scholarly journals Prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection and risk of infection in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis in a referral center in Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Corrêa Fonseca ◽  
Waleska Teixeira Caiaffa ◽  
Mery Natali Silva Abreu ◽  
Katia de Paula Farah ◽  
Wânia da Silva Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Annual Risk ◽  
Booster Effect

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and the risk of infection in patients with chronic kidney disease treated at a hemodialysis center. METHODS: We included 307 patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis at the Mineiro Institute of Nephrology, located in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. All of the patients were submitted to tuberculin skin tests (TSTs). We investigated the booster effect and TST conversion. If the initial TST (TST1) was negative, a second TST (TST2) was performed 1-3 weeks later in order to investigate the booster effect. If TST2 was also negative, a third TST (TST3) was performed one year after TST2 in order to determine whether there was TST conversion. RESULTS: When we adopted a cut-off induration of 5 mm, the prevalence of LTBI was 22.2% on TST1, increasing by 11.2% on TST2. When we adopted a cut-off induration of 10 mm, the prevalence of LTBI was 28.5% on TST1, increasing by 9.4% on TST2. The prevalence of LTBI increased significantly from TST1 to TST2 (booster effect), as well as from TST2 to TST3 (p < 0.01 for both). In our sample, the mean annual risk of infection was 1.19%. CONCLUSIONS: In the population studied, the prevalence of LTBI was high, and the mean annual risk of infection was similar to that reported for the general population of Brazil, which suggests recent infection.

scholarly journals Comparison of Quantiferon-TB Gold and TST tests in the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection among HIV infected patients in Hamadan, west of Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (04) ◽  
pp. 360-365
Author(s):  
Fariba Keramat ◽  
Benyamin Bagheri Delavar ◽  
Alireza Zamani ◽  
Jalal Poorolajal ◽  
Elham Lajevardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Percent Agreement ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection increases the susceptibility of patients for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and reactivtion tuberculosis. This study aimed to compare the Quantiferon-TB gold-in tube test (QFT) with tuberculin skin test (TST) in the diagnosis of LTBI in HIV infected patients. Methodology: This comparative study of 89 patients with HIV in the Behavioral Diseases Counseling Center in Hamadan was carried out from July 2015 to November 2016. After obtaining consent from the patients, all demographic data, clinical manifestations, and laboratory results (CD4 count, TST and QFT) were entered into the questionnaires. The CD4 count is usually routinely performed using flow cytometry at the Behavioral Counselling Center. Quantiferon-TB test was done by using Qiagen – Quantiferon-2 plate kit ELISA. Results: Totally, 89 HIV infected patients with the mean age of 39.55 ± 10.31 years old were enrolled in the study. Sixty patients (67.42%) were male. The mean duration of HIV infection was 4.44 ± 3.88 years and the mean of CD4 count was 388.65 ± 260.66 cells/µL . Twenty patients had LTBI based on TST. Considering the QFT intermediate results as a positive test, the percent agreement of QFT and TST was 59.55%, which was not statistically significant (P = 0.2387). Conclusions: According to the results, there was no significant percent agreement between QFT and TST for detecting LTBI in HIV infected patients. However, by decreasing CD4 counts, there was a significant relation between TST positive and LTBI in HIV patients.

scholarly journals VITAMIN D AND LATENT TUBERCULOSIS INFECTION IN SCHOOLCHILDREN

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 344-348
Author(s):  
A. D. Petrushina ◽  
Daria M. Slashcheva ◽  
N. S. Brynza ◽  
N. D. Pirogova ◽  
S. V. Sosnovskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
World Health ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Initial Examination ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

The World Health Organization has adopted the global TB strategy for the period of 2016-2035. To achieve its targets, it is necessary to propose and introduce new approaches for the prevention and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in children and adolescents, as a potential source of active tuberculosis development. In this regard, the use of vitamin D (cholecalciferol) may become promising in combating tuberculosis, since most researchers suppose an adequate level of cholecalciferol to have a positive preventive and therapeutic effect in children with active and latent tuberculosis. So far the use of vitamin D may be appropriate, especially in children not adequately provided with vitamin D. The paper presents the results of the vitamin D levels study before and after prescribing cholecalciferol, as well as the dynamics of the tuberculin skin tests in school-age LTBI children receiving preventive treatment with anti-TB drugs. At the initial examination, a normal level of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D) was not detected in any child. After 3 months of administration of vitamin D in therapeutic doses, a normal concentration of 25(OH)D was observed in 52% of the children examined repeatedly. Analysis of the tuberculin skin test dynamics showed 47.6% of children to have a negative/doubtful test result after 3 months of treatment with anti-TB drugs and vitamin D. In 9.5% of patients, the size of the papule did not change during treatment. It is important to note that in these children, the 25(OH)D level also did not increase. А vitamin D intake at a therapeutic dosage did not cause hypercalcemia or hypercalciuria in any child. LTBI children are inadequately provided with cholecalciferol. There fore it is necessary to determine the level of vitamin D in the blood, then to prescribe the vitamin D, regardless of the time of year, along with standard therapy for a more effective outcome of LTBI treatment and prevention of active forms of tuberculosis in the future.

