Scanning electron microscopy evaluation of the effect of etching agents on human enamel surface

Acid etching promotes microporosities on enamel surface, which provide a better bonding surface to adhesive materials. The purpose of this study was to comparatively analyze the microstructure of enamel surface after etching with 37% phosphoric acid or with two self-etching primers, Non-rinse conditioner (NRC) and Clearfil SE Bond (CSEB) using scanning electron microscopy. Thirty sound premolars were divided into 3 groups with ten teeth each: Group 1: the buccal surface was etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 15 seconds; Group 2: the buccal surface was etched with NRC for 20 seconds; Group 3: the buccal surface was etched with CSEB for 20 seconds. Teeth from Group 1 were rinsed with water; teeth from all groups were air-dried for 15 seconds. After that, all specimens were processed for scanning electron microscopy and analyzed in a Jeol 6100 SEM. The results showed deeper etching when the enamel surface was etched with 37% phosphoric acid, followed by NRC and CSEB. It is concluded that 37% phosphoric acid is still the best agent for a most effective enamel etching.

Download Full-text

Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis of the Anterior Capsulotomy Edge: A Comparative Study between Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Capsulotomy and Manual Capsulorhexis

Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1155/2018/8620150 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Daniele Tognetto ◽

Chiara De Giacinto ◽

Alberto Armando Perrotta ◽

Tommaso Candian ◽

Alessandro Bova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Femtosecond Laser ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Surface Irregularity ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group 2 ◽

Cut Surface ◽

Scanning Electron ◽

Group 1

Purpose. To compare the capsule edges ultrastructure obtained by two femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) platforms and manual continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC) using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Setting. Eye Clinic, University of Trieste, Italy. Design. Experimental comparative study. Methods. 150 anterior capsules were collected and divided into three groups as follows: Group 1 (50 capsules) obtained with manual CCC, Groups 2 and 3 (each with 50 capsules) obtained with the Catalys Laser and the LenSx Laser, respectively. All samples were imaged by means of SEM and regularity of the cut surface, and thickness of the capsule edge were evaluated and compared. Results. All femtosecond laser (FSL) capsules were perfectly circular, whereas some alteration of the circular shape was observed in the manual ones. Group 1 showed a smooth and regular capsule edge without any surface irregularity, conversely Groups 2 and 3 showed postage-stamp perforations on the capsule edge. The cut surface irregularity value in Group 2 was 1.4 ± 0.63, while it was 0.7 ± 0.49 in Group 3 (p<0.05). Group 1 had a significantly lower thickness of the capsule edge than the FSL groups (p<0.05). No statistically significant difference in the capsule edge thickness between the FSL groups was found (p=0.244). Conclusions. Despite the presence of slight cut surface irregularities, both FSL capsulotomies showed a better geometry and circularity than the manual ones. Capsulotomy specimens obtained using both FSL capsulotomies showed laser-induced alterations of the capsule edge when compared with smooth and regular edges obtained using manual CCC.

Download Full-text

Characterization of dentin morphology after application of ozone and sodium ascorbate by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy

RSBO ◽

10.21726/rsbo.v17i2.31 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 85-91

Author(s):

João Batista de Souza ◽

Daniel Rodrigues ◽

Paula Cicília Faquim Rodrigues ◽

Lawrence Gonzaga Lopes ◽

Tainah Costa Firmiano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Atomic Force Microscopy ◽

Phosphoric Acid ◽

Sodium Ascorbate ◽

Acid Etching ◽

Force Microscopy ◽

Atomic Force ◽

Group 3 ◽

Scanning Electron

The aim of this study was to evaluate dentin morphology after ozone gas and sodium ascorbate application by the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) images. Material and methods: Seven freshly extracted human third molars were sectioned perpendicularly to the tooth long axis, 3mm above the cementoenamel junction and other section above the first. Dentin slices were obtained, 2 mm thickness, then the slices were sectioned vertically and horizontally into four equal parts, resulting in 28 samples. These were divided in 4 groups (n=7): (G1) phosphoric acid – control; (G2) ozone + phosphoric acid; (G3) phosphoric acid + ozone; and (G4) ozone + sodium ascorbate + phosphoric acid. Dentin morphology of six samples of each groupwas evaluated by SEM and one by AFM. Results: In Groups 2 and 4 there was a change in the effectiveness of acid etching in terms of removing the smear layer. In Group 3 there was a change in the dentin microstructure, which can be a harmful factor regarding the bond strength of adhesive agents. Conclusion: After the qualitative analysis, the application sequences of ozone, phosphoric acid etching and sodium ascorbate application generated differences in the dentinmorphology by SEM and AFM. Sodium ascorbate decreased the ozone effect before the acid etching but did not eliminate it.

