds. Teeth from Group 1 were rinsed with water; teeth from all groups were air-dried for 15 seconds. After that, all specimens were processed for scanning electron microscopy and analyzed in a Jeol 6100 SEM. The results showed deeper etching when the enamel surface was etched with 37% phosphoric acid, followed by NRC and CSEB. It is concluded that 37% phosphoric acid is still the best agent for a most effective enamel etching.

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGY AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF HUMAN ENAMEL AND DENTIN BY OPTICAL AND SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 2744-2750
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Karteva ◽  
◽  
Neshka Manchorova-Veleva ◽  
Zhelyazko Damyanov ◽  
Teodora Karteva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Structural Characterization ◽  
Human Enamel ◽  
Scanning Electron

scholarly journals Comparison of the Enamel Surface Roughness from Different Polishing Methods: Scanning Electron Microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy Investigation

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 299-305
Author(s):  
Kiatanan Sugsompian ◽  
Ratchawan Tansalarak ◽  
Thosapol Piyapattamin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Objective This study aimed to compare the enamel surface roughness created by four polishing methods after debonding, by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Materials and Methods Four experimental polishing groups (Sof-Lex disc, SD; sandblaster, SB; tungsten carbide bur, TB; and white stone bur, WB) and one control group were selected from 100 premolars (n = 20/group). The experimental teeth were bonded with a bracket, thermocycled, and debonded. Residual adhesive was removed by either of the respective methods. Pre and postdebonding root mean square (Rq) values were obtained from AFM evaluations. All specimens were examined and evaluated with SEM using a modified enamel surface index (modified ESI). Statistical Analysis Differences among the polishing methods were compared with analysis of variance and Fisher’s least significant difference test at p < 0.05. Results Both microscopic evaluations indicated that the surface with the greatest roughness herein belonged to the SD group, followed by that for SB, TB, and WB groups. AFM measurements indicated a maximum postdebonding Rq herein for the WB group and a significantly greater surface roughness for the TB and WB groups than for the SD and SB groups. Among the experimental groups, SEM followed by modified ESI evaluations revealed similar data to those obtained with AFM. Significant differences were seen among all paired groups, except for that between the SB and TB groups. Conclusion Within the limitations of this study, all four polishing methods were concluded to be clinically acceptable for removing residual orthodontic adhesives.

scholarly journals Studies on the Structure of Human Enamel by Scanning Electron Microscopy

1972 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadao Kirino ◽  
Takashi Ichijo ◽  
Masatoshi Goto ◽  
Takeshi Ono ◽  
Yukishige Kozawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Human Enamel ◽  
Scanning Electron
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