Tuberculosis in healthcare workers, Scotland

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin G Pollock ◽  
Eisin McDonald ◽  
Alison Smith-Palmer ◽  
Fiona Johnston ◽  
Syed Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Screening Programme ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Mycobacterial Infection ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Uk

In an attempt to explore healthcare worker acquisition of tuberculosis infection, we conducted population-based surveillance of all cases recorded as healthcare workers reported to Enhanced Surveillance of Mycobacterial Infection from 2000 to 2015. Over the study period, the mean incidence rate of tuberculosis among all healthcare workers was 15.4 per 100,000 healthcare workers. However, the incidence rate of tuberculosis amongst those healthcare workers born outside the UK was 164.8 per 100,000 compared with 5.0 per 100,000 UK-born healthcare workers. Fifty-seven per cent of all non-UK-born healthcare workers were diagnosed within five years of their arrival in the UK and would have been new entrants to the NHS. An effective new entrant occupational health screening programme for latent tuberculosis infection may have prevented some of these active cases of infection.

scholarly journals Latent Tuberculosis Infection among Healthcare Students and Postgraduates in a Mediterranean Italian Area: What Correlation with Work Exposure?

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Gabriella Verso ◽  
Nicola Serra ◽  
Antonina Ciccarello ◽  
Benedetta Romanin ◽  
Paola Di Carlo
Keyword(s):  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
School Students ◽  
Tuberculosis Screening ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Healthcare Profession

Background: Tuberculosis screening is part of the standard protocol for evaluating the risk of infection in healthcare workers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among students attending various healthcare profession degree courses and postgraduate medical courses at the School of Medicine of the University of Palermo, Italy, and assess the possible professional origin of infection. Methods: In total, 2946 students (2082 undergraduates and 864 postgraduates) took part in a screening program for LTBI between January 2014 to April 2019 using the tuberculin skin test (TST). Students with a positive TST result underwent a Quantiferon-TB test (QFT). Results: Among the 2082 undergraduates, 23 (1.1%) had a positive TST; the result was confirmed with QFT for 13 (0.62%) of them. Among the 864 postgraduate students, 24 (2.78%) had a positive TST and only 18 (2.08%) showed a positive QTF. Latent tuberculosis infections were significantly more frequent among postgraduates than undergraduates (2.08% > 0.62%, p < 0.0001). There was a higher number of subjects previously vaccinated for TB (18.87% > 0.24%, p < 0.0001), and of vaccinated subjects found positive for TST and QTF (66.67% > 7.69%, p = 0.001) in the postgraduate group. Conclusion: Latent TB is relatively low among medical school students in our geographic area. Nevertheless, this infectious disease must be regarded as a re-emerging biohazard for which preventive strategies are required to limit the risk of infection, especially among exposed workers.

scholarly journals Estimates of Testing for Latent Tuberculosis Infection and Cost, United States, 2013

2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
pp. 522-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne M. Marks ◽  
Rachel Yelk Woodruff ◽  
Kwame Owusu-Edusei ◽  
Garrett R. Beeler Asay ◽  
Andrew N. Hill
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Biomedical Literature ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Ltbi Testing

Objectives: Tracking trends in the testing of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) can help measure tuberculosis elimination efforts in the United States. The objectives of this study were to estimate (1) the annual number of persons tested for LTBI and the number of LTBI tests conducted, by type of test and by public, private, and military sectors, and (2) the cost of LTBI testing in the United States. Methods: We searched the biomedical literature for published data on private-sector and military LTBI testing in 2013, and we used back-calculation to estimate public-sector LTBI testing. To estimate costs, we applied Medicare-allowable reimbursements in 2013 by test type. Results: We estimated an average (low-high) 13.3 million (11.3-15.4 million) persons tested for LTBI and 15.3 million (12.9-17.7 million) LTBI tests, of which 13.2 million (11.1-15.3 million) were tuberculin skin tests and 2.1 million (1.8-2.4 million) were interferon-γ release assays (IGRAs). Eighty percent of persons tested were in the public sector, 18% were in the private sector, and 2% were in the military. Costs of LTBI tests and of chest radiography totaled $314 million (range, $256 million to $403 million). Conclusions: To achieve tuberculosis elimination, millions more persons will need to be tested in all sectors. By targeting testing to only those at high risk of tuberculosis and by using more specific IGRA tests, the incidence of tuberculosis in the United States can be reduced and resources can be more efficiently used.

scholarly journals Evaluation of QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube and Tuberculin Skin Tests Among Immigrant Children Being Screened for Latent Tuberculosis Infection

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith M. Howley ◽  
John A. Painter ◽  
Dolores J. Katz ◽  
Edward A. Graviss ◽  
Randall Reves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Immigrant Children ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Skin Tests
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