Download Full-text

Scanning Electron Microscopy of the Human Enamel Surface Layer of Incipient Carious Lesions

Caries Research ◽

10.1159/000260643 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Y. Haikel ◽

R.M. Frank ◽

J.C. Voegel

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Surface Layer ◽

Enamel Surface ◽

Human Enamel ◽

Carious Lesions ◽

Scanning Electron

Download Full-text

Enamel Deproteinization before Acid Etching – A Scanning Electron Microscopic Observation

Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry ◽

10.17796/jcpd.35.2.9gw7147381836380 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 169-172 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Bhoomika Ahuja ◽

Ramakrishna Yeluri ◽

M Sudhindra Baliga ◽

AK Munshi

Keyword(s):

Phosphoric Acid ◽

Sem Analysis ◽

Enamel Surface ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Etching Pattern ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽

Group 2 ◽

Scanning Electron ◽

Group 1

Objectives: This study was undertaken to evaluate the topographical features of enamel surface deproteinized with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and etched with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) compared to phosphoric acid alone using Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) Analysis. Study Design: 30 enamel blocks of 1mm2 from ten human sound extracted permanent molars were obtained and treated as under: Group 1 (10 blocks): Enamel surface was etched with 37% H3PO4 gel for 15 seconds. Group 2 (10 blocks):Enamel surface was treated with 5.25% NaOCl for 60 seconds and then etched with 37% H3PO4 gel for 15 seconds. 10 enamel blocks were included in the control group where no treatment was carried out. The samples were subjected to SEM analysis and 5 microphotographs of each sample were obtained at 500X magnification and evaluated for the quality of etching pattern of the enamel in percentage (%) using Auto-CAD 2007 software. Results: Mean values of etching pattern in Group 1 being 55.76% and Group 2 being 53.58%. No significant difference was observed between the two groups. Conclusion: The use of 37% phosphoric acid for 15 seconds still remains the best method for pretreatment of enamel.

Download Full-text

Efficacy of Two Irrigants Used with Self-Adjusting File System on Smear Layer: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study

International Scholarly Research Notices ◽

10.1155/2014/289164 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Özgür Genç Şen ◽

Sadullah Kaya ◽

Özgür Er ◽

Tayfun Alaçam

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Citric Acid ◽

Evaluation System ◽

Smear Layer ◽

Root Canals ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group 2 ◽

Scanning Electron ◽

Group 1

Mechanical instrumentation of root canals produces a smear layer that adversely affects the root canal seal. The aim of this study was to evaluate efficacy of MTAD and citric acid solutions used with self-adjusting file (SAF) system on smear layer. Twenty-three single-rooted human teeth were used for the study. Canals were instrumented manually up to a number 20 K file size. SAF was used to prepare the root canals. The following groups were studied: Group 1: MTAD + 5.25% NaOCl, Group 2: 20% citric acid + 5.25% NaOCl, and Group 3: Control (5.25% NaOCl). All roots were split longitudinally and subjected to scanning electron microscopy. The presence of smear layer in the coronal, middle, and apical thirds was evaluated using a five-score evaluation system. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for statistical analysis. In the coronal third, Group 2 exhibited the best results and was statistically different froms the other groups (P<0.05). There was not a significant difference among the three thirds of groups according to in-group comparisons (P>0.05). The solutions used in Group 1 and 2 could effectively remove smear layer in most of the specimens. However, citric acid was more effective than MTAD in the three thirds of the canal.

Download Full-text

Resistance to Dislodgement of REBILDA® Post System to Intraradicular Dentin

Odovtos - International Journal of Dental Sciences ◽

10.15517/ijds.v19i2.28742 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 47

Author(s):

Daphne Ross DDS ◽

Carlos E. Filloy Esna DDS ◽

Juan Carlos Ramírez-Barrantes DDS, MSD, PhD

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Bond Strength ◽

Adhesive Systems ◽

Root Reinforcement ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group 2 ◽

Push Out ◽

Scanning Electron ◽

Group 1

Currently there is controversy in the literature about clinical and adhesive effectiveness with respect to adhesive systems aimed to root reinforcement. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the Push-Out bond strength between the Rebilda® post system and the intraradicular dentine. Thus, 28 unirradicular teeth were used, cut and standardized in 16 mm. The root segments were submitted to endodontic treatment; and then randomly divided into two groups, Group 1 (n = 14): Rebilda® DC + Futurabond DC; Group 2 (n = 14): RelyX ARC + Adper Scothbond Multipurpose Plus. Ten specimens from each group were submitted to the Push-Out Test. The remaining 4 specimens from each group were prepared for Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) in order to evaluate the formation of resinous extensions at the post-cement-dentin interface. Group 2 showed better results when compared to Group 1 regarding bond strength and in formation of resinous extensions or tags, but there was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05). It was concluded that the REBILDA® Post System promotes adequate bond strength to intraradicular dentin.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of the bleached human enamel by Scanning Electron Microscopy

Journal of Applied Oral Science ◽

10.1590/s1678-77572005000200021 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 204-211 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Carolina Baptista Miranda ◽

Clovis Pagani ◽

Ana Raquel Benetti ◽

Fábio da Silva Matuda

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Enamel Surface ◽

Halogen Lamp ◽

Carbamide Peroxide ◽

Total Exposure ◽

Human Enamel ◽

Dental Hard Tissues ◽

Scanning Electron

Since bleaching has become a popular procedure, the effect of peroxides on dental hard tissues is of great interest in research. Purpose: The aim of this in vitro study was to perform a qualitative analysis of the human enamel after the application of in-office bleaching agents, using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Materials and Methods: Twenty intact human third molars extracted for orthodontic reasons were randomly divided into four groups (n=5) treated as follows: G1- storage in artificial saliva (control group); G2- four 30-minute applications of 35% carbamide peroxide (total exposure: 2h); G3- four 2-hour exposures to 35% carbamide peroxide (total exposure: 8h); G4- two applications of 35% hydrogen peroxide, which was light-activated with halogen lamp at 700mW/cm² during 7min and remained in contact with enamel for 20min (total exposure: 40min). All bleaching treatments adopted in this study followed the application protocols advised by manufacturers. Evaluation of groups submitted to 35% carbamide peroxide was carried out after two time intervals (30 minutes and 2 hours per session), following the extreme situations recommended by the manufacturer. Specimens were prepared for SEM analysis performing gold sputter coating under vacuum and were examined using 15kV at 500x and 2000x magnification. Results: Morphological alterations on the enamel surface were similarly detected after bleaching with either 35% carbamide peroxide or 35% hydrogen peroxide. Surface porosities were characteristic of an erosive process that took place on human enamel. Depression areas, including the formation of craters, and exposure of enamel rods could also be detected. Conclusion: Bleaching effects on enamel morphology were randomly distributed throughout enamel surface and various degrees of enamel damage could be noticed. Clinical significance: In-office bleaching materials may adversely affect enamel morphology and therefore should be used with caution.

Download Full-text

Comparative Evaluation of Cleaning Efficacy of Three Different Single File Systems: An In Vitro Study

Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research ◽

10.9734/jammr/2021/v33i1230937 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 26-31

Author(s):

Deebah Choudhary

Keyword(s):

File Systems ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Single File ◽

Working Length ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Cleaning Efficacy ◽

Scanning Electron ◽

Group 1

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the canal cleaning efficacy of these three file systems using scanning electron microscopy. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the Department of Conservative dentistry and Endodontics, Institute of Dental Sciences Sehora, between October 2020 and December 2020. Materials and Methods: Access cavity preparation was performed on sixty extracted human mandibular premolar teeth and working length was determined. The samples were randomly divided into three groups (n=20) depending upon the file system used i.e. Group 1 (Reciproc Blue), Group 2 (Waveone Gold) and Group 3 (F360). Samples were split into two halves by creating longitudinal grooves on the buccal and lingual surfaces. The samples were sputter-coated with gold and examined under scanning electron microscope at 5000X. The dentinal wall of root canal at coronal, middle and apical thirds of each sample were evaluated for the presence of determining the canal cleanliness and then analyzed using a five-score index. Results: The results of this study revealed that Group 1 (Reciproc Blue) exhibited better cleaning efficacy than samples of Group 2 (WaveOne Gold) and Group 3 (F360) at different locations in the canal i.e. coronal, middle and apical. The mean debris present was highest in coronal area for both group 2 and group 3 i.e. 2.1 and least was seen in apical area of group 1 i.e. 0.3. (p<0.05) Conclusion: Reciproc Blue single-file showed highest cleaning efficacy followed by Waveone Gold and F360. Reciproc file also showed effective cleaning in the apical third of the canal.

Download Full